• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제28권11호
• /
• pp.1470-1481
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to research on facial shape to suggest a quantified data for the domestic apparel and beauty industry. Conducted a measurement research of 278 female college students, We took the photographs of front view and lateral view of the subjects by digital camera and obtained the 69 measurements through the facial measurement program. 264 ,subjects' measurement data were analyzed by various statistical methods such as descriptive analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. Using the 69 measurement items,4 factors were selected as key factors for the factor analysis of facial shape, the factors are: \circled1 Front face height \circled2 Side face radial length \circled3 Front face breadth \circled4 Ear height and Gnathion radial length. We categorized the facial shape into four types by cluster analysis. Type 4 is the most common facial shape in female college students: \circled1 Type 1: Round face \circled2 Type 2: Oval face \circled3 Type 3: Square face \circled4 Type 4: Heart shaped face According to the facial shape analysis, facial shape of female college students are consisting of Heart shaped face(34.8%), Round face(29.2%), Square face(23.5%), oval face(12.5%).

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2009

This study is to help make-up and coordination for image-making after analysis of facial color and shape of elderly women. The data was analyzed 55-75 years old 212 elderly women's face color and pictures by means of SPSS 12.0 statistics package. On the basis of the colorimetric data on face by Minolta CM2500D, this research considered the analysis of facial color, patternization of facial color and its analysis by age group; for the analysis of facial shape, this research patternized facial shape and analyzed its characteristic using both contour-based facial shape analysis and Kamata facial shape analysis. As for facial color, it was found that the lower age bracket has bright and reddish face, looking fine, while the higher age bracket has a conspicuously yellowish face, looking bad. The community of facial color is classified as 3 types and it was found out that the facial color of the subjects belonging to Type 3, whose L value is the largest, looked the brightest; the face of the subjects belonging to Type 2, whose a value is the largest, was much tinged with red, and the face of the subjects belonging to Type 1, whose b value is the largest were tinged with yellow. According to the analysis of facial shape, there appeared oval & long forms in the classification by contour, while there appeared a lot of downward-directed power and inner-directed power in the classification by Kamata, which is believed to reflect the phenomenon that their chin line becomes roundish and the facial length also tend to be longer due to aging.

• 복식
• /
• 제44권
• /
• pp.104-116
• /
• 1999

This study was intended to make an inquiry into the effect of lines, shapes and colors (achromatic colors) as apparel design elements on the perceptions of facial size, brightness and shape through an empirical research based on the theories of visual perception and optical illusion that have been studied in Gestalt Psychology, which becomes the basis of apparel design principles. It was shown that the facial size was influenced by the collar size, the degree of neckline cut, and the thickness of the trimming line. The white scarf with the white jacket made the face look darkest while the black scarf with the black jacket made the face look brightest. When the neckline had the characteristic of the line contrasted with the facial shape, the oval-shaped face was perceived to be the most ideal. When the facial shape and the neckline shape were similar, the facial shape was perceived to be more highlighted.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.7-9
• /
• 2015

Purpose In the many face-related application such as head pose estimation, 3D face modeling, facial appearance manipulation, the robust and fast facial feature extraction is necessary. We present the facial feature extraction method based on shape regression and feature selection for real-time facial feature extraction. Materials and Methods The facial features are initialized by statistical shape model and then the shape of facial features are deformed iteratively according to the texture pattern which is selected on the feature pool. Results We obtain fast and robust facial feature extraction result with error less than 4% and processing time less than 12 ms. The alignment error is measured by average of ratio of pixel difference to inter-ocular distance. Conclusion The accuracy and processing time of the method is enough to apply facial feature based application and can be used on the face beautification or 3D face modeling.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.938-948
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 2003년에서 2004년에 실시된 제 5차 한국인 인체치수 조사사업을 통해 확보된 측정사진 중 성인여성 20, 30, 40, 50대 각 150명, 총 600명의 정면과 측면 얼굴사진을 대상으로 얼굴의 연령별 특성을 파악하는데 필요하다고 판단되는 62개의 측정항목과 보다 세부적인 얼굴형태의 분석에 활용될 수 있는 21개의 지수 및 계산항목 총 83개 항목을 본 연구자가 선정한 후 Size Kroea 사업 중 얼굴의 측정 프로그램으로 사용되었던 "Venus face2D"를 이용하여 2차원 간접 측정하였다. 간접 측정기간은 2006년 3월 1일부터 6월 30일까지였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 성인여성의 주요 측정항목에 대한 평균 측정치는 얼굴길이 196mm, 상안 62.3mm, 중안 68.9mm, 하안 66.5mm이었고, 이마너비는 125.1mm, 눈살수평너비는 141.2mm, 옆광대점너비 150.8mm 턱아래점너비 124.4mm였다. 이를 바탕으로 우리나라 성인여성 얼굴의 세부항목에 대한 연령집단별 차이를 분석하였으며, 전체 성인여성의 평균 얼굴형과 더불어 각 연령집단별 평균 얼굴형을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 정량화된 수치와 비율을 이용하여 우리나라 성인여성 및 각 연령별 평균 얼굴형을 제시하고, 연령별 얼굴특성을 분석하였다는데 연구의 의의가 있다.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.28-39
• /
• 2005

