• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.170-181
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• 1996

Objective : This study was tried to investigate the specific relationships among cognitve function, neurbehavioral symptoms, and daily living functions, as well as provide the guidline of more proper clinical approches for patients with subcortical cerebrovascular disease. Objects and Methods Subjects were 85 patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by brain CT or MRI and controls were 195 normal persons matched by educational level with the subjects. The cognitive functions were evaluated by BNA(Benton neuropsychiatric assessment), subjective neurobehavioral symptoms by SCL-90-R(Sympton Check List-90-Revised), objective neurobehavioral symptoms by NRS(Neurobehavioral Rating Scale), and daily living function symptoms by NRS(Neurobehavioral Rating Scale), and daily living function by GERRI(Geriatric Evaluation by Relative's Rating Instrument) and IADL(Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale). Results: 1) Subjects showed significantly lower cognitive functions than controls in all tests of BNA except Lt-Rt Orientation Test(p=0.09) and facial Recognition Test(p=0.186). 2) In subjective neurobehavioral symptoms, subjects showed significantly lower scores in all symptoms except anxiety(p=0.059), hostility(p=0.159), and phobic anxiety(p=0.849). But in objects neurobehavioral symptoms, subjects showed significantly higher in scores in psychoticism (p=0.000) and neuroticism(p=0.025) of NRS. 3) The score of social functioning of GERRI(p=0.000) and that of IADL(p=0.000) were significantly higher in subjects than in controls. 4) for correlation between cognitive and daily living functions, there were significant correlations between the scores of all items on BNA and the score of cognitive or social function of GERRI and the socre of MDL in corntrols, whereas in subjects, there were significant correlations only between the scores of BNA and the score of IADL. 5) for correlation between neuroehavioral symptoms and daily living functions, there were significant correlatons between the socre of subjective neurobehavioral symptoms and the scores of all subscales of GERRI and the score of MDL in controls. On the contrary, in subjects, there were significant correlations between the score of social function of GERRI and the score of objective neurobehavioral symptoms such as psychoticism, agitiation-hostility, and decrease d motivation-emotional withdrawl. Conclusion : Above results suggest that disturbances in specific function of brain may play a role as a predictor of impairments with specific daily living functions and also suggest that specific correlations among various functions may be useful as clinical parameters for setting of the treatment goal and for assessing the ongoing process in the treatment and rehavilitation of the patients with subcortical cerebrovascular disease.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Mastication is the process to help digestion by chewing or grinding food. Masticatory system consists of maxilla, mandible, temporomandibular joints, ligaments, dentitions, and musculatures. Assessing the bite force can be one of the methods to estimate the masticatory system. Bite force is influenced by facial morphology, age, sex, periodontal status, temporomandibular joint disorder and dental condition, and so forth. In general, higher maximum bite force is seen in those who have a square-shaped face and in male rather than female. In addition, bite force tends to be increased by age 20, maintained constantly until age 40 - 50, and then decreased. Periodontal disease is known as a causative factor for decreased bite force while temporomandibular disorder (TMD) remains controversial as to whether it affects the force. The status of teeth is considered as an important factor to determine the maximum bite force.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.271-279
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• 2012

Objective: This study classified three different emotional states(boredom, pain, and surprise) using physiological signals. Background: Emotion recognition studies have tried to recognize human emotion by using physiological signals. It is important for emotion recognition to apply on human-computer interaction system for emotion detection. Method: 122 college students participated in this experiment. Three different emotional stimuli were presented to participants and physiological signals, i.e., EDA(Electrodermal Activity), SKT(Skin Temperature), PPG(Photoplethysmogram), and ECG (Electrocardiogram) were measured for 1 minute as baseline and for 1~1.5 minutes during emotional state. The obtained signals were analyzed for 30 seconds from the baseline and the emotional state and 27 features were extracted from these signals. Statistical analysis for emotion classification were done by DFA(discriminant function analysis) (SPSS 15.0) by using the difference values subtracting baseline values from the emotional state. Results: The result showed that physiological responses during emotional states were significantly differed as compared to during baseline. Also, an accuracy rate of emotion classification was 84.7%. Conclusion: Our study have identified that emotions were classified by various physiological signals. However, future study is needed to obtain additional signals from other modalities such as facial expression, face temperature, or voice to improve classification rate and to examine the stability and reliability of this result compare with accuracy of emotion classification using other algorithms. Application: This could help emotion recognition studies lead to better chance to recognize various human emotions by using physiological signals as well as is able to be applied on human-computer interaction system for emotion recognition. Also, it can be useful in developing an emotion theory, or profiling emotion-specific physiological responses as well as establishing the basis for emotion recognition system in human-computer interaction.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.101-105
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• 1998

