• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.6987-6990
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• 2015

Background: Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers and one of the top ten causes of death in the whole world. Most oral cancers are diagnosed at late stages. Since dentists play a critical role in early detection of oral cancer, they should be knowledgeable and skillful in oral cancer diagnosis. The aim of this study was to survey dentist knowledge about oral cancer in Southern Khorasan Province. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with dentists who participated in an in-service educational program at the Faculty of Dentistry of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in spring 2014. A questionnaire including demographic information with 11 questions regarding oral cancer was prepared. The participants were required to be complete the questionnaires within a specific time span. The data were analyzed using SPSS 15 software by t-test and one-way ANOVA at 0.05 confidence level. Results: A total of 73 dentists out of 80 answered the questionnaires - 36 (49.3%) were females and 37 (50.7%) were males. Total mean score of knowledge was $7.91{\pm}1$ of 11. Mean scores of knowledge of male and female participants were $7.70{\pm}1.83$ and $8.13{\pm}1.94$ respectively. Mean knowledge score of general dentists was $7.41{\pm}1.79$ and of dental specialists was $9.44{\pm}1.0$ In spite of higher knowledge score of women compared to men and general dentists compared to dental specialists, these differences were not statistically significant (p=0.09). Tukey testing showed a significant difference between groups with 1-4 years of experience (8.74) and over twenty years of experience (6.50) ( p=0.001). Conclusions: Considering the good knowledge level of young dentists and the specialists and the importance of early diagnosis of oral cancer, it seems necessary to pay more attention to academic education for dentistry students, as well as holding retraining courses for experienced dentists, so that their knowledge not be reduced over time.

• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제19권
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• pp.63-112
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• 1990

The environment of the modern library is changing rapidly with advancements in information technology, massive increse in information, and with the changing needs of users for information in order to keep up with developments in science and technology. The library should also be in a constant state of change in accordance with the changing environment. But the current situation is that library organizations in Korea do not show any change. Here arises the need to diagnose the health of these organization. Organizational innovations can be achieved either by change in the organizational structure or administrative methods or in personal attitudes. In making organizational innovations, however, it is not sufficient only to change the organizational structure or the administrative methods without changing personal attitudes. The purpose of this thesis is to diagnose the health of university library organizations in Korea and to suggest prescriptions based on the results of this diagnosis, by means of organization development theory. In this study, the action research model and the diagnostic model were developed for the health of university library organization in Korea. The action research model consisted of 3 steps: diagnosis, intervention and evaluation. The diagnostic model comprised diagnostic criterion and diagnostic indicators. The health of an organization was selected as the diagnostic criterion. Diagnostic indicators were divided into 3 levels: personal job-satisfaction at the individual level, cohesiveness at the group level, and the organizational climate at the organizational level. Both the interview and the questionaire were used as diagnostic methods. The questionaire form was designed according to the Likert typle 5-point scale. For the investigation, 10 university libraries were selected from the private universities in Seoul, and questionaire sheets were sent to their 156 librarians and responses were received from 116 persons. An interview was carried out with a selected chief of departments of the library concerned. The results of the diagnosis show that the average personal job­satisfaction was 3.57, the group cohesiveness was 3.15 and organizational climate was 2.93, and accordingly the comprehensive health indicator was 3.22. The health of university library organizations in Korea was generally on the decline at all 3 levels. In particular, the organizational climate was in a very weak state. Most problems concern dissatisfaction with personnel policy, communications and non-professionally qualified directors. As the prescriptions, the following was suggested: institutionalization of the staff meeting for resolving problems with communication, appointement of professional directors, performance appraisal, conferring faculty status for librarians, and a suggest system. And for the improvement of the organizational climate, managerial grid training was suggested as one of the educational strategies for organizational development.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1623-1630
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• 2011