This chapter presents how 'optical illusion' works in applying makeup and how to differentiate the direction, location and shape at eyebrow lines in the aspect at physiognomy. For this study, employed were five types of face shape produced by Photoshop program - round, square, long, inverted triangle. and diamond. The best-matched facial shape was examined through a questionnaire research after applying the optical illusion of eyebrow lines to the five types of face shape. The results were revealed to be identical to ones presented in make-up teaching materials. In conclusion, it was found that well-matched shape and size of eyebrow could make some changes in the facial impression, changing the face shape into oval shape. The facial line can be modified and supplemented by reshaping such facial parts as the eyebrow, producing well-balanced facial shape. Consequently, make-up was proved to be one of the methods which can be used to create social and psychological effect which can make a favorable facial impression and individuality, natural impression and image making depending on different purposes, taking advantage of optical illusion effect.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.164-172
• /
• 2008

A face is the place where individuals can first give their images visually. This chapter presents how 'Visual optical illusion' works in applying makeup and how to differentiate the direction, location and shape of Lip in the aspect of physiognomy. For this study, employed were five types of face shape produced by Photoshop program. The best-matched facial shape was examined through a questionnaire research after applying the optical illusion of Lip to the five types of face shape. The results were revealed to be identical to ones presented in make-up teaching materials. In conclusion, it was found that well-matched shape and size of Lip could make some changes in the facial impression, changing the face shape into oval shape. The facial line can be modified and supplemented by reshaping such facial parts as the Lip, producing well-balanced facial shape. Consequently, make-up was proved to be one of the methods which can be used to create social and psychological effect which can make a favorable facial impression and individuality, natural impression and image making depending on different purposes, taking advantage of optical illusion effect.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제22권8호
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2022

얼굴 표정은 영화나 애니메이션에서 캐릭터의 특징을 나타내기 위한 중요한 수단이며, 페이셜 캡쳐 기술은 3D 캐릭터의 페이셜 애니메이션 제작을 보다 빠르고 효과적으로 지원할 수 있다. 블렌드쉐입(blendshape) 기법은 고품질의 3D 얼굴 애니메이션을 생성하기 위해 가장 널리 사용되는 방법이지만, 전통적인 블렌드쉐입은 제작에 시간이 오래 걸리는 경우가 많다. 따라서 블렌드쉐입의 제작 기간을 줄이기 위해 전통적인 제작의 효과에 크게 뒤지지 않는 결과를 얻으려는 것이 이번 연구의 목적이다. 본문은 블렌드쉐입의 제작을 위해 크로스 모델(Cross-Model)로 블렌드쉐입을 전달 방법을 사용하고, 전통적인 블렌드쉐입의 제작 방법과 비교하여 새로운 방식의 타당성을 검증하였다. 이번 연구는 언리얼 엔진이 개발한 키트 보이(kite boy)를 실험 대상으로 삼고, 각각 두 가지 블렌드쉐입 제작 기법을 사용하여 페이셜 캡처 테스트를 실시하고, 블렌드쉐입과 연동된 얼굴 표정 제작 방법의 효과를 비교 분석하였다.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보과학회 2004년도 봄 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.1 (B)
• /
• pp.715-717
• /
• 2004

This paper proposes a new reconstruction method of high-resolution facial image from a low-resolution facial image based on a recursive error back-projection of top-down machine learning. A face is represented by a linear combination of prototypes of shape and texture. With the shape and texture information about the pixels in a given low-resolution facial image, we can estimate optimal coefficients for a linear combination of prototypes of shape and those of texture by solving least square minimization. Then high-resolution facial image can be obtained by using the optimal coefficients for linear combination of the high-resolution prototypes, In addition to, a recursive error back-projection is applied to improve the accuracy of synthesized high-resolution facial image. The encouraging results of the proposed method show that our method can be used to improve the performance of the face recognition by applying our method to reconstruct high-resolution facial images from low-resolution one captured at a distance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제9권9호
• /
• pp.3685-3700
• /
• 2015

To avoid influences caused by pose, illumination and facial expression variations, we propose a robust three-step algorithm based on ASM and POEM for facial landmark localization. Firstly, Model Selection Factor is utilized to achieve a pose-free initialized shape. Then, we use the global shape model of ASM to describe the whole face and the texture model POEM to adjust the position of each landmark. Thirdly, a second localization is presented to discriminatively refine the subtle shape variation for some organs and contours. Experiments are conducted in four main face datasets, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately localizes facial landmarks and outperforms other state-of-the-art methods.