• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.233-241
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• 2020

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of high frequency therapy applied to the region branching to the external carotid artery for peripheral facial paralysis sequelae. A patient suffering with facial edema due to facial paralysis sequelae had been treated with acupuncture, high frequency therapy on the branch area to the external carotid artery for 7 weeks. The evaluation of clinical outcome was done by degree of swelling by measuring the distance of the face and skin temperature of face through digital infrared thermographic imaging. After treatment, the patient's degree of swelling and the temperature difference between the affected side and normal side was decreased. In addition, the temperature was changed in the entire facial area as well as the treatment point of high frequency therapy. This result shows that acupuncture combined with high frequency therapy at the region branching to the external carotid artery could be an effective way to improve facial blood flow, although further clinical studies will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2001

Judging from the studies carried out by Dr. Jo, Yong Jin on the Koreans' faces, Koreans divided into two constitutions according to their facial features and heritages. The one population is the Northern lineage whose ancestor migrated from Siberia in ice age. In order to survive in cold climate, they have developed a high level of metabolic heat production. Cold adaptation for preventing heat loss results in a reduction in the facial surface area with small eyes, nose and lips. The other population is the Southern lineage who is the descent of native in Korean peninsular. They have big eyes with double edged eyelids, broad nose and thick lips. It is generally believed that both genetic and environmetal factors influence eating behaviors. Although we can't recognized their heritage that may contribute to the metabolism and eating behavior, we commonly recognize their physiological heritage acceding to their facial features. In order to investigate the relationship among the size and shape of facial feature, the eating behavior, anthropometric measurement in female college students, the eating behaviors was measured during an instant-noodle lunch eaten in a laboratory setting at the ambient temperature of $23^{\circ}C$. The anterior surface area of left eye and length of right eye were positively correlated with the difference between the peak postprandial and the meal-start core temperature. The surface area of lower lip also negatively correlated with the meal-start core temperature and meal duration. In addition, the total lips' area was positively correlated with the difference between the peak postprandial and the meal-start core temperature and negatively correlated with the meal duration. However anthropometric measurements were not related with the size of facial features.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

There have been many emotion researches to investigate physiological responses on specific emotions with physiological parameters such as heart rate, blood volume flow, and skin conductance. Very few researches, however, exists by detecting them with facial skin temperature. The purpose of present study was to observe the differences of facial skin temperature by using thermal camera, when participants stimulated by monitor scenes which could evoke fear or joy. There were totally 98 of participants; undergraduate students who were in their adult age and middle, high school students who were in their adolescence. We measured their facial temperature, before and after presenting emotional stimulus to see changes between both times. Temperature values were extracted in these regions; forehead, inner corners of the eyes, bridge of the nose, end of the nose, and cheeks. Temperature values in bridge and end of the nose were significantly decreased in fear emotion stimulated. There was also significant temperature increase in the area of forehead and the inner corners of the eyes, while the temperature value in end of the nose decreased. It showed decrease in both stimulated fear and joy. These results might be described as follows: When arousal level going up, sympathetic nervous activity increases, and in turn it makes blood flow in peripheral vessels under the nose decrease. Facial temperature changes by fear or joy in this study were the same as the previous studies which measured temperature of finger tip, when participants experiencing emotions. Our results may help to develop emotion-measuring techniques and establish computer system bases which are to detect human emotions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.24-38
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to examine the effects of acupuncture at LI4 on temperature changes of the facial surface randomly divided into 17 areas. The volunteers who participating in this study had taken rest for 20 - 30 min in room temperature ($23-25^{\circ}C$) before acupuncture and informed them what to prohibit smoking, drinking and drug for the previous one day. The Temperature of facial surface was measured by using Digital Thermography IR 2000 (Meridian Co., Korea) at 5 min before and immediately, 5, 10, and 15 min after acupuncture on LI4. The results of this study showed that there was no significancy in thermal changes of facial surface randomly divided into 17 areas, but different significantly in the aggregate changes at the difference of the thermal changes on facial surface (p < 0.001). The difference of aggregate change was increased time-dependent and the changes at 1st, 3rd, and 13th area were comparatively smaller than the other areas. However, the changes at 6th, 8th, 10th and 15th area were more increased than the others. This study suggests that acupuncture at LI 4 help human being increase the reaction to maintain thermal homeostasis in facial surface and the ability to treat at these area's disease.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.113-119
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• 2007

