• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose Korean monophthong recognition method optimizing muscle mixing based on facial surface EMG signals. We observed that EMG signal patterns and muscle activity may vary according to Korean monophthong pronunciation. We use RMS, VAR, MMAV1, MMAV2 which were shown high recognition accuracy in previous study and Cepstral Coefficients as feature extraction algorithm. And we classify Korean monophthong by QDA(Quadratic Discriminant Analysis) and HMM(Hidden Markov Model). Muscle mixing optimized using input data in training phase, optimized result is applied in recognition phase. Then New data are input, finally Korean monophthong are recognized. Experimental results show that the average recognition accuracy is 85.7% in QDA, 75.1% in HMM.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.499-509
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• 1997

The facial nerve have a long pathway. Thus facial nerve fibers easily involved at any point along their course will lead to a facial palsy of lower motor neuron type and upper motor neuron type. The electrophysiologic examination can evaluate and anticipating that prognosis of facial nerve palsy. The electrophysiologic examination are Nerve Excitability Test(NET), Elecctroneurography(ENG), Electro-myography(EMG), Blink Reflex, and Electrogustometry et.al. The NET is very useful method for assessment of prognosis and distinguish between nerve degeneration and physiological block as early as 72 hour after onset of the facial palsy. And other examination also give objectively information of facial nerve for prognosis and treatment. Treatment goal of physiotherapy are prevent contracture and disuse atrophy of facial muscle with muscle reeducation and strengthening and maintain symmetry facial motion. The treatment better start as early as possible.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to determine the electrical properties of the buccal area using facial surface electromyography (sEMG). Methods : This research was conducted on 44 healthy participants irrespective of their sex. Surface electrodes were attached to the midpoints of three imaginary lines connecting ST4 (Dicang) to ST6 (Jiache), ST4 to SI18 (Quanliao), and ST4 to the center point of SI18 and ST6. Then, the participants were trained in the movement that included a comprehensive action of buccal area. While the participants were performing the motion, sEMG values ($E_1$, $E_2$, $E_3$) and the distance change of the three imaginary lines ($D_1$, $D_2$, $D_3$) were measured. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS ver. 22.0. Results : Significant differences were observed in the distance changes ($D_1$>$D_3$, $D_2$>$D_3$) and sEMG values ($E_1$<$E_2$<$E_3$). Moreover, there were positive correlations between $D_1$ and $E_1$, $D_2$ and $E_2$. Conclusion : We suggest that the measurement at ST4 to the center point of ST6 and SI18 with this motion would be adequate to check the electrical characteristics of the buccal area.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.778-785
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• 2000

Objectives : Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring(INM) is a well known useful method to reduce intraoperative neurological complications during neurosurgical procedures. Furthermore, INM is required in most cerebellopontine angle(CPA) surgery because cranial nerves or brain stem injuries can result in serious complications. Object of this study is to the correlation between the changes of intraoperative monitoring modalities during cerebellopontine angle tumor surgery and post-operative functional outcomes in auditory and facial functions. Material and Methods : Fifty-seven patients who underwent intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring during CPA tumor surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Their lesions were as follows ; vestibular schwannomas in 42, other cranial nerve schwannomas in seven, meningiomas in five and cysts in three cases. Pre- and postoperative audiologic examinations and facial nerve function tests were performed in all patients. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring modalities includes brainstem auditory evoked potentials(BAEP) and facial electromyographies(EMG). We compared the events of INM during CPA tumor surgeries with the outcomes of auditory and facial nerve functions. Results : The subjects who had abnormal changes during CPA tumor surgery were twenty cases with BAEP changes and facial EMG changes in twenty one cases. The changes of intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring did not always result in poor functional outcomes. However, most predictable intraoperative monitoring changes were wave III-V complex losses in BAEP and continuous neurotonic activities in facial EMG. Conclusion : These results indicate that intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring in CPA tumor surgery usually provide predictive value for postoperative functional outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.183-187
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• 2006

Objective : Hemifacial spasm has characteristic and specific electrophysiological finding, lateral spread response[LSR]. We study the correlation between change of lateral spread response during microvascular decompression[MVD] and clinical outcome after MVD. Methods : Sixty two patients with hemifacial spasm who were treated with microvascular decompression from March 2000 to February 2003 were included in this study. The monitoring of intraoperative facial electromyography[EMG] and brain stem auditory evoked potential were performed. Results : In 28 [44.7%] patients, there was persistence of lateral spread response after vascular decompression in root exit zone of facial nerve. Among these 28 patients, 9 had mild hemifacial spasm at discharge. Three out of 34 patients who had intraoperative disappearance of lateral spread response after MVD had mild hemifacial spasm. But Both groups, disappearance of LSR [Group I], and persistence [Group II] had only 2 patients with mild hemifacial spasm, and 5 patients at 3 months, respectively. Conclusion : Although intraoperative EMG monitoring is very useful in assessing the efficacy of MVD, the clinical outcome of MVD in patient with hemifacial spasm does not always correlate with EMG finding. The prognostic value of intraoperative LSR monitoring in the long-term results is questionable.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2007

