• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.464-471
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• 2023

본 논문에서는 StyleGAN Encoder를 활용한 표정 이미지 생성에서의 연령 왜곡을 감소시키는 방법을 제안한다. 표정 이미지 생성 과정은 StyleGAN Encoder를 사용하여 얼굴 이미지를 생성하고, SVM을 이용하여 학습된 boundary를 잠재 벡터에 적용하여 표정을 변화시킨다. 그러나 웃는 표정의 boundary를 학습할 때 표정 변화에 따른 연령 왜곡이 발생한다. 웃는 표정에 대한 SVM 학습에서 생성된 smile boundary는 표정 변화로 인해 생긴 주름이 학습 요소로 포함되어 있으며 연령에 대한 특성도 함께 학습된 것으로 판단한다. 이를 해결하기 위해, 제안된 방법에서는 smile boundary와 age boundary의 상관계수를 계산하고, 이를 이용하여 smile boundary에서 age boundary를 상관계수에 비례하여 조절하는 방식을 도입한다. 제안된 방법의 효과를 확인하기 위해 공개된 표준 얼굴 데이터셋인 FFHQ 데이터셋을 사용하고 FID score를 측정하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. Smile 이미지에서는 기존 방법에 비하여, Ground Truth와 제안된 방법으로 생성된 smile 이미지의 FID score가 약 0.46 향상되었다. 또한, Smile 이미지에서 기존 방법에 비하여, StyleGAN Encoder로 생성된 이미지와 제안된 방법으로 생성된 smile 이미지의 FID score가 약 1.031 향상되었다. Non-smile 이미지에서는 기존 방법에 비하여, Ground Truth와 본 논문에서 제안된 방법으로 생성된 non-smile 이미지의 FID score가 약 2.25 향상되었다. 또한, Non-smile 이미지에서 기존 방법에 비하여, StyleGAN Encoder로 생성된 이미지와 제안된 방법으로 생성된 non-smile 이미지의 FID score가 약 약 1.908 향상됨을 확인하였다. 한편, 각 생성된 표정 이미지의 연령을 추정하여 StyleGAN Encoder로 생성된 이미지의 추정된 연령과 MSE를 측정한 결과, 기존방법 대비 제안하는 방법이 smile 이미지에서 약 1.5, non-smile 이미지에서 약 1.63의 성능 향상되어 제안한 방법에 대한 성능의 효율성이 입증되었다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 표정 감지 시스템을 통한 직장 생활을 하는 1인 가구의 정신질환 발병 위험도를 분석하는 로봇을 설계 및 구현한다. 복합적인 사회적 요인들로 인해 1인 가구의 수와 그 비율은 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 또한, 다인 가구 대비 1인 가구의 정신질환 유병률도 큰 차이를 보인다. 정신질병을 가진 환자는 대부분 스스로 질병을 인지하지 못하기 때문에 전문의와의 상담 및 치료를 하지 못하고 방치되는 경우가 빈번하다. 본 논문에서는 표정 감지 시스템 구축을 Thecorpora 사에서 제작한 소셜 로봇 Q.bo One에 구축하여 직장 생활을 하는 1인 가구의 정신질환 발병 위험도를 분석하도록 설계 및 구현한다. Q.bo One은 아두이노와 라즈베리파이 및 기타 센서들로 구성된 소셜 로봇으로 사용자가 구현하고자 하는 방향에 맞추어 센서를 감지하고 그에 반응 할 수 있도록 제작된 로봇이다. 미국 정신의학회에서 제공한 정신질환의 기준 DSM-5를 기반으로 정신질환 발병 위험도를 구체화하고, Q.bo One이 대상의 얼굴 표정을 1주~2주간 분석하여 정신질환 발병 위험도를 측정하고 위험도가 높을 경우 전문의와의 상담 및 치료를 유도하도록 설계한다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.995-1000
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• 2014