Compound comminuted mandibular fracture is defined as the presence of multiple fracture lines with open wound resulting in many small pieces within the same area. The incidence of mandibular comminution is difficult to determine but reported as 2.7~18.6 % incidence among mandibular fractures. There are controversies in the treatment of mandibular comminuted fractures. Treatment of comminuted mandibular fracture has traditionally involved closed reduction in an effort to avoid stripping periostcum from the bony segments, but rigid internal rigid fixation is used more popular at present. The extent of comminution, displacement of bony fragments and patient general conditions are important factors in decision of the treatment methods. When significant bone displacement is present, it is necessary to reduce these comminuted fragments to an anatomic, pretraumatic relationship to restore facial form and function. In these cases, ORIF allows anantomic reduction of comminuted segments as well as pretraumatic occlusion. Gentle handling of the soft tissue, rigid fixation of bony fragments and adequate immobilization are essential for reducing the complications. This is the report the incidence, causes, complications and treatment of the patients who visited our department for compound comminuted mandibular fractures.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.588-591
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• 2010

Parotid deep lobe tumors usually has been treated by total parotidectomy. But there is functional and aesthetic side effects such as post parotidectomy depressions, variable aesthetic deformities, facial nerve injury and Frey's syndrome. Conservative limited deep parotidectomy may result in fewer side effect. Preservation of the superficial lobe for deep lobe tumors could decrease the incidence of complications without any problems in the treatment effect. Additionally, the parotid function preservation and cosmetic appearance after operation also satisfy both the patients and surgeons. We report a case of pleomorphic adenoma of the deep lobe which has been successfully treated by conservative deep parotidectomy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.548-552
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• 2010

The submandibular gland is the second largest major salivary gland, which secretes 40% of the total daily saliva. Owing to its anatomic characteristics as well as the high viscosity and basicity of the saliva, sialolithiasis is found most commonly in the submandibular gland. Sialolithiasis that cannot be treated by conservative treatment is conventionally removed by an excision of the submandibular gland. Generally, an excision of the submandibular gland is performed via an extra-oral approach but the disadvantages of this treatment include a risk of injuring the facial nerve and scar formation. Case reports have revealed an even less invasive intraoral surgical technique for the removal of sialolith that does not affect the submandibular gland function. The functional recovery of the gland, complications and recurrence rates after surgery with this conservative intraoral procedure were all successful. We report 5 patients from the department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Dental Hospital, Yonsei University, who had undergone a resection of the sialolith though the intraoral approach with successful results.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.347-353
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• 2018

Gradual attrition is a normal process of aging, but severe attrition causes occlusal disharmony, functional disorder and esthetic problems. The collapse of posterior support may cause attrition of anterior teeth, and loss of occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). And it induces the pathologic change of the TMJ, unaesthetic facial appearance and decreased masticatory function. In this case, 70 year-old male presented with decreased vertical dimension and esthetic problems due to worn dentition. Based on assessment of intraoral findings, diagnostic cast and radiographic examination, full-mouth rehabilitation with increase of OVD was planned. After 10 month follow-up, occlusal stability is maintained and through this procedure, satisfactory outcomes were achieved in esthetic and functional aspects.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-61
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• 1985

