• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.984-994
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• 1995

The dimensional structure of impression formed of a female figure in specific attire was identified and significant influence of skirt length and suit color on impression formed of figures in suits were researched in the part I of this study. In part ll, the effect of identical elements of apparel design on impression formation of a female figure in dress and pants- blouse were studied. The experimental matirals consisted of two sets of stimuli and 7 point semantic differential response scale developed in part 1. Each set of stimuli was composed of 20 drawings representing female figures in each attire. Three independent variables, which were the length of bottom, color of dress or pants and collar type of blouse, were manipulated in each stimulus. The experiment was arranged by 3 factorial design, and the data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and by Multiple Classification Analysis. To summarize, in impression formation of figure in dress, the most dominant design element was identified as bottom length and the second most dominant one was color of dress. In contrast, in perception of figure in pants-blouse, the most important design element was color of pants and secondly important one was bottom length. The collar type of top didn't have critical effect on impression formation of figures in both type of attire.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2006

This paper deals with the aspects of die design for the multistage fine tooth hub gear in the cold forging process. In order to manufacture the cold forged product for the precision hub gear used as the ARD 370 system of bicycle, it examines the influences of different designs on the metal flow through experiments and FE-simulation. To find the combination of design parameters which minimize the damage value, the low gear length, upper gear length and inner diameter as design parameters are considered. An orthogonal fraction factorial experiment is employed to study the influence of each parameter on the objective function or characteristics. The optimal punch shape of fine tooth hub gear is designed using the results of FE-simulation and the artificial neural network. To verify the optimal punch shape, the experiments of the cold forging of the hub gear are executed.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.1034-1043
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of the visual evaluation about gathered skirts according to different gathering conditions and objects. The experiment is made of factorial design for three variables-fabric(cotton, wool, polyester), ratio of gathers(1.5T, 2.0T, 2.5T), objects(real thing, 2D digital picture, 3D shape). Questionnaire consists of 33 sematic differential scale expressing gathered skirts' image. The subjects were 50 male and female students majoring in clothing and textile. The data were analyzed by Frequency, Factor analysis, Anova, scheffe's test. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. As the open-ended response there were difference among the image according to different gathering conditions and obects. 2. The image of gathered skirts was composed of 6 factors; activities, attraction, attention, softness, moderateness, function. 3. For visual evaluation of gathering conditions as different objects, there were similar as softly in fabrics and lager in ratio of gathers. 4. For visual evaluation of different objects as gathering conditions, there was more difference effect of ratio of gathers than fabrics.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

In general, the blood cell culture is a common method for animal chromosome preparation. However, every animal and its cells have unique physiological characteristics and functions. Hence, it is very difficult to find the suitable method of chromosome preparation using animal lymphocyte culture. This study was carried out to fine the suitable method of chromosome preparation using lymphocytes cultures in mammalians and aves including cattle, rat, mouse and chicken. To seek the optimal method of lymphocyte culture in each animal, $2^3$ factorial experiment was designed. The design evaluated three main effects in culture duration, kinds of mitogen supplements and colcemid exposure time with two levels within each effect. The mitotic index and the score of chromosome morphology were analyzed. In results, the suitable methods of lymphocyte culture for chromosome preparation were 72 hours culture, pokeweed mitogen(PWM) supplement and 90 minutes of colcemid exposure in cattle, 72 hours culture, PWM supplement and 50 minutes of colcemid exposure in chicken, 96 hours culture, concanavalin A supplement and 90 minutes of colcemid exposure in rat, and 72 hours culture, PWM supplement and 50 minutes of colcemid exposure in mouse, respectively. In conclusion, kinds of mitogen, culture duration and colcemid exposure time significantly affected the mitotic index and chromosome morphology, in animal lymphocyte culture. The interaction effects between/among treatment factors were also statistically significant.

• 산업공학
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.23-40
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• 1998

In this paper, a method to determine the optimal configuration of operating policies in an integrated-automated manufacturing system using the Taguchi method and computer simulation experiments is presented. An integrated-automated manufacturing system called direct-input-output manufacturing system(DIOMS) is described. We only consider the operational aspect of the DIOMS. Four operating policies including input sequencing control, dispatching rule for the storage/retrieval(S/R) machine, machine center-based part type selection rule, and storage assignment policy are treated as design factors. The number of machine centers, the number of part types, demand rate, processing time and the rate of each part type, vertical and horizontal speed of the S/R machine, and the size of a local buffer in the machine centers are considered as noise factors in generating various manufacturing system environment. For the performance characteristics, mean flow time and throughput are adopted. A robust design experiment with inner and outer orthogonal arrays are conducted by computer simulation, and an optimal configuration of operating policies is presented which consists of a combination of the level of each design factor. The validity of the optimal configurations is investigated by comparing their signal-to-noise ratios with those obtained with full factorial designs.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.154-154
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• 1993