This study, using the free language association method, examined the characteristics of emotional words of respondents who were exposed to facial photos of women in 60s, and favorableness and favorable styles of them. To analyze mood characteristics on the faces, they were divided into positive mood words and negative mood words. Following previous researches, they were divided into introversion, extraversion, and ambiversion. It was found that the proportion of positive emotional words respondents used was 37%, and that of negative ones was 63%, demonstrating that respondents are more likely than not to get the negative impressions from the faces of their contemporaries. The characteristics of the words consists of 38% introversion, 47% extraversion, and 14% ambiversion. And, respondents used the words like 'beautiful' and 'good-looking' to the stimuli to which they felt favorable, and 'ill-tempered' and 'stubborn' to the stimuli to which they felt unfavorable. Third, the most favorable style to both male and female respondents in 60s were sentimental and good-mannered. They generally favor women who are soft and caring, and dislike talkative, snobbish, and thick make-up women. The analysis results in this paper may help image making and personal relations. Further study needs to expand the survey area to ensure more significant influence on the social life and interpersonal relationship of senior citizens.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2004

3D 캐릭터 애니메이션은 영화, 광고, 게임, 사이버아이돌 등 다양한 엔터테인먼트 요소로 하여 영상산업에서 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 기술적인 발달로 3D 캐릭터 애니메이션은 다양한 연출과 사실적인 표현이 가능하였지만 인체 해부학적 이해가 없이 캐릭터를 제작한다면 비례와 구조에 맞지 않은 캐릭터가 제작되어 진다. 인체 해부학은 신체구조를 해부학으로 분석하여 캐릭터 모델링 제작에 많은 도움을 주고, 캐릭터 애니메이션을 제작할 때도 신체 움직임이나 얼굴표정을 정밀하게 제작할 수 있는 기본 지식이라 할 수 있다. 이에 본고에서는 인체의 구조와 인체의 비례를 살펴보고 인체 해부학적 이해를 바탕으로 3D 캐릭터 모델링과 애니메이션 제작방법에 중점을 두었다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.52-58
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• 2015

Background The erbium:yttrium scandium gallium garnet (Er:YSGG) laser differs from other laser techniques by having a faster and higher cure rate. Since the Er:YSGG laser causes an appropriate proportion of ablation and coagulation, it has advantages over the conventional carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser and the erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, including heating tendencies and explosive vaporization. This research was conducted to explore the effects and safety of the Er:YSGG laser. Methods Twenty patients participated in the pilot study of a resurfacing system using a 2,790-nm Er:YSGG laser. All patients received facial treatment by the 2,790-nm Er:YSGG laser system (Cutera) twice with a 4-week interval. Wrinkle reduction, reduction in pigment inhomogeneity, and improvement in tone and texture were measured. Results Study subjects included 15 women and five men. Re-epithelization occurred in all subjects 3 to 4 days after treatment, and wrinkle reduction, reduction in pigment inhomogeneity, and improvement in tone and texture within 6 months of treatment. Conclusions The 2,790-nm YSGG laser technique had fewer complications and was effective in the improvement of scars, pores, wrinkles, and skin tone and color with one or two treatments. We expect this method to be effective for people with acne scars, pore scars, deep wrinkles, and uneven skin texture and color.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2008

Purpose: Variation in the morphology of gingival papilla may be determined by the shape and position of anatomic crown as well as contact area and embrasure form of individual teeth. However, periodontal biotype classification is regarded to be subjective because of the lack of definite criteria. In this study, we defined the objective parameters which constitute the periodontal biotype and measured their relationship. Materials and Methods: 109 of dental casts were prepared using three dimensional scanner and specialized reconstruction software, then acquiredvirtual models were sent to the 20 professional dentists to define the specific periodontal biotypes. Several parameters around periodontal structures were measured from the virtual models; facial surface area of the anterior tooth (AT), anterior papillary area (AP), proportion of the dento-papillary complex, clinical papillary length (PL), and clinical papillary angle (PA). Statistical analysis was performed to confirm the relationship among parameters. Results: Coincidence rate of periodontal biotype within observers was $63.77{\pm}16.05%$. Coincidence rate between observers was $76.15{\pm}16.43%$. Among the parameters measured, PL showed the most positive correlations and PA presented the most negative correlations. The parameter of the AP and PL of six maxillary anterior teeth showed significant correlation coefficient. Conclusion: Anterior papillary area and clinical papillary length would be objective parameters for determining the consistent periodontal biotypes.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2001

