• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.229-239
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• 2000

Spring, ground and thermal waters in the vicinity of Mt. Geumjeong and Mt. Baekyang area have been sampled and analyzed for major and minor elements. According to the Piper diagram, spring water belongs to $Ca-HCO_3$ and $Na-HCO_3$ types, groundwater to $Ca-HCO_3$ type, and thermal water to Na-Cl type. Based on the phase stability diagrams of $[Ca^{2+}]/{[H^+]}^2, [Mg^{2+}]/{[H^+]}^2, [K^+]/[H^+]$, and $[Na^+]/[H^+] vs. [H_4SiO_4]$, spring water, groundwater and thermal water are mostly in equilibrium with kaolinite. The result of factor analysis shows three factors (factor 1, 2 and factor 3) for the spring water, the groundwater and the thermal water which are represented by the influence of the dissolution of feldspar, calcite, anthropogenic sources (domestic and industrial wastes) and salt water.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.577-583
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• 2014

Three major classes of retroviral restriction factors (APOBEC3G, Tetherin, and TRIM5${\alpha}$) have been identified in mammals. Restriction factors are cellular proteins that are able to limit viral replication by targeting specific steps of the viral life cycle. To evaluate which restriction factor is the most effective to inhibit the replication of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs), the antiviral activity of each restriction factor was compared. In pseudotype assay, the antiviral activity of human tetherin against PERV pseudotype was slightly weaker than that of human APOBEC3G (hA3G). A combination of tetherin and hA3G was more potent than each individual restriction factor. We questioned whether a combination of tetherin and hA3G could also inhibit the spreading replication of PERV. In agreement with the pseudotype assay, two restriction factors inhibit infectious PERV replication in a spreading infection. In this study, hA3G could strongly inhibit the replication of PERV, but tetherin modestly restricted it. Based on these results, we concluded that a combination of tetherin and hA3G is the most effective way to restrict PERV. A combination of different restriction factors will encourage the development of a new approach to treat retroviral disease.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.82-93
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• 2008

Objective: Previously, the methanol extracts of the semen of Xanthium strumsrium could involved anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264,7 cells, We evaluated the anti-allergic effects of X. strumarium on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells, Methodes : To investigate the effect of X. strumarium on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and calcium ionophore A23187-induced RBL-2H3 cells. The effects of X. strumarium on the degranulation and the pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and expression from RBL-2H3 cells were evaluated with $\beta$-hexosaminidase assay, ELISA, and RT-PCR analysis, In addition, we examined the effects of X. strumarium on nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ activation and $I{\kappa}B-\alpha$ degradation using Western blot analysis. Results : X. strumarium inhibited degranulation and secretions and expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha ($TNF-\alpha$), interleukin (IL)-4 and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, on stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, however, X. strumarium not affect cell viability. In stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, the protein expression level of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) was decreased in the nucleus by X. strumarium. In addition, X. strumarium suppressed the degradation of inhibitory protein $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ protein in RBL-2H3 cells. Conclusion : These results suggest that X. strumarium inhibits the degranulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines through blockade of NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and I $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.555-566
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• 2018

Human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) are used in tissue repair and regeneration; however, the mechanisms involved are not well understood. We investigated the hair growth-promoting effects of hUCB-MSCs treatment to determine whether hUCB-MSCs enhance the promotion of hair growth. Furthermore, we attempted to identify the factors responsible for hair growth. The effects of hUCB-MSCs on hair growth were investigated in vivo, and hUCB-MSCs advanced anagen onset and hair follicle neogeneration. We found that hUCB-MSCs co-culture increased the viability and up-regulated hair induction-related proteins of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) in vitro. A growth factor antibody array revealed that secretory factors from hUCB-MSCs are related to hair growth. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were increased in co-culture medium. Finally, we found that IGFBP-1, through the co-localization of an IGF-1 and IGFBP-1, had positive effects on cell viability; VEGF secretion; expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), CD133, and ${\beta}-catenin$; and formation of hDPCs 3D spheroids. Taken together, these data suggest that hUCB-MSCs promote hair growth via a paracrine mechanism.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.525-531
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• 2005

From a genomic library of Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 55739, one clone, NE347, carrying a pyrH gene encoding UMP kinase, was identified. pNE347 carried a 1.88 kb EcoRI fragment and the pyrH was located in the middle of the insert. pyrH ORF was 723 bp in size and capable of encoding UMP kinase composed of 240 amino acid residues. tsf encoding an elongation factor-Ts and frr encoding a ribosomal recycling factor were present upstream and downstream of pyrH, respectively. When introduced into E. coli KUR1244, a pyrH-negative strain, pNE347 restored the ability to grow at $42^{\circ}C$, indicating that pyrH from L. reuteri synthesized functional UMP kinase in E. coli. Northern blot experiment showed that pyrH and frr were cotranscribed as a 1.4 kb single transcript. pyrH was overexpressed in E. coli by using a pET26b(+) vector, and a major 25 kDa protein band appeared on SDS-polyacrylamide gel.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2005

Secretion of the expressed heterologous proteins can reduce the stress to the host cells and is beneficial to their recovery and purification. In this study, fed-batch cultures of Escherichia coli YK537 (pAET-8) were conducted in a 5-L fermentor for the secretory production of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) whose expression was under the control of alkaline phosphatase promoter. The effects of feeding of glucose and complex nitrogen sources on hEGF production were investigated. When the fed-batch culture was conducted in a chemically de-fined medium, the cell density was 9.68 g/L and the secreted hEGF was 44.7 mg/L in a period of 60 h. When a complex medium was used and glucose was added in pH-stat mode, the secreted hEGF was improved to 345 mg/L. When the culture was fed with glucose at a constant specific rate of $0.25\;gg^{-1}h^{-1}$, hEGF reached 514 mg/L. The effects of adding a solution containing yeast extract and tryptone were further studied. Different rate of the nitrogen source feeding resulted in different levels of phosphate and acetic acid formation, thus affected hEGF expression. At the optimal feeding rate, hEGF production achieved 686 mg/L.

