• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2015

With using adaptive control of the resistance spot welding machine, the advantage on electrode life time for galvanized steels has been addressed. This study was aimed to evaluate the electrode life time of galvanized steels with applying the constant current control and the adaptive control resistance spot welding process for a comparison purpose. The growth in diameter of electrode face was similar for both the constant current and the adaptive control up to 2000 welds. The button diameter was decreased with weld numbers, however, sudden increase in button diameter with use of the adaptive control after 1500 welds was observed. The peak load was continuously decreased with increasing number of welds for both the constant current and the adaptive control. The current compensation during a weld was observed with using the adaptive control after 1800 welds since the ${\beta}$-peak on dynamic resistance curve was detected at later weld time. The current compensation with adaptive control during resistance spot welding enhanced the nugget diameter at the faying interface of steel sheets and improved the penetration to thinner steel sheet.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.316-331
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• 2000

This study was conducted using a descriptive correlational survey design to identify how patients with chronic low-back pain perceived family function and to examine the relationship between family function and depression. The participants of the study were 116 patients with chronic low-back pain patient who were having follow-up treatment in a local pain clinic, located in Daegu. A structured questionnaire was filled out participants themselves and the structured interview was given during January and February, 2000. The data collection instrument were FACE II-Korean version and Beck's Depression Inventory(1983). The data collected were analysed using mean, standard deviation(SD), t-test, F-test, Duncan test and Pearson correlation coefficient, done with SAS. The results are as follows; 1. The mean of the respondents' perceived family function was 3.47, with emotional bonding at 3.61, acceptability and sharing at 3.61, participation at 3.23, negotiation and satisfaction at 3.24 and responsibility and expectation at 3.76. 2. The mean of the respondents' perceived depression was $17.53{\pm}8.76$. 3. There was significantly negative correlation between family function and depression(r=-0.4817, p=.0001). 4. Research variables included demographic characteristics and showed that subjects who were aged 65 years or older showed significantly lower scores in patient's perceived family function than those who were aged 45 years or below(p=.0502). Perceived family function of females respondents were significantly lower than males(p=.0026). The illiterate showed significantly lower scores than other groups(p=.0001). Respondents with spouse and extended family tended to show significantly higher scores than those who were living with spouse only or by themselves alone(p=.0091). Those who had higher income showed significantly higher scores than in the lower income group(p=.0001). 5. For family function regarding pain characteristics, those who reported severe pain-related daily activity impediments showed significantly lower scores in family function than others with less pain(p=.0357).

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Warming Therapy used with patients consistantly before and during surgery to on changes in their body temperatures. The data were collected from patients in a university hospital in Taegu between December 1, 1998 and May 31, 1999. The subjects were selected from patients who were hospitalized for total hip replacement surgery. Thirty participants were assigned to two groups : experimental(Warming Therapy) group and control group. Each group consisted of 15 patients. The research design was a repeated measurement design, using a nonequivalent control group. The Warming Therapy, using a forced-air warming blanket, that is a, 'Bair Hugger' was applied to subjects in the experimental group. The subjects in the group were treated with the 'Bair Hugger' to warm up the whole body for 40 minutes before surgery and upper body and face during the operation. The core temperature was measured using a tympanic thermometer. The body temperature of the patients was measured 13 times every 15 minutes during the surgery. After the operation the body temperature of the patients was measured 4 times every 15 minutes, from the time of arrivial in the recovery room to the time of leaving the recovery room. The SPSS Win 9.0 program was used for data analysis. Specific methods tested were done using ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. The findings of the study are as follows. 1. The first hypothesis, 'The level of tympanic temperature for the experimental group which received Warming Therapy will be higher than that of the control group during the operation', was supported (F=32.16, p=.000). 2. The second hypothesis, 'The level of tympanic temperature for the experimental group which received Warming Therapy will be higher than that of the control group after the operation', was supported.(F=33.36, p=.000) 3. During recovery, shivering was observed one patient in the experimental group and seven patients in the control group. In summary, the findings of the study suggest that the 'Warming Therapy' applied before and during the surgery was a very effective treatment for surgical patients in maintaining the core temperature during surgery