감귤과피 및 건 표고버섯을 첨가하지 않은 소시지를 대조군으로, 감귤과피분말 0.5%(C1), 1.0%(C2), 2.0%(C3), 건표고버섯 0.5%(L1), 1.0%(L2), 2.0%(L3) 그리고 감귤과피분말 및 건표고버섯 혼합군 0.5%(CL1), 1.0%(CL2), 2.0%(CL3)를 첨가하여 소시지의 품질 및 관능 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 수분함량은 대조군에 비하여 첨가군에서 유의하게 낮게 나타났으며, 회분 함량은 높게 나타났다. pH와 색도 적색도는 감소하고 황색도는 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 기계적 특성을 이용한 조직감은 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 소시지 관능특성 중 8개의 특성들이 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 제1주성분(PC1)과 제2주성분(PC2)의 변동은 58.96%와 23.08%로 총 변동의 82.04%가 설명되었다. 관능적 특성에 따른 제1주성분은 향미 특성인 짠맛, 신맛, 감귤향과 부서짐성, 돼지고기향, 단맛 그리고 부패취 3부분으로 관찰되었다. 제2주성분은 향미와 부패취와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 주성분분석(PCA)결과 소시지 제조 시 0.5~1% 건 표고버섯 첨가는 단맛과 돼지고기향과 관련되어 있으며, 감귤과 피분말 첨가는 신맛과 짠맛을 만드는 주요한 성분과 연관성이 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 관능적 특성과 기계적 물성 강도 간 부분최소평방회귀분석(PLSR) 수행 결과, 제1주성분(T1)과 제2주성분(T2)이 각각 총 변동의 46.98%와 14.75%를 설명하여 총 변동의 61.73%를 설명되었으며 관능적 특성인 감귤향과 신맛, 짠맛, 색상이 양의 방향으로 높게 부하되어 있고, 감귤과피 분말 2.0%(C3) 및 감귤과피 분말 및 건표고버섯 혼합군 2.0%(CL3) 또한 T1에 대하여 양의 방향으로 부하되어 있었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.604-608
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate extruded pellet (EP) diet compared with a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet for flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus on field feeding experiments in Jeju area. The experimental EP diet (juvenile, growing and adult) was prepared based on the former studies on nutrient requirements and feed ingredient of flounder. Fish were distributed randomly to each aquarium as a group of 102,300 fish (initial mean weight 97 g) in field experiment I and reared randomly to each aquarium as a group of 40,000 fish (initial mean weight 120 g) in field experiment II. In field feeding experiment I conducted in commercial flounder farm, survival, wt. gain (94-1,090 g), feed efficiency and condition factor of fish fed experimental EP were comparable to those of fish fed MP, but considerably higher protein efficiency ratio were observed in fish fed experimental EP. In field feeding experiment II, no significant difference was observed in final mean weight of fish fed the experimental EP (1,234 g) and MP (1,286 g), and any noticeable problem caused by feeding the experimental EP was not found during the whole period of feeding trial. Survival of fish fed the experimental EP was lower than that of MP, and there was no significant difference in feed efficiency between the fish fed experimental EP and MP. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that diet EP could be developed to replace MP diet for the marketable size (1.3 kg) of production for flounder without adverse effects on growth performance. In particular, abdominal dropsy and reduction of condition factor, which are frequently occurred in commercial EP feeding farms, were not observed in flounder fed experimental EP.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The Recaller app was developed to help individuals record their food intakes. This pilot study evaluated the usability of this new food picture application (app), which operates on a smartphone with an embedded camera and Internet capability. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Adults aged 19 to 28 years (23 males and 22 females) were assigned to use the Recaller app on six designated, nonconsecutive days in order to capture an image of each meal and snack before and after eating. The images were automatically time-stamped and uploaded by the app to the Recaller website. A trained nutritionist administered a 24-hour dietary recall interview 1 day after food images were taken. Participants' opinions of the Recaller app and its usability were determined by a follow-up survey. As an evaluation indicator of usability, the number of images taken was analyzed and multivariate Poisson regression used to model the factors determining the number of images sent. RESULTS: A total of 3,315 food images were uploaded throughout the study period. The median number of images taken per day was nine for males and 13 for females. The survey showed that the Recaller app was easy to use, and 50% of the participants would consider using the app daily. Predictors of a higher number of images were as follows: greater interval (hours) between the first and last food images sent, weekend, and female. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pilot study provide valuable information for understanding the usability of the Recaller smartphone food picture app as well as other similarly designed apps. This study provides a model for assisting nutrition educators in their collection of food intake information by using tools available on smartphones. This innovative approach has the potential to improve recall of foods eaten and monitoring of dietary intake in nutritional studies.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.323-333
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• 2020