The surgical treatment of advanced carcinomas and some benign tumors having clinically malignant behaviors of the head and neck region often require extensive resection, necessitating large flaps for reconstruction. Since the original upper arm flap was described by Tagliacozzi in 1597, a variety of technique such as random pattern local flap, axial flap, distant flap, scalping flap, myocutaneous flap, free flap etc. have been proposed for reconstruction of head, face and neck defects. Reconstruction of the facial defects usually require the use of distant tissue. Traditionally, nasal reconstruction has been carried out with a variety of forehead flaps. In recent years, there has been more acceptance of immediate repairs following the removal of these tumors. As a result, patients are more willing to undergo these extensive resections to improve their chances of cure, with the reasonable expectation that an immediate reconstruction will provide an adequate cosmetic result. Authors experienced 13 cases of head and neck tumor during last three and half years that required wide excision and immediate reconstruction with various flaps, not with primary closure or simple skin graft. We present our experience with varied flaps for reconstruction after wide resection of head and neck tumors 3 cases of defect of dorsum of nose or medial canthus with island forehead flaps, lower eyelid defect with cheek flap, cheek defect with Limberg flap, orbital floor defect with Temporalis muscle flap, lateral neck defects with Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap or Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous free flap, subtotal nose defect with scalping flap, wide forehead defect with Dorsalis pedis free flap and 3 cases of mandibular defect or mandibular defect combined with lower lip defect were reconstructed with free vascularized iliac bone graft or free vascularized iliac bone graft concomitantly combined with free groin flap pedicled on deep circumflex iliac vessels We obtained satisfactory results coincided wi th goal of treatment of head and neck tumors, MAXIMAL CURE RATE with MINIMAL MORBIDITY, OPTIMAL FUNCTION, and an APPEARANCE as close to normal as possible.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2007

After Tennison introduced a triangular flap method which, for the first time, preserved the Cupid's bow, Randall gave this method a sound mathematical basis. This method is also called as an inferior triangular cheiloplasty which is characterized by making a small triangular flap from the lateral border of cleft destined to be fitted into an incision on the medial side of cleft. He postulated that the height obtained was equal to the sum of the median of the two triangles used in the cheiloplasty. Using this technique, a 22 month-old male patient with incomplete unilateral cleft lip was corrected primarily. The deviation of the columella and flattening of the nostril on the cleft side were minimal. The operation was done under general anesthesia and patient was healed uneventfully. We tried to improve the symmetry and esthetic feature of philtrum, nostril sill, alar-facial groove, preventing the notch formation on the nostril floor, and to reconstruct the muscle sling in the upper part of lip. The shape of Cupid's bow was restored, and the symmetry of columella was regained as a result. In summary, the inferior triangular cheiloplasty is effective to correct the primary unilateral cleft lip, results in the restoration of favorable anatomy and function.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.222-225
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• 2006

The treatment objective of mandibular fracture is a return to normal function. According to Champy, a rigid fixation of mandibular angle fracture is performed by using 4 or 6 holes titanium miniplates on the external oblique ridge of mandible. However, the limitations of metal plate such as hypersensitivity, interference with the cranio-facial growth of growing child, secondary bone resorption around the plate, foreign body reaction, declination of primary callus formation, and bone atrophy due to the lack of normal stress reaction of the bone have been reported. Recently, biodegradable miniplate has been introduced and used as an alternative to the metal plate despite its lower strength than that of the titanium plate and the side effect caused by the resorption in the body. In this study, 61 patients diagnosed as mandibular angle fracture and treated from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2004 in our department have been reviewed. Metal plate fixation was used in 50 patients and biodegradable plate fixation in 11 patients on the external oblique ridge around the fractured mandibular angle according to the principle of monocortical osteosynthesis by Champy. We compared the incidence of side effects and the degree of bony union at the mandibular inferior border in two different fixation methods. In conclusion, we have found that one miniplate regardless of matter could provide enough strength to grasp bony fragments of the tension site and compress the inferior border of mandible without any complications.