• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.1495-1504
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 얼굴의 기하학적 특징정보를 기반으로 하여 얼굴의 특징자인 눈썹, 눈, 입, 턱선의 분류 및 해석 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 먼저, 얼굴 특징정보의 분류와 해석을 하기위한 전처리 과정으로 얼굴 특징자들의 눈, 코, 입, 눈썹, 턱선을 추출하기위해 얼굴 특징자 추출 알고리즘을 적용하여 얼굴 특징자들을 추출하게 된다. 추출한 얼굴 특징자들의 형태 정보와 모양정보 및 특징자들 간의 거리비율을 검출하여 이를 평가함수화 하고, 3가지의 눈 타입, 9가지의 입 타입, 12가지의 눈썹 타입 그리고 4가지의 턱선 타입의 분류를 하게 된다. 이렇게 분류된 얼굴 특징자들을 이용하여 얼굴을 해석하게 된다. 얼굴해석 알고리즘은 각각의 특징자들에 대한 고유의 특징자들의 내부구간의 화소분포 정보와 기울기 정보를 가지고 있다. 따라서 특징자들 간의 정보를 이용하여 얼굴을 해석할 수 있었다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.535-546
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• 2019

Recently, there have been a lot of researches on the whole face replacement system, but it is not easy to obtain stable results due to various attitudes, angles and facial diversity. To produce a natural synthesis result when replacing the face shown in the video image, technologies such as face area detection, feature extraction, face alignment, face area segmentation, 3D attitude adjustment and facial transposition should all operate at a precise level. And each technology must be able to be interdependently combined. The results of our analysis show that the difficulty of implementing the technology and contribution to the system in facial replacement technology has increased in facial feature point extraction and facial alignment technology. On the other hand, the difficulty of the facial transposition technique and the three-dimensional posture adjustment technique were low, but showed the need for development. In this paper, we propose four facial replacement models such as 2-D Faceswap, OpenPose, Deekfake, and Cycle GAN, which are suitable for the Cox platform. These models have the following features; i.e. these models include a suitable model for front face pose image conversion, face pose image with active body movement, and face movement with right and left side by 15 degrees, Generative Adversarial Network.

• 디자인융복합연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2017

본 연구는 실버세대를 위한 컴패니언 로봇의 인터랙션 경험 디자인을 위해 사용자 태스크- 로봇 기능 적합도 매핑에 기반한 로봇 유형 분석과 멀티모달 대화 인터랙션에서의 로봇 감정표현 연구를 수행하였다. 노인의 니즈 분석을 위해 노인과 자원 봉사자를 대상으로 FGI, 에스노그래피를 진행하였으며 로봇 지원 기능과 엑추에이터 매칭을 통해 로봇 기능 조합 유형에 대한 분석을 하였다. 도출된 4가지 유형의 로봇 중 표정 기반 대화형 로봇 유형으로 프로토타이핑을 하였으며 에크만의 얼굴 움직임 부호화 시스템(Facial Action Coding System: FACS)을 기반으로 6가지 기본 감정에 대한 표정을 시각화하였다. 사용자 실험에서는 로봇이 전달하는 정보의 정서코드에 맞게 로봇의 표정이 변화할 때와 로봇이 인터랙션 사이클을 자발적으로 시작할 때 사용자의 인지와 정서에 미치는 영향을 이야기 회상 검사(Story Recall Test: STR)와 표정 감정 분석 소프트웨어 Emotion API로 검증하였다. 실험 결과, 정보의 정서코드에 맞는 로봇의 표정 변화 그룹이 회상 검사에서 상대적으로 높은 기억 회상률을 보였다. 한편 피험자의 표정 분석에서는 로봇의 감정 표현과 자발적인 인터랙션 시작이 피험자들에게 정서적으로 긍정적 영향을 주고 선호되는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2011

본논문에서는 3차원 3D 얼굴 스캔 데이터와 사진 이미지를 이용하여 3D 얼굴 모델을 생성하고 향후의 얼굴을 예측하는 시스템 개발에 대해 기술한다. 본 시스템은 3차원 텍스처매핑, 얼굴 정의 파라미터 입력 도구, 3차원 예측 알고리즘으로 구성 되어 있다. 3차원 텍스처매핑 기능에서는 3D 스캐너로 획득한 얼굴 모델과 사진 이미지를 이용하여 특정 연령에서의 새로운 얼굴모델을 생성한다. 텍스처매핑은 3D 스캐너로부터 획득한 메쉬 데이터에 정면과 좌우 측면의 세 방향의 사진 이미지를 이용하여 매핑하였다. 얼굴 정의 파라미터 입력도구는 3차원 텍스처매핑에 필요한 사용자 인터페이스 도구로서, 얼굴 모델의 정확한 재질값을 얼굴 사진으로부터 얻기 워하여 사진과 3D 얼굴 모델의 특징점을 일치시키는데 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 한 얼굴의 향후 연령대에서의 얼굴 모델을 구하기 위하여 100여개의 얼굴 스캔 데이터베이스를 이용한 통계적 분석에 의해 재질값을 예측 계산하여 해상도 높은 재질값을 가지는 모든 연령대의 3D 얼굴모델을 구성하였다.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