• Genes and Genomics
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1287-1300
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• 2018

Hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), a small bioactive gas, has been proved functioning in plant growth and development as well as alleviation of abiotic stresses, which including promoting seed germination, accelerating embryonic root growth, regulating flower senescence, inducing stomatal closure, and defending drought, heat, heavy metals and osmotic stresses etc. However, the molecular functioning mechanism of $H_2S$ was still unclear. The primary objective of this research was to analyze the transcriptional differences and functional genes involved in the $H_2S$ responses. In details, 4-week-old plantlets in tissue culture of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivar 'Zuoyouhong' were sprayed with 0.1 mM NaHS for 12 h, and then transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR analysis were used to study the transcriptional differences and functional genes involved in the $H_2S$ responses. Our results indicated that 650 genes were differentially expressed after $H_2S$ treatment, in which 224 genes were up-regulated and 426 genes were down-regulated. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that the up-regulated genes after $H_2S$ treatment focused on carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and the down-regulated genes were mainly in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and plant hormone signal transduction. Analyzing the transcription factor coding genes in details, it was indicated that 10 AP2/EREBPs, 5 NACs, 3 WRKYs, 3 MYBs, and 2 bHLHs etc. transcription factor coding genes were up-regulated, while 4 MYBs, 3 OFPs, 3 bHLHs, 2 AP2/EREBPs, 2 HBs etc. transcription factor coding genes were down-regulated. Taken together, $H_2S$ increased the productions in secondary metabolites and a variety of defensive compounds to improve plant development and abiotic resistance, and extend fruits postharvest shelf life by regulating the expression of AP2/EREBPs, WRKYs, MYBs, CABs, GRIP22, FERRITINs, TPSs, UGTs, and GHs etc.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.605-611
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• 2006

양식 산업의 문제점인 어병균을 방제하기 위한 생물 전구체의 개발을 목적으로 해산어의 내장 추출물에서 어병균인 Vibrio anguillarum의 생육을 저해하는 새로운 균주를 분리, 동정하여 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H41으로 명명하고 생육특성 및 생육저해인자 생성 조건을 검토하였다. 분리 균의 생육 최적 조건은 기본배지로 1% peptone, 질소원으로 1.5% yeast extract, 탄소원으로 1% sucrose, 0.5% NaCl, 금속이온으로는 0.05% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_20$이었으며 pH는 7.0-8.0, 온도는 $28-35^{\circ}C$에서 20시간의 진탕배양이었다. V. anguillarum 생육 저해물질은 B. amyloliquefaciens H41의 배양 상등 액에서 볼 수 있었는데 paper-disk 법으로 투명환의 생성여부로 확인하였다. 분리 균에 의한 생육저해 물질 생산 최적 조건은 1% peptone, 1.5% yeast extract, 1% NaCl, 0.05% $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_20$, 1%의 sucrose이었으며 최적 pH는 7.5, 최적온도는 $35^{\circ}C$이었다. 분리 균은 최적 배양조건하에서 저해물질을 배양 후 16시간부터 24시간대에 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 저해 활성반응은 분리 균에서는 저해 활성을 나타내었으나 B. amyloliquefaciens KCTC1724 표준균주에는 저해활성을 나타나지 않는 대조를 보였다. 또한 분리 균에 의해 생산된 저해물질은 V. anguillarum 에는 생육 억제 효과를 나타내었으나 다른 인체 병원성 Vibrio에는 전혀 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타나 균주 선택성이 특이적이었다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2003

Recently, pile foundations were constructed in rough or soft ground than ground of well condition thus it is important that prediction of ultimate bearing capacity and calculation of proper safety factor applied pile foundation design. This study were performed to dynamic loading tests for the thirty two piles at four different construction sites and selected pile at three site were performed to static loading tests and then compare with measured value and value of static and dynamic loading tests. The load-settlement curve form the dynamic loading tests by CAPWAP was very similar to the results obtained from the static load tests. Based on dynamic and static loading tests, the reliability of pile-driving formula were analyzed and then suggested with proper safety factor for prediction of allowable bearing capacity in this paper.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2002년도 춘계학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.18-18
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• 2002

This study was to investigate the effect of neurotrophic factors on neural cell differentiation in vitro derived from human embryonic stem (hES, MB03) cells. For neural progenitor cell formation derived from hES cells, we produced embryoid bodies (EB: for 5 days, without mitogen) from hES cells and then neurospheres (for 7 - 10 days, 20 ng/㎖ of bFGF added N2 medium) from EB. And then finally for the differentiation into mature neuron cells, neural progenitor cells were cultured in ⅰ) N2 medium (without bFGF), ⅱ) N2 supplemented with brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, 5ng/㎖) or ⅲ) N2 supplemented with platelet derived growth factor-bb (PDGF-bb, 20ng/㎖) for 2 weeks. (omitted)