In recent years, there has been an upsurge for the usage of buckling restrained braces (BRB) rather than ordinary braces, as they have evidently performed better. If the overall brace buckling is ignored, BRBs are proven to have higher energy absorption capacity and flexibility. This article aims to deliberate an economically efficient yet adequate type of all-steel BRB, comprised of the main components as in traditional ones, such as : (1) a steel core that holds all axial forces and (2) a steel restrainer tube that hinders buckling to occurr in the core; there is a more practical detailing in the BRB system due to the elimination of a filling mortar. An investigation has been conducted for the proposed rectangular-tube core BRB and it is hysteric behavioral results have been compared to previous researches conducted on a structure containing a similar plate core profile that has the same cross-sectional area in its core. A loss of strength is known to occur in the BRB when the limiting condition of local buckling is not satisfied, thus causing instability. This typically occurs when the thickness of the restrainer tube's wall is smaller than the cross-sectional area of the core plate or its width. In this study, a parametric investigation for BRBs with different formations has been performed to verify the effect of the design parameters such as different core section profiles, restraining member width to thickness ratio and relative cross-sectional area of the core to restrainer, on buckling load evaluation. The proposed BRB investigation results have also been presented and compared to past BRB researches with a plate profile as the core section, and the advantages and disadvantages of this configuration have been discussed, and it is concluded that BRBs with tubular core section exhibit a better seismic performance than the ones with a plate core profile.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권16호
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• pp.6749-6754
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• 2014

Background: There are limited data in the literature related to concomitant genital or extra-genital organ pathologies in patients with borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with 183 patients to draw attention to the accompanying organ pathologies with BOTs. Materials and Methods: One hundred eighty-three patients with BOTs, diagnosed and/or treated in our center between January of 2000 and March of 2013 were evaluated retrospectively. Data related to age, tumor histology, lesion side, disease stage, accompanying incidental ipsilateral and/or contralateral ovarian pathologies, treatment approaches, and follow-up periods were investigated. Incidental gynecologic and non-gynecologic concomitant organ pathologies were also recorded. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 40.6 years (range: 17-78). Ninety-five patients (51%) were ${\leq}40$ years. A hundred and forty-seven patients (80%) were at stage IA of the disease. The most common type of BOT was serous in histology. Non-invasive tumor implants were diagnosed in 4% and uterine involvement was found 2% among patients who underwent hysterectomies. There were 12 patients with positive peritoneal washings. Only 17 and 84 patients respectively had concomitant ipsilateral and concomitant contralateral incidental ovarian pathologies. The most common type of uterine, appendicular and omental pathologies were chronic cervicitis, lymphoid hyperplasia and chronic inflammatory reaction. Conclusions: According to our findings most of accompanying pathologies for BOT are benign in nature. Nevertheless, there were additional malignant diseases necessitating further therapy. We emphasize the importance of the evaluation of all abdominal organs during surgery.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.303-308
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• 2011