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.61-65
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the position of impacted mandibular third molars in different skeletal facial types among a group of Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 mandibular third molars in 200 subjects with different types of facial growth were radiographically investigated for their positions according to their types of facial growth on the basis of the ${\beta}$ angle. The subjects were divided into three groups (class I, II, and III) according to ANB angle, representing the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla to the mandible. Meanwhile, the subjects were also divided into three groups (long, normal, and short face) according to the angle between the stella-nasion and mandibular plane (SNGoGn angle). ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean ${\beta}$ angle showed no significant difference among class I, II, and III malocclusions (df=2, F=0.669, p=0.513). The same results were also found in short, normal, and long faces (df=1.842, F=2, p=0.160). The mesioangular position was the most frequent one in almost all of the facial growth patterns. Distoangular and horizontal positions of impaction were not found in the subjects with class III and normal faces. In the long facial growth pattern, the frequency of vertical and distoangular positions were not different. Conclusion: In almost all of the skeletal facial types, the mesioangular impaction of the mandibular third molar was the most prevalent position, followed by the horizontal position. In addition, ${\beta}$ angle showed no significant difference in different types of facial growth.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide the guidance in more objective and proper clothing design and a strategy of fashion marketing from consumer sensibilities about adult women's town wear in un-limited circumstance. The specific objectives were 1) to investigate relationship between fashion sensibility and consumer sensibility of Good and Bad women's town wear, 2) to compare fashion sensibility with consumer sensibility of Good and Bad women's town wear, and 3) to investigate a dimension of Good and Bad women's town wear in fashion sensibility. Because they can affect estimators, the collected photos at shopping mall, department stores, and churches (S/S, F/W: April 28, 2004~May 1, 2005) were prepared removing face and background and attached on gray board. To investigate consumer sensibilities, the stimulus were 80 photos (40 for 'good', 40 for 'Bad'). The questionnaire consisted of bi-polar 25 pairs adjective scale of consumer sensibility was distributed 600 female (20's~40's) living in Busan (June 28, 2005~July 11, 2005). The data were analyzed by ANOVA, Regression analysis, and MDS. The results of practical study are summarized as follows. Fashion sensibility on the preference in Good and Bad women's town wear is closely related in 'want to buy-do not want to buy' and buying need is 'like-dislike'. For the fashion sensibility dimension at Good women's town wear, X axis showed from Young to Adult and Y axis showed from Hard to Comfortable following positioned design characters. For the fashion sensibilities dimension at Bad women's town wear, X axis showed from Young to Adult, Y axis showed from Normal to Unique, and Z axis showed from Heavy to Light following positioned design characters.

• 복식
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• 제63권7호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristic of a functional design for a commercial outdoor brand jacket based on 3 types of functions : windproof, waterproof, and cold proof. To analyze the design and fabric characteristics of outdoor jackets by function, 903 men's and women's outdoor jacket images were selected from the catalogues during S/S 2009 - F/W 2011 of the 6 brands: The North Face, Columbia Sports Wear, Kolon Sports, K2, Arcteryx and Mont-Bell. These brands were selected based on their high market share and brand awareness of the outdoor brands in Korea. In this study, design elements analysis was conducted as following 8 elements: hood/collar height/central front flap/waistline/pocket location/ventilation for the body part/sleeve patterns/cuff for the sleeve part. Fabrics were analyzed by the frequency of fabric types used in the 3 jacket types. According to the result derived from the analysis of the six brands of outdoor wear jacket design trends by year, detachable hood and a co-use of velcro and elastic bands have been mainly designed for all of windproof, waterproof, and cold proof jacket to all in order to respond quickly to changes in the external environment. For reinforced storage function on trekking, the number of pockets has been gradually growing, and a function was being developed to connect an electronic device to a pocket. The method, result, and collateral observations relevant to each of these phases are described. Outdoor jacket design characteristics were investigated for outdoor brands, which can provide data to suggest more accurate functional design, and satisfy functional design needs. In this regard, this research was significant in the sense that it suggested preliminary data to reconsider competitiveness of the brand products.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.380-390
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• 2007

The purpose of this study(Part I) was to provide the guidance in more objective and proper clothing design and wearing rule to make good image making by analysis of fashion sensibilities about adult women's town wear in unlimited circumstance. The specific objectives were; 1)to investigate about fashion sensibility of women's town wear at season 2)to investigate about fashion sensibilities of women's town wear of properties which are age, marriage or not, job, average income per month, and schooling. 3)to compare fashion sensibility between Good and Bad women's town wear. The collected photos at shopping mall, department stores, and churches(S/S, F/W:2004.4.28~2005.5.1) were prepared removing face and background that can affect in estimator and attached on gray board. To investigate fashion sensibilities, the stimulus were 80 photos('good':40, 'Bad':40). The questionnaire consisted of bi-polar 25 pairs adjective scale of fashion sensibilities was distributed 60 female(20's~40's) living in Busan. The data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, and Scheffe. The results of this study are summarized as follows; For fashion sensibilities at 'Good' and 'Bad' wear, the variances(season, age, marriage or not, job, average income per month, and schooling) are important. Especially, the fashion sensibility at 30's women are very unique and importance age zone to catch both young women's fashion sensibility and old women's fashion sensibility, Through that age zone, we could read women's various fashion sensibility and prospect complicate consumers' fashion mind. This study result will be utilized in the clothing design for target age zone of women's town wear, database of wearing rule and good image making, and planning fashion marketing strategies.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.461-471
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• 2011