Cystic lesion of the jaw are frequently encountered clinically. Although they rarely lead to development of tumors, they can result in resorption of the jaw bone or asymmetry of the face may occur. The purpose of this study is to find the clinical and histopathological pattern of cysts and to help better understanding for the diagnosis and treatment of jaw cysts. The hospital chart, out-patient chart, panorama X-ray, histopathological report and operation report of 246 patients were reviewed who had been diagnosed as cyst. Sex distribution, age distribution, classification, anatomic distribution, clinical sign & symptoms, treatment, post-operation complications, recurrence rate were studied. Then significant difference between the diameter of cyst with bone graft and none-bone graft was calculated with SAS program. The results were as follows. 1. Among the total patient of 246 cases, male were 163 case(67.0%), and female were 83 case(37.0%), male predominated by the ratio of 1.98. 2. By age group, the 20's accounted for the largest proportion of the cases(27.2%) and the 30' accounted for the 2nd largest proportion of the case(19.5%). 3. Radicular cyst and dentigerous cyst were most common cysts, irrespective of 166 case(67.5%) and 62 case(25.2%). 4. Clinical sign & symptoms were swelling(167case), pain(85case), pus discharge(53case), teeth discoloration(28case), indicating that most complaints were related to inflammation and facial asymmetry. 4.9% of the total cases were discovered accidentally. 5. The primary site of cysts were maxillary anterior area(43.9%), the others were, in descending order, mandibular posterior area(25.6%), maxillary posterior area(14.6%). 6. Enucleation with endodontic treatment was a main treatment method(133 case, 54.1%) and 38 cases(15.4%) were enucleation with extraction, and 37 cases(15.0%) were only enucleation, and 21 cases(8.5%) were enucleation with bone graft. 7. The average diameter of cysts with bone graft was significally greater than with non-bone graft(p<0.05). 8. Post-operation complications occurred in 10 case(4.1%), all of this were due to secondary infection.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.314-320
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• 2017

상악 전치부 같은 심미성이 요구되는 부위의 치료 시에는 주위조직과 조화를 이루며 미소선, 연조직 및 경조직의 형태뿐아니라 치아의 해부학적 형태와 비율을 고려하여야 한다. 심미분석은 교합평면과 수평적 기준선간의 적절한 평행성을 평가하는 안면분석, 절치 절연부의 위치와 교합평면과 구각선 사이의 조화로움을 평가하는 치아입술분석, 심미성뿐만 아니라 적절한 기능을 위한 형태와 외형을 평가하는 치아분석, 치은 변연의 이상적인 윤곽을 형성하는 치은분석 등의 방법이 있다. 상악의 치간 이개는 체계적인 진단과 치료 계획을 통해서 심미적으로 수복할 수 있으며 교정, 보철, 보존적인 치료방법이 사용될 수 있다.

• 복식
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.42-53
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to study doll's symbolism representing our social culture and the characteristics of clothing design. The ball joint doll was selected, that are pretty much resembled to human body in terms of facial expression, body proportion, joint movement, etc. Results of research are summarized as follows: the ball joint doll is indicated a doll whose joints are free to move with a round shaped joint, which originated by Yochilya simon, who adopted German Hans Bellmer's method.'rho ball joint doll, first, there appeared state of human isolation due to the material civilization and industrial revolution, and trend of adhering to one's own world made human possess dolls. Second, according to the doll play became a representing play culture among Kidult culture, dolls, that are resembled with human being, were recognized as personalized objects. Third, along of expanding digital culture that makes easy to exchange information via Internet, so, ball joint doll market is growing fast, for which various levels of mania are being formed. Take a look at the doll fashion in modern society. In accordance to form of Look, it is largely categorized Young Casual look, Office look, Ethnic look and Military look. When take a look at design specialty, young casual look was presented as a comfortable silhouette and also made of elastic materials and expressed vivid bright tones. Office look image was expressed as a suit of jacket with skirt, and cotton wool polyester materials and acro-matic colors. Ethnic look was represented by Japanese traditional dress and Chinese traditional clothing. The Military look was generally emphasized army uniforms of straight silhouette and shoulder straps.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2010

Purpose: Women have desired for beauty. And many side effects of plastic surgery have been proven. So safe treatment is expected in recent years. To develop oriental medical treatment on women's cosmetic area, the studies that prove the effect and principle of oriental treatment will be conducted. So, we want to know what kind of research have been done. Methods: We researched for paper which is associated with the cosmetic acupuncture in the Korean journals. The research date is 10th May, 2010. Results: 15 papers were found. Most of papers were written since the year of 2006. And most of papers are written in the Journal of Korean Acupunture & Moxibustion Society. And most of papers deal with subjects about facial acupucture. Conclusion: There is a lack of research on cosmetic area with oriental treatment, so further reseach is needed to comprise large proportion of cosmetic area.