• 국제강구조저널
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.1470-1481
• /
• 2018

Building-level response to post-earthquake fire hazards in steel buildings has been assessed using primarily two-dimensional analyses of the lateral force resisting system. This approach may not adequately consider potential vulnerabilities in the gravity framing system. For this reason, three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of a 10-story case study building with perimeter moment resisting frames were developed to analyze post-earthquake fire events and better understand building response. Earthquakes are simulated using ground motion time histories, while Eurocode parametric time-temperature curves are used to represent compartment fires. Incremental dynamic analysis and incremental fire analysis procedures capture a range of hazard intensities. Findings show that the structural response due to earthquake and fire hazards are somewhat decoupled from one another. Regardless of the level of plastic hinging present in the moment framing system due to a seismic event, gravity column failure is the initiating failure mode in a fire event.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.287-298
• /
• 2019

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of early implant failure using a single implant system and to identify the factors contributing to early implant failure. Methods: Patients who received implant treatment with a single implant system ($Luna^{(R)}$, Shinhung, Seoul, Korea) at Dankook University Dental Hospital from 2015 to 2017 were enrolled. The following data were collected for analysis: sex and age of the patient, seniority of the surgeon, diameter and length of the implant, position in the dental arch, access approach for sinus-floor elevation, and type of guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedure. The effect of each predictor was evaluated using the crude hazard ratio and the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) in univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, respectively. Results: This study analyzed 1,031 implants in 409 patients, who comprised 169 females and 240 males with a median age of 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 47-61 years) and were followed up for a median of 7.2 months (IQR, 5.6-9.9 months) after implant placement. Thirty-five implants were removed prior to final prosthesis delivery, and the cumulative survival rate in the early phase at the implant level was 95.6%. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that seniority of the surgeon (residents: aHR=2.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-5.94) and the jaw in which the implant was placed (mandible: aHR=2.31; 95% CI, 1.12-4.76) exerted statistically significant effects on early implant failure after adjusting for sex, age, dimensions of the implant, and type of GBR procedure (preoperative and/or simultaneous) (P<0.05). Conclusions: Prospective studies are warranted to further elucidate the factors contributing to early implant failure. In the meantime, surgeons should receive appropriate training and carefully select the bone bed in order to minimize the risk of early implant failure.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.36-41
• /
• 2004

This paper presents an qualitative assessment for hazard on the electric power installations of a construction field using FMEL The power installations have the mission to maintain the highest level of service reliability on the works. The more capital the electric power invest the higher service reliability they plausibly will achieve. However, because of limited resources, how effectively budgets can be allocated to achieve service reliability as high as possible. The assessment typically generates recommendations for increasing component reliability, thus improving the power installation safety. The FMEA tabulates the failure modes of components and how their failure affects the power installations being considered. Tn order to estimate the risks of a failures, the FMEA presents criticality estimation or risk priority number using the severity, occurrence, and detectability. The results showed that the highest components of the risk priority number among components were condenser, transformer, MCCB and LA. And In case of the criticality estimation, the potential failure modes were abnormal temperature rise, insulation oil leakage, deterioration for the transformer, overcurrent for the MCCB and operation outage fir the LA.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제66권11호
• /
• pp.1605-1611
• /
• 2017

In this study, the characteristic lifetime of power facilities such as power transformers and GIS were investigated as the basis of power facility asset management. It is difficult to obtain the operation and failure data of the facilities in Korea. Therefore, the number of failures of the electric power facilities was calculated from the operation data and hazard rate shown in the overseas literatures, and the statistical analysis was performed using the Weibull distribution function. As a result of extracting and analyzing the data of the UK National Grid for power transformers, the characteristic lifetime (scale parameter) of 116.45 years was considered to be a very appropriate value for power transformer management and can be used as a comparative data of the analysis of the domestic transformers. As for the GIS, based on the Bays and Bay-Years data and the hazard rate according to the operation years of the 123kV GIS in Germany, it is found out that the characteristic lifetime of GIS is not so meaningful. It is necessary to decide a maintenance strategy and lifetime expectancy considering the characteristics of the design, materials and manufacturing process of GIS.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.357-371
• /
• 2007

경쟁위험(competing risk) 하에서의 누적 발생함수(cumulative incidence function)는 일반적으로 비모수적 방법으로 추정된다. 그러나 관심 있는 원인에 의한 사건이 다른 원인에 의한 사건보다 상대적으로 적게 발생하는 경우에 비모수적 방법으로 추정된 누적발생함수는 이산성으로 인해 다소 정확하지 않게 된다. 이와 같은 경우에 Bryant와 Diagnam(2004)는 관심 있는 원인에 대한 원인특정적 위험함수(cause-specific hazard function)를 모수적으로 모형화하고 다른 원인에 의한 사건은 비모수적으로 추정하는 준모수적 방법을 제안했다. 본 연구에서는 준모수적 누적발생함수 추정량을 재표현하고 와이블분포모형과 대수 정규분포모형으로 확장하였다. 또한 대수 정규분포 원인특정적 위험모형일 경우 누적 발생함수에 대한 비모수적 추정량, 와이블분포 준모수적 추정량과 대수 정규분포 준모수적 추정량의 효율성을 비교하며 준모수적 추정량의 성능과 모형 오설정이 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 벌크 중합법을 이용한 폴리스티렌 중합공정의 폭주반응에 대한 열적 위험성을 가속속도열량계(ARC)와 소규모 반응열량계(MM)를 이용하여 평가하였다. 당해 중합공정은 반응온도 $120^{\circ}C{\sim}130^{\circ}C$로 운전되어져야 하며, $130^{\circ}C$ 이상의 반응온도에서는 반응 생성물의 급격한 점도 증가로 인하여 반응기의 온도제어 실패에 따른 폭주반응의 위험성이 존재하였다. 또한 당해 중합공정의 반응온도($120^{\circ}C{\sim}130^{\circ}C$)에서 공정운전 초기에 반응기의 냉각실패가 발생할 경우 폭주반응으로 인해 반응기의 온도와 압력이 각각 30 ~ 50분 이내에 약 $340^{\circ}C$, 5.3 bar 까지 급격히 상승하여 반응기의 파열판이 파열되거나 반응기가 폭발할 수 있는 열적 위험성이 높게 나타났다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.236-236
• /
• 2015

