• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2007

Purpose: Aging society was realized after persons over 65 was rated above 7% in 2000. It is inevitable fact that society gets older. Few study about facial bone fracture in elderly was reported until now. This study provides a retrospective statistical analysis of facial bone fracture and reports of some demographical information from medical records. Methods: From January 2000 to December 2005, 123 cases of facial bone fracture in above 55 year-old persons were reviewed and analysed. Statistic data was related to distribution, age, sex, causes, occupations, occurrence, time, incidence of facial bone fracture, treatment and it's complications. Results: Facial bone fractures in elderly tend to increase and rated to 4.7%. Facial bone fractures in elderly were most frequently occurred in farmers, cultivator accidents and zygoma fractures. A few minor complications were checked, but easily improved. Conclusion: Facial bone fractures in elderly have small proportion of the whole facial bone fractures, but gradually have been increased. This study was observed trends in changes of facial bone fracture in elderly for 5 years and expected to provide statistical index to prevent facial bone fracture in elderly.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.440-444
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• 2006

Purpose: The nasal bone fracture is the most common type of facial bone fracture. In making a diagnosis, physical findings are much more important than the simple radiologic findings. Facial bone CAT scan can provide the accurate diagnosis and the correct location of nasal bone fractures, so it can be lessoned with proper intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of facial bone CAT scan in the diagnosis of nasal bone fractures. Methods: The medical records and facial bone CAT scan of 45 patients clinically suspected nasal bone fracture but was not diagnosed on simple radiologic findings were analyzed. Results: All of the 45 patients were confirmed as nasal bone fractures in the facial bone CAT scan. The most common cause of fracture was assault. The mean age was 23.2 years. Physical findings were tenderness (100%), swelling(93.3%), epistaxis(66.6%), deviation (42.2 %), external wound(17.7%) and crepitus(4.4%) in order. Conclusions: It was concluded that the simple radiologic findings can not be conclusive, where the physical findings indicate a suspected nasal bone fracture. The facial bone CAT scan was more reliable for the correct diagnosis and follow-on treatment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.140-145
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• 2014

Purpose: This study examined patients with facial bone fracture visiting Pusan National University Dental Hospital to understand the trends, and to enhance appropriate care and treatment for patients with facial bone fracture. Methods: We investigated 531 patients presenting with facial bone fracture in Yangsan and 802 patients in Busan from January 2010 to December 2013. We divided the patients by year, month, gender, age, site, and cause to compare with historic data and other studies. Results: The gender ratio was 3.58:1 in Yangsan and 4.31:1 in Busan. Patients aged in their 20s had the highest number of facial bone fractures in both Yangsan and Busan. The most frequent fracture site was the mandible, and the most frequent cause was slip down in both Yangsan and Busan. Conclusion: The investigation and comparison of patients with facial bone fracture who visited Pusan National University Hospital located at Yangsan and Busan from 2010 to 2013 found a difference in the total number of patients at each hospital, but the trends were not significantly different.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.136-142
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• 2015

Background: The incidence and etiology of facial bone fracture differ widely according to time and geographic setting. Because of this, prevention and management of facial bone fracture requires ongoing research. This study examines the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence of facial bone fractures in patients who had been admitted for facial bone fractures. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for all patients admitted for facial bone fracture at the National Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) from 2010 to 2014. We sought correlations amongst age, gender, fracture type, injury mechanism, alcohol consumption, and type of medical insurance. Results: Out of the 303 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 214 (70.6%) patients were enrolled in National Health Insurance (NHI), 46 (15.2%) patients had Medical Aid, and 43 (14.2%) patients were homeless. The main causes of facial bone fractures were accidental trauma (51.4%), physical altercation (23.1%), and traffic accident (14.2%). On Pearson's chi-square test, alcohol consumption was correlated significantly with accidental trauma (p<0.05). And, the ratio of alcohol consumption leading to facial bone fractures differed significantly in the homeless group compared to the NHI group and the Medical Aid group (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found a significant inverse correlation between economic status and the incidence of facial bone fractures caused by alcohol consumption. Our findings indicate that more elaborate guidelines and prevention programs are needed for socioeconomically marginalized populations.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1533-1537
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• 2004

This study shows that oriental medical treatment affected a patient with headache, dizziness, dim eyes, facial palsy and hard-of-hearing caused by traumatic temporal and occipital bone fracture. Traumatic facial palsy mainly occures by temporal bone fracture. Facial palsy caused by traumatic temporal bone fracture corresponds to gu-an-wa-sha (口眼?斜)of oriental medicine. Functional disorder of an auditory organ corresponds to yi-rong(耳聾) and hyun-hoon(眩暈) of oriental medicine. In general, everyone consider surgical operation first of all, in the case of having traumatic facial nerve paralysis. But, this case shows that oriental medical treatments(acupuncture and herbal medicine) have a good effect on a patient with traumatic temporal and occipital bone fracture.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2011