Objectives Benign essential blepharospasm is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms of the eyelid muscles. The aim of this study is to provide evidence of differences between facial skin temperaure of the paralyzed side and normal side in Essential Blepharospasm patients. Methods The author studied 13 patients with Essential Blepharospasm. We measured skin temperature of the forehead, zygoma area of the paralyzed side and those of the normal side with The Digital Infrared thermal image. Results There were no significant facial skin temperature differences between the paralyzed side and normal side. Conclusions Thermography is a useful diagnostic tool. But we expect that it is essential to diagnose a disease correctly at an early stage and to find a prompt treatment by introducing and utilizing a simple nonivading diagnofic method other than Thermography.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.430-436
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose an intelligent camera for multiple body temperature detection. The proposed camera is composed of optical(4056*3040) and thermal(640*480), which detects abnormal symptoms by analyzing a person's facial expression and body temperature from the acquired image. The optical and thermal imaging cameras are operated simultaneously and detect an object in the optical image, in which the facial region and expression analysis are calculated from the object. Additionally, the calculated coordinate values from the optical image facial region are applied to the thermal image, also the maximum temperature is measured from the region and displayed on the screen. Abnormal symptom detection is determined by using the analyzed three facial expressions(neutral, happy, sadness) and body temperature values. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed camera, the optical image processing part is tested on Caltech, WIDER FACE, and CK+ datasets for three algorithms(object detection, facial region detection, and expression analysis). Experimental results have shown 91%, 91%, and 84% accuracy scores each.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.57-59
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• 2005

In our study, the automatic tracking algorithm of a human face is proposed by utilizing the thermal properties and 2nd momented geometrical feature of an infrared image. First, the facial candidates are estimated by restricting the certain range of thermal values, and the spurious blobs cleaning algorithm is applied to track the refined facial region in an infrared image.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.509-516
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• 2013

As the visual fatigue induced by 3D visual stimulation has raised some safety concerns in the industry, this study aims to quantify the visual fatigue through the means of measuring the facial temperature changes. Facial temperature was measured for one minute before and after watching a visual stimulus. Whether the visual fatigue has occurred was measured through subjective evaluations and high cognitive tasks. The difference in the changes that occurred after watching a 2D stimulus and a 3D stimulus was computed in order to associate the facial temperature changes and the visual fatigue induced by watching 3D contents. The results showed significant differences in the subjective evaluations and in the high cognitive tasks. Also, the ERP latency increased after watching 3D stimuli. There were significant differences in the maximum value of the temperature at the forehead and at the tip of the nose. A previous study showed that 3D visual fatigue activates the sympathetic nervous system. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system is known to increase the heart rate as well as the blood flow into the face through the carotid arteries system. When watching 2D or 3D stimuli, the sympathetic nervous system activation dictates the blood flow, which then influences the facial temperature. This study is meaningful in that it is one of the first investigations that looks into the possibility to measure 3D visual fatigue with thermal images.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2023

Objectives : Washing face is the first step in skin beauty and health. I wanted to study the cleansing effect by using Placenta cp (cold process) soap. The skin condition is greatly influenced by the external environment such as lifestyle, drinking, smoking, and stress etc. I tried to measure the skin change state without environmental factors. Methods : In order to examine the effect before and after washing face under the same conditions, the same water and towel were used in the same place. The skin test was performed before and 10 minutes after washing. As a control group, a case of washing with water and foam cleanser. I compared and analyzed three cases: water washing, F/C (foam cleanser) washing, and Placenta cp soap washing. Results : In the case of water washing, it was significantly reduced in pores and increased in facial temperature. In the case of F/C washing, the facial temperature was significantly increased, but the decrease in moisture. In the case of washing with Placenta cp soap, significant reductions in T-zone and U-zone oil content, reduction in pore size, and increase in facial skin temperature were observed. Conclusion : In the case of Placenta cp soap, it is thought to be suitable for oily skin type, because of significant decrease in T-zone and U-zone oil content. It is thought to have the effect of increasing blood circulation in the facial skin and to reduce pores for oily skin types.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.650-659
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• 2013

To investigate the effects of facial blood flow rates(FBFR) and facial skin temperature(FST) generated by Gagam-Jawoonaek(GJ) application(appl.) after Miso Facial Rejuvenation Acupuncture(MFRA). Ten people in their twenties to fifties with no skin diseases were recruited. We randomly divided subjects two groups(A, B) and set the GJ appl. site(group A - right side, group B - left side). MFRA was performed on both sides of their face. Immediately after acupuncture treatment(AT treat.), GJ was applied only half of the face. We measured their FBFR using Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging(LDPI) and FST using Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI) at pre-AT treat., immediately after AT treat., twenty and sixty minutes after GJ appl.. We analyzed data using Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon test(p < 0.05). After MFRA treat., FBFR on both sides increased. Twenty minutes after JW appl., the changes of FBFR on GJ appl. side($122.9{\pm}43.1PU$) were bigger than GJ non-appl. side($80.9{\pm}38.4PU$), a statistically significant decrease. Sixty minutes after application, FBFR on both sides were recovered almost at the same level as that of pre-AT treat. After MFRA treat., FST on both sides increased. Twenty minutes after GJ appl., the changes of FST on GJ appl. side($1.1{\pm}0.6^{\circ}C$) were comparable to that of GJ non-appl. side($1.2{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$). Sixty minutes after application, FST on both sides were recovered almost at the same level as that of pre-AT treat.. Gagam-Jawoonaek could decrease facial blood flow rates.