A factorial experiment was conducted to determine the influence of phytate(0 or 10g/kg diet) and calcium (Ca)(3 or 10g/kg diet) intakes on Ca, P and Zn metabolism by growing female rats. Food intake and weight were similar for the all groups, however, phytate ingestion for six weeks depressed femur growth. The low Ca plus phytate group showed the lowest Ca content of total femur and this was related to a significant decrease of Ca retention. Phytate intake depressed zinc(Zn) absorption in the first metabolic collection. This inhibitory effect of phytate on Zn absorption was improved in the low Ca plus phytate group after several weeks. Impared Zn absorption however remained in the high Ca plus phytate group which was reflected in the lowest Zn content of femur, phytate intake with high Ca also depressed phosphorous(P) absorption and serum and urinary P. These adverse effects of phytate on Zn and P absorption when the dietary Ca was high could explain reduced femur weight despite the highest concentration of femur Ca(mg/g ash) in this group. Results suggest that phytate can adversely affect not only Ca metabolism but Zn and P utilization. Thus, for the normal bone growth when phytate intake is high, the ingesion of Ca, P, Zn and other minerals should be enhanced.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.684-690
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• 2003

This study has investigated the bioavailability of calcium in eggshell powder (ESP) for the purpose of reutilizing eggshells as the calcium source. The experiment was designed 2 ${\times}$ 2 factorial method with two sources, CaCO$_3$ and ESP, and two levels, 0.2% and 0.4% calcium. Weanling SD rats were assigned randomly to one of 4 groups and provided by one of the isocaloric, 20% casein based 4 different experimental diets for 4weeks. Deionized water was given and environment was kept from any contamination of minerals. The body weight, diet intake, feed efficiency ratio (FER), bone growth, Ca contents of bones, and apparent absorption were measured. FER (0.38 - 0.40) and kidney weight were not different among groups and the weight and length, Ca content, strength of two bones Tibia and Femur were not affected by Ca sources except Femur Ca content. Ca content of Femur was greater in ESP groups than that of CaCO$_3$ groups. The body weight gain, bone growth, the Ca contents and strength of bones were significantly greater in 0.4% calcium groups suggesting 0.2% calcium is not sufficient for the optimum growth in the growing rats. These results indicate that ESP be a proper Ca source comparable or superior to CaCO$_3$. However the apparent absorption rate of final 3 days of feeding did not support the observed results showing lower rate in ESP than CaCO$_3$ groups. Further study be needed in the absorption aspect.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.190-198
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• 1992

Among the variety of welding processes available, the flux cored arc welding is one of the most frequently used process, because of its wide range of application and high productivity. The weld joint tracking is indispensable to improve the flexibility of the arc welding robot application for the flux cored arc welding (FCAW) process. In this study, an arc sensor which utilizes the electrical signal obtained from the welding arc itself was developed for weld joint tracking in FCAW. Because a model of the welding arc in flux cored arc welding was required to develop the arc sensor, a mathematical model was proposed by analysing the welding arc behaviour, and also an experimental model by using the factorial experiment and least square method. For overcoming the fluctuation in the welding current signal during tracking the weld joint, it was fitted to a curve which is inversely proportional to a trace of tip-to-workpiece distance by using the quadratic curve-fitting method.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.21-31
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• 1970

The rice variety, Nongkwang was used in two factorial experiments with the combination of 15 kg and 20 kg of N per 10 a, 3 levels of P2O5 (0, 4 and 8 kg per 10 a) and 4 levels of potash(0, 2, 4 and 8 kg per 10 a) in the reclaimed soil areas containing 0.48% on the average salt content throughout the year(0.67% at the end of April). The absorption of N, K and Ca was accelerated by increased N applications. The absorption of P itself was not enhanced by the increased application of P2O5 but the absorption of K2O reduced the absorption of Mg was affected. The increased application of K2O reduced the absorption of Si and seemed to increase the content of carbohydrate in the rice plants. Twenty kg of N and 4kg of P2O5 per 10 a produced satisfactory yields of rough rice, potash applications are ineffective in this experiment on rice grain production.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1541-1546
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• 2015

The objective of this research was to evaluate the toxicity of the industial xenobiotic Aroclor 1248 (A) and natural origin substances~elemental sulfur (S80) and oleic acid (OA) and their binary mixtures to V. fischeri bioluminescence during the prolonged exposure time (up to 60 min). The bioluminescence quenching test was used to determine the toxic effects. Full factorial experiment design and multiple regression analysis and the comparison of binary mixture effect with the sum of effects of individual chemicals were used for the evaluation of combined effects of toxicants. The analysis of general trend of mixture toxicity to bioluminescence showed that mixture toxic effects were reversible up to 60 min. Data analysis revealed different joint effects, which were depended on mixture composition. S80 enhanced toxic effect of A and acted additively with synergistic interaction. Hydrophobic OA in mixture with A acted antagonistically and in mixture with sulfur caused an additive effect with antagonistic component of interaction. It was concluded that low concentrations of natural toxic substances present in environmental samples as mixtures of chemicals can define the toxicodynamic character of industrial xenobiotics.