1. Objectives The Face is an important standard for the classification of Sasang Constitutions. We are developing 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus(3D-AFRA) to analyse the facial characteristics. This apparatus show us 3D image and data of man's face and measure facial figure data. So We should examine the Measurement of Facial Figure data error of 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus(3D-AFRA) in Software Error Analysis. 2. Methods We scanned face status by using 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus(3D-AFRA). And we measured lengths Between Facial Definition Parameters of facial figure data by Facial Measurement program. 2.1 Repeatability test We measured lengths Between Facial Definition Parameters of facial figure data restored by 3D-AFRA by Facial Measurement program 10 times. Then we compared 10 results each other for repeatability test. 2.2 Measurement error test We measured lengths Between Facial Definition Parameters of facial figure data by two different measurement program that are Facial Measurement program and Rapidform2006. At measuring lengths Between Facial Definition Parameters, we uses two measurement way. The one is straight line measurement, the other is curved line measurement. Then we compared results measured by Facial Measurement program with results measured by Rapidform2006. 3. Results and Conclusions In repeatability test, standard deviation of results is 0.084-0.450mm. And in straight line measurement error test, the average error 0.0582mm, and the maximum error was 0.28mm. In curved line measurement error test, the average error 0.413mm, and the maximum error was 1.53mm. In conclusion, we assessed that the accuracy and repeatability of Facial Measurement program is considerably good. From now on we complement accuracy of 3D-AFRA in Hardware and Software.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study is to present a retrospective review of patients who had a sudden onset of facial palsy after trauma and who underwent facial nerve decompression. Methods: The cases of 25 patients who had traumatic facial palsy were reviewed. Facial nerve function was graded according to the House-Brackmann grading scale. According to facial nerve decompression, patients were categorized into the surgical (decompression) group, with 7 patients in the early decompression subgroup and 2 patients in the late decompression subgroup, and the conservative group(16 patients). Results: The facial nerve decompression group included 8 males and 1 female, aged 2 to 86 years old, with a mean age of 40.8. In early facial nerve decompression subgroup, facial palsy was H-B grade I to III in 6 cases (66.7%); H-B grade IV was observed in 1 case(11.1%). In late facial nerve decompression subgroup, 1 patient (11.1%) had no improvement, and the other patient(11.1%) improved to H-B grade III from H-B grade V. A comparison of patients who underwent surgery within 2 weeks to those who underwent surgery 2 weeks later did not show any significant difference in improvement of H-B grades (p>0.05). The conservative management group included 15 males and 1 female, aged 6 to 66 years old, with a mean age of 36. At the last follow up, 15 patients showed H-B grades of I to III(93.7%), and only 1 patient had an H-B grade of IV(6.3%). Conclusion: Generally, we assume that early facial nerve decompression can lead to some recovery from traumatic facial palsy, but a prospective controlled study should and will be prepared to compare of conservative treatment to late decompression.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.475-488
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• 1988

Certain malocclusion are associated with specific "facial type," and it is important for the clinician to classify the common facial characteristic of each patient. Because the reaction to treatment mechanics and the stability of the denture is depended upon the analysis of the facial pattern. Basically, there are 3 district facial types or patterns under which almost all malocclusion can be classified. 1. mesofacial is the most average growth. 2. brachyfacial which is a horizontal growth pattern has a week muscle, with dental arch, deep bite. 3. dolichofacial which is a vertical growth pattern has a strong muscle, narrow dental arch, open bite. Brachyfacial pattern show a resistant to mandibular rotation during treatment can accept a more protrusive denture and are prominantly nonextraction, whereas dolichofacial patterns tend to open during treatment require a more retracted denture in order to assure post-treatment stability. Brachyfacial pattern would better treat to use extrusive force system, whereas dolichofacial pattern treat to use intrusive force system with head gear and intermaxillary elastics.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.28 No.2 (2)
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• pp.412-414
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• 2001

In this paper, we describe an real-time facial feature tracker. We only used a general USB PC Camera without a frame grabber. The system has achieved a rate of 8+ frames/second without any low-level library support. It tracks pupils, nostrils and corners of the lip. The signal from USB Camera is YUV 4:2:0 vertical Format. we converted the signal into RGB color model to display the image and We interpolated V channel of the signal to be used for extracting a facial region. and we analysis 2D blob features in the Y channel, the luminance of the image with geometric restriction to locate each facial feature within the detected facial region. Our method is so simple and intuitive that we can make the system work in real-time.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to research the facial shape and suggest quantified data for the domestic fashion cordinaton and beauty industry. A measurement survey of 264 female college students aged from 20 to 24, was conducted with photographs of front view and later view taken by digital camera. Two hundred values were generated through the facial measurement program. In the results, for the coefficient of variance of the height was highly related with height, radial length was highly related with radial length, and breadth with highly related with breadth. However Gnation breadth, Zygomatic breadth, Philtrum breadth were lowly related and indefendent with other items.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2002년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(4)
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• pp.69-72
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• 2002

Human face detection has many applications such as face recognition, face or facial feature tracking, pose estimation, and expression recognition. We present a new method for automatically segmentation and face detection in color images. Skin color alone is usually not sufficient to detect face, so we combine the color segmentation and shape analysis. The algorithm consists of two stages. First, skin color regions are segmented based on the chrominance component of the input image. Then regions with elliptical shape are selected as face hypotheses. They are certificated to searching for the facial features in their interior, Experimental results demonstrate successful detection over a wide variety of facial variations in scale, rotation, pose, lighting conditions.