Purpose: The human face is the most exposed part of the body, and in patients with simple or complex trauma from traffic accidents, industrial calamities, sports injuries, human assaults, and daily accidents, facial trauma occupies an important portion. The etiology of facial trauma vary on a society's economic, cultural, and environmental status. Methods: Regarding patients who were admitted from between the years 2000 to 2009 at the Hanyang University hospital, the authors studied how the changes in the economic status in the past 10 years of our country influences the incidence of facial bone fractures. Results: In this study, 1) The unemployment rate showed a strong negative relationship with the total number of inpatients with facial bone fractures, the number of male patients, the number of female patients, the number of patients with facial bone fractures caused by fall down, the number of patients who were admitted for shorter than 7 days, and the number of the facial bone fracture patients with their age in the twenties. 2) The consumer price index showed a strong positive relationship with the number of female patients, the number of patients who were admitted for shorter than 7 days, and the number of the facial bone fracture patients with their age in the teens and fifties. Conclusion: Looking at the results of correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis with economic indicators, the unemployment rate showed negative influence to the total number of inpatients with facial bone fractures, and the number of inpatients with facial bone fractures caused by fall down, with statistical significance.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.775-782
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• 2011

Purpose: Nasal bone fracture is most common facial bone fracture. The cause of fractures is mainly trauma such as fighting, automobile accident and fall down, and it commonly involves young males. Very frequently nasal bone fractures are associated with other facial injuries such as orbital bone fracture, maxillary bone fracture and nasal septal deformities. Because of various dynamic directions of power are involved, phenomenon of fractures are also various and treatment cannot be simple. Methods: We studied and analyzed retrospectively 452 cases nasal bone fractures from January 2008 to December 2010. Diagnosis were made with physical examination, Nasal bone X-rays, Facial bone CT and 3D facial bone CT. Four surgeons are involved in treatments of these patients and applied different procedure along patient's condition and deformity. We analyzed the cause of nasal bone fractures, deformities, associate injuries and applied surgical technique, and patient's satisfaction rate. In this study, old nasal bone fractures were excluded. Results: Young male group was most commonly sustained nasal bone fracture and physical violence was most common cause of injury. 64 of 452 patient was involved associate injuries of face. Closed reduction were applied 246 cases and C-arm quide reduction were 167 cases and in 20 cases lateral osteotomy were applied. Approximately, more than 80% of the Patients were satisfied with the outcomes. Conclusion: Diagnosis and treatment of nasal bone fractures are considered simple but because of various deformity and associate injuries, treatment is not always simple and universal. Time to time, we face unsatisfied patient after treatment of nasal bone fractures. For obtaining satisfactory result, cause of injury and state of deformities and associate injuries such as nasal septal deformity should be evaluated properly and proper treatment should be applied.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.181-185
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• 2016

Panfacial bone fracture is challenging. Even experienced surgeons find restoration of original facial architecture difficult because of the severe degree of fragmentation and loss of reference segments that could guide the start of facial reconstruction. To restore the facial contour, surgeons usually follow a general sequence for panfacial bone reduction. Among the sequences, the bottom-to-top and outside-in sequence is reported to be the most widely used in recent publications. However, a single sequence cannot be applied to all cases of panfacial fractures because of the variations in panfacial bone fracture patterns. In this article, we intend to find the reference and discuss the efficacy of inside-out sequence in facial bone fracture reconstruction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.313-317
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• 2000

Return of facial nerve function is important in patients with facial nerve paralysis by trauma. Sometimes, delay in diagnosis of facial nerve paralysis make recovery of facial nerve function difficult. Traumatic facial palsy mostly occur after temporal bone fracture in unilateral. Temporal bone fracture after head trauma are divided into the three group; longitudinal fracture, transverse fracture and mixed fracture. The most common symptoms are hearing impairment, bloody otorrhea, loss of consciousness and facial nerve paralysis. The early care of temporal bone fracture involves facial nerve paralysis. And there has been many discussion and study in the treatment of the immediate or delayed facial palsy ; examply, surgical approach, time and methods. We have managed a patient with unilateral facial nerve paralysis after longitudinal temporal bone fracture in mastoid process and conservative facial nerve decompression was performed. We have obtained good result and report this case with review of literatures.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2005

The proper management of the pediatric facial bone fracture is critical in the facial bone development. This study characterizes the surgically treated patient population suffering from facial bone fractures by the use of current data from a large series consisting of 201 cases. The data was gathered through a retrospective chart review of patients surgically treated for facial bone fractures at the department of plastic and reconstructive surgery, Sanggye Paik hospital, Inje university medical center, collected over 10-years period from January, 1993 to December, 2002. Data regarding patient demographics(age, sex), seasonal distribution, location of fractures, and the causes of injury with admission periods, were collected. In total, there were 201cases of pediatric facial bone fractures. Male patients outnumbered female patients by a 5.48: 1 ratio and were found to engage in a wider range of behaviors that resulted in facial bone fractures. Physical violence was the leading cause of pediatric facial bone fractures(27.9%), followed by sports-related mechanisms (22.9%) and falling down(17.9%). The most prevalent age group was 11-15 years-old(71.1%) and there was a 14.3% prevalence in March. Among the location of fractures, the nasal bone was the most prevalent, accounting for 82.3% of injuries, followed by the orbit(9.95%), and the mandible fractures(7.5%). Most patients(59.7%) were treated within 6-9 days after trauma and the mean hospitalization period was 8-11 days. We should follow up the surgically treated patients, and they will be further evaluated about postoperative sequele and effect on the facial bone development. These studies demonstrate differences in the demographics and clinical presentation that, if applied to patients, will enable a more accurate diagnosis and proper management.