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by tonic clonic contractions of the muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve. Compression of the facial nerve by an ectatic vessel is widely recognized as the most common underlying etiology. HFS needs to be differentiated from other causes of facial spasms, such as facial tic, ocular myokymia, and blepharospasm. To understand the overall craniofacial abnormalities and to perform the optimal surgical procedures for HFS, we are to review the prevalence, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, details of each treatment modality, usefulness of brainstem auditory evoked potentials monitoring, debates on the facial EMG, clinical course, and complications from the literature published from 1995 to the present time.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.470-476
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• 2018

Facial motor evoked potential (FMEP) by multi-pulse transcranial electrical stimulation (mpTES) can complement free-running electromyography (EMG) and direct facial nerve stimulation to predict the functional integrity of the facial nerve during cerebello-pontine angle (CPA) tumor surgery. The purpose of this paper is to examine the standardized test methods and the usefulness of FMEP as a predictor of facial nerve function and to minimize the incidence of facial paralysis as an aftereffect of surgery. TES was delivered through electrode Mz (cathode) - M3/M4 (anode), and extracranially direct distal facial muscle excitation was excluded by the absence of single pulse response (SPR) and by longer onset latency (more than 10 ms). FMEP from the orbicularis oris (o.oris) and the mentalis muscle simultaneously can improve the accuracy and success rate compared with FMEP from the o.oris alone. Using the methods described, we can effectively predict facial nerve outcomes immediately after surgery with a reduction of more than 50% of FMEP amplitude as a warning criterion. In conclusion, along with free-running EMG and direct facial nerve stimulation, FMEP is a useful method to reduce the incidence of facial paralysis as a sequela during CPA tumor surgery.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.537-542
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• 2008

BSSRO is most frequently operated among orthognathic surgery techniques for repairment of maxillofacial deformities. In case of patients with maxillofacial asymmetry accompanying mandibular protrusion who are operated by BSSRO, this study considers the recovering time for masticatory force of each tooth and Masseteric EMG and the adequate time enabling normal occlusion. The patients who are operated with BSSRO under general anesthesia in Dankook Dental Hospital, Department of OMS are selected for this study. The control group is devided into 2. 26 patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular protrusion are selected for group 1 and their maximum voluntary bite force and masseteric EMG are measured. Group 2 is formed by volunteers with healthy dentition who are measured maximum bite force and masseteric EMG on both sides of the mouth. At the week of 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th and 11th, Mann-Whitney U test is carried on for statistical analysis and the result is as follows. 1. Patients with mandibular protrusion showed apparently low maximum bite force and masseteric EMG than patients with normal occlusion. 2. In comparison with control group 1, Occlusal force is regained in incisors and canines at the 9th week and in premolars and molars, 11th week and masseteric EMG is regained at 11th week. 3. Comparing to normal occlusal patients, no recovery could be found in experimental group in every parts of the mouth.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to define clinical character of peripheral facial nerve injury. Methods : 36 patients was identified with peripheral facial nerve injury among 1128 patients who visited the Facial Palsy Center in Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang-dong between January 2010 and November 2011. We reviewed the medical records including gender, age, cause, symptom, period of treatment, and axonal loss. Results : Most common cause of peripheral facial nerve injury was iatrogenic surgery, followed by direct trauma, neoplastic disorders. Patients with facial nerve injury commonly complain about facial palsy(ipsilateal or bilateral), followed by paresthesia, facial spasm, facial pain, auricular pain. Peripheral facial nerve injury group showed worse electrophysiological pattern and younger onset age compared with Bell's palsy group. Conclusion : This study was designed for 36 patients and further studies are necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 한국감성과학회 1998년도 춘계학술발표 논문집
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• pp.75-80
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• 1998

본 연구는 얼굴근전도(facial EMG)가 다양한 시각자극에 의해서 유발된 감성을 평가할 수 있는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 특히 감성의 차원중 각성-이완차원에서의 차이를 얼굴근전도를 이용하여 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는가를 알아보았다. 사용된 자극은 15개의 시각자극이었다 . 각각의 자극은 30초씩 무선적으로 제시되었고, 각 자극의 제시사이마다 120초씩의 휴식기를 두었다. 매 자극제시후 피험자는 제시된 자극에 대해 각성-이완의 정도를 주관적으로 평가하였다. 실험참가자는 25명의 여자대학생이었으며, 왼쪽이마의 추미근(corrugator muscle)과 빰의 관골근(zygomatic muscle)의 얼굴근전도를 측정하였다. 측정된 얼굴근전도에 대해서 절대값을 취해 면적을 구하였다. 최대 각성(the most arousing stimulus), 최소 각성(the least arousing stimulus), 최소이완(the least relaxing stimulus), 최대이완(the most relaxing stimulus)이라고 피험자들마다 주관적으로 평가한 가극에 대한 얼굴근전도를 비교.분석하였다. 그 결과 이마의 추미근이 각성과 이완감성의 차이를 변별할 수 있었다. 즉 각성감성을 느낄수록 이마의 추미근의 활동이 증가함을 보였다. 또한 최대각성감성을 느낄때 이마의 추미근의 활동이 증가함을 보였다. 결론적으로, 얼굴근전도가 다양한 시각자극에 의해 유발된 감성의 각성-이완차원을 측정할 수 있는 좋은 지표가 될수 있음을 나타낸다.