전통고추장의 품질을 개선하고 기호성을 높이기 위하여 단감을 분말화 하여 고추장에 0, 3, 4, 5% 첨가하여 단감 분말을 첨가한 고추장을 제조하고 $20^{\circ}C$에서 90일 동안 숙성시키면서 미생물학적 특성 및 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 고추장의 숙성 중 총균수는 숙성 초기부터 숙성 마지막 단계까지 서서히 증가하여 $10^8$ CFU/g 수준을 유지하였고 모든 숙성 과정에서 대조구와 단감 분말 첨가한 것 사이에 유의적 차이는 없었다(p <0.05). 효모 및 곰팡이 수는 숙성기간 동안 $10^4-10^5$ CFU/g을 유지하였다. 고추장의 관능검사를 숙성 30, 60, 90일 째 실시한 결과, 관능적 특성에 있어서 단감 분말의 첨가는 고추장의 색에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 단맛의 경우에 단감 분말 첨가량에 비례적으로 높아지는 경향을 보였고, 감칠맛의 경우에도 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 전체적 기호도 측면에서 보았을 때 숙성 30일 경에는 유의적 차이가 없었으나(p <0.05), 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 4% 단감분말 첨가구가 관능적으로 높은 값을 나타냈으며 숙성 최종 단계에서 단맛과 감칠맛 그리고 전체적 기호도에서 높은 선호도를 보여 단감 분말을 첨가한 고추장을 제조 시 단감 분말을 4% 첨가하는 것이 적절할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.237-246
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• 2015

We conducted intensive observations of ozone, CO, $NO_x$ (=NO and $NO_2$), $NO_y$ (total odd nitrogen species including particulate nitrate) and total nitrate (the sum of gaseous $HNO_3$ and particulate nitrate) at Cape Hedo, Okinawa, Japan, from 19 March to 3 April, 2009, to investigate ozone production during long-range transport from the Asian continent. Ozone production efficiency (OPE) was used to evaluate photochemical ozone production. OPE is defined as the number of molecules of ozone produced photochemically during the lifetime of a $NO_x$ molecule. OPE is calculated by the ratio of the concentration increase of ozone to that of $NO_z$ ($=NO_y-NO_x$). Average OPE during observation was estimated to be $12.6{\pm}0.5$, but concentrations of ozone increased nonlinearly with those of $NO_z$. This non-linearity suggests that OPE depends on air mass origin and $NO_z$ concentrations. There were very different values of OPE for the same air mass origin, so that only the air mass origin alone does not control OPE. OPE was low when $NO_z$ concentration was high. We examined the correlation between $NO_z$ and $CO/NO_y$ ratios, which we used instead of the ratio of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) to $NO_x$. The $CO/NO_y$ ratios decreased with increasing $NO_z$ concentrations. These results indicate that competition reactions of OH with NMHCs and $NO_2$ are the rate determining steps of photochemical ozone production during long-range transport from the Asian continent to Cape Hedo, for high concentrations of nitrogen oxides.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2002

수산가공잔사의 효율적 활용, 새로운 수산가공용 중간소재의 개발이라는 관점에서 활용도가 거의 없는 붕장어 머리와 내장과 같은 가공잔사를 원료로 하여 수산가공용 유용 중간소재를 가공하기 위한 최적 추출조건을 구명하였고, 이의 관능적 특성에 대하여 실험하였다. 붕장어 잔사의 수분함량은 $73.1\%$, 조단백질은 $14.6\%$, 지방의 함량은 $4.6\%$였고, pH는 6.98, 휘발성염기질소 함량은 17.2mg/100g으로서 선도는 비교적 양호하였다. 붕장어 잔사의 주요 구성아미노산은 Asp, Glu, Leu, Gly, Ala, His 및 Arg 등이었으며, 총지방질의 구성지방산으로 16:0, 16:1n7, 18: 1n9 및 22:6n3 둥이 주요 성분이었다. 2단 효소분해소재의 제조를 위한 시판 alcalase의 1차 효소분해 시간은 3-4시간 정도가 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 시판 neutrase를 첨가해 2차 효소분해를 행한 결과 2차 효소 분해 시간은 4시간이 가장 적합하였다. 이 때의 최종수율은 효소별로 다소의 차이가 있었으나 대체로 80.9-$87.3\%$이었다. 각 추출 소재를 관능검사한 결과, 2단 효소분해소재는 열수나 가압추출 소재와는 달리 비린맛이나 붕장어 특유의 느끼한 누린내와 같은 이미의 생성이 적었으며, 감칠맛 및 종합평가 면에서 월등히 뛰어난 것으로 나타났다.