Flood is one of the major natural disasters affecting millions of people. Thailand also, frequently faces with this type of disaster. Especially, 2011 mega flood in Central Thailand, inundated highway severely attributed to the failure of national economic and risk to life. Lesson learned from such an extreme event caused flood monitoring and warning becomes one of the sound mitigations. The highway flood hazard mapping accomplished in this research is one of the strategies. This is due to highway flood is the potential risk to life and limb, and potential damage to property. Monitoring and warning therefore help reducing live and property losses. In this study, degree of highway flood hazard was assessed by weighting factors for each cause of the highway flood using Multi Criteria Analysis (MCA) based Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). These weighting factors are the essential information to classify the degree of highway flood hazard to enable pinpoint on flood monitoring and flood warning in hazard areas. The highway flood causes were then investigated. It was found that three major factors influence to the highway flood are namely the highway characteristics, the hydrological characteristics and the land topography characteristics. The weight of importance for each cause of the highway flood in the whole country was assessed by weighting 3 major factors influence to the highway flood. According to the result of MCA analysis, the highway, the hydrological and the land topography characteristics were respectively weighted as 35, 35 and 30 percent influence to the cause of highway flood. These weighting factors were further utilized to classify the degree of highway flood hazard. The Weight Linear Combination (WLC) method was used to compute the total score of all highways according to each factor. This score was later used to categorize highway flood as high, moderate and low degree of hazard levels. Highway flood hazard map accomplished in this research study is applicable to serve as the handy tool for highway flood warning. However, to complete the whole warning process, flood water level monitoring system for example the camera gauge should be installed in the hazard highway. This is expected to serve as a simple flood monitor as part of the warning system during such extreme or critical event.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.445-455
• /
• 2009

본 논문에서는 연구대상 지역의 150 mm 주철 상수관로의 첫 번째 파손으로부터 일곱 번째 파손사건에 대한 비례 위험모형을 구축하였다. 모형의 구축과정에서 공변수의 위험률에 대한 비례위험 가정을 검사하여 이를 위배할 경우 시간종속형 공변수로 모형화하였다. 그 결과 첫 번째 파손에 대해서는 관로의 제원 및 연결 방식과 급수인구가, 그리고 두 번째 파손 사건에 대해서는 급수인구의 영향이 시간에 따라 변하는 것으로 나타났다. 각 생존시간군의 기저위험률에 대한 분석으로부터 첫 번째와 두 번째 파손에 대해서는 대체적으로 파손 위험률이 시간에 따라 계속해서 증가하는 것으로 나타났으며, 세 번째 파손으로부터 일곱번째 파손사건에 대해서는 파손 위험률이 감소하다가 시간이 지나면 증가하는 욕조 모양으로 추정되었다. 또한 시간과 파손횟수에 따른 기저위험률의 변화 및 각 생존시간군의 중간생존시간으로부터 연구대상 상수관로들은 파손횟수가 증가할수록 전반적인 관로의 상태가 악화되는 것으로 판단된다. 추정된 공변수의 회귀계수와 위험비율을 이용하여 관로파손에 미치는 인자와 그 시간적 영향에 대하여 분석하였으며, 구축된 모형의 이탈잔차를 이용하여 모형의 적합도를 검증하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.461-475
• /
• 2021

Strategic structures are a potential target of the growing terrorist attacks, so their performance under explosion hazard has been paid attention by researchers in the last years. In this regard, the aim of this study is to evaluate the blast-resistance performance of lead-rubber bearing (LRB) base isolation system based on a probabilistic framework while uncertainties related to the charge weight and standoff distance have been taken into account. A sensitivity analysis is first performed to show the effect of explosion uncertainty on the response of base-isolated buildings. The blast fragility curve is then developed for three base-isolated steel moment-resisting buildings with different heights of 4, 8 and 12 stories. The results of sensitivity analysis show that although LRB has the capability of reducing the peak response of buildings under explosion hazard, this control system may lead to increase in the peak response of buildings under some explosion scenarios. This shows the high importance of probabilistic-based assessment of isolated structures under explosion hazard. The blast fragility analysis shows effective performance of LRB in mitigating the probability of failure of buildings. Therefore, LRB can be introduced as effective control system for the protection of buildings from explosion hazard regarding uncertainty effect.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2023

In this study, we aimed to identify the important hazard factors and determine their criticality in causing serious accidents in vehicle-mounted mobile elevated work platforms (MEWPs). Fuzzy failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)was performed using accident data and a survey of experts. To determine the hazard factors, the accident data for the last 10 years were used and a questionnaire survey was designed. The questionnaire survey was sent to four experts in the field of occupational safety to determine the severity, occurrence, and detectability of serious accidents in MEWPs. Furthermore, objective RPN scores and risk priority were obtained using fuzzy FMEA. Finally, the criticality of hazard factors in descending order was found to be overloading, non-installation or defective installation of outriggers, breakage due to wire rope aging, and illegal remodeling of vehicle structures. The results were verified by comparing the occurrence data of serious disasters.