Jewelry has recognized as a part of independent formative arts of fashion with the change modern man's cognition for the fashion. It is a great important section to express fashion image. So, many corporations design and develop the jewelry by themselves to maxmize their fashion image. Among the so many kinds of jewelry, especially the necklace is located beneath the face and linked as a part of fashion, so it frequently has showed in Fashion Collection. Like this Fashion and jewelry enact each other and share their esthetic features but, it is insufficient the study of fashion linked with the jewelry. In this study, we defined the words which is using confusedly according to jewelry forms what researched by others. In addition, we tend to study the effect of that the form, hue and character of materials of necklace that is expressed in fashion collection influence fashion image. The method of this study is comprised with precedent studies and analysis of necklace photos in fashion collection. For the analysis of data, we implement content analysis and statistical analysis using SPAW Statistics 18(frequency analysis, percentage, cross-tabulations, $X^2$-test). Because the hue and the form of necklace take a great role to make fashion image with the sense of its eyesight, its effective coordination go up the delicate feelings with the form, hue and quality of the fashion. Especially, the hue is the essential element of formative characteristics to express visual image. The necklace had coordinated more frequently in S/S than F/W, it means that more light and simple fashion let ornamental beauty could express by the necklace. So, it is very effective things that we predict the trend of fashion, then, coordinate with well-matched necklace.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.8-16
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• 2024

Communication with the deaf has always been crucial. Deaf and hard-of-hearing persons can now express their thoughts and opinions to teachers through sign language, which has become a universal language and a very effective tool. This helps to improve their education. This facilitates and simplifies the referral procedure between them and the teachers. There are various bodily movements used in sign language, including those of arms, legs, and face. Pure expressiveness, proximity, and shared interests are examples of nonverbal physical communication that is distinct from gestures that convey a particular message. The meanings of gestures vary depending on your social or cultural background and are quite unique. Sign language prediction recognition is a highly popular and Research is ongoing in this area, and the SVM has shown value. Research in a number of fields where SVMs struggle has encouraged the development of numerous applications, such as SVM for enormous data sets, SVM for multi-classification, and SVM for unbalanced data sets.Without a precise diagnosis of the signs, right control measures cannot be applied when they are needed. One of the methods that is frequently utilized for the identification and categorization of sign languages is image processing. African Buffalo Optimization using Support Vector Machine (ABO+SVM) classification technology is used in this work to help identify and categorize peoples' sign languages. Segmentation by K-means clustering is used to first identify the sign region, after which color and texture features are extracted. The accuracy, sensitivity, Precision, specificity, and F1-score of the proposed system African Buffalo Optimization using Support Vector Machine (ABOSVM) are validated against the existing classifiers SVM, CNN, and PSO+ANN.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.101-120
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 기대-가치모델(Wigfield & Eccles, 2000)을 통해 여섯 명의 다문화학생들의 수학 학업성취동기가 초등학교 6학년부터 중학교 2학년 (2012~2014) 동안 어떻게 변화하는지 탐구하는 것이다. 이러한 변화과정은 내러티브 탐구를 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과 학생들이 각자 다른 학업성취와 수학 관련 경험들을 가지고 있었으나, 이들의 수학학습 동기발달에 공통적으로 영향을 미치는 요인들을 도출할 수 있었다: (a) 부모와 교사의 역할, (b) 동료의 학업성취, (c) 과거학습 경험과 수학교육과정의 특성, (d) 수학 역량과 다른 과목에서의 역량 간 관계에 대한 인식, (e) 가정 배경, 그리고 (f) 학업 가치 인식 정도. 이 연구 결과는 특정 다문화학생들은 좋은 수학 성적을 얻기 위해 열심히 공부를 하는 반면 다른 학생들은 왜 그렇지 않은지, 또한 왜 특정 학생들은 수학 공부 중 어려움에 부딪혔을 때 계속해서 학습을 하거나 새로운 수학 과제를 찾아나가는 반면 다른 학생들은 쉽게 포기하는지에 대한 통찰을 얻을 수 있었다. 이 연구는 교육자와 부모들이 다문화학생들의 학업동기를 증가시키거나 지속하기 위해서 학생들을 고립된 개체로 보는 것이 아니라 수학 학습동기에 영향을 주는 주변인, 시간, 장소의 상호작용에 주의를 기울일 것을 촉구한다. 본 연구는 다문화학생들의 학습동기발달 과정을 탐구함으로써 이들이 학교에서 높은 수학 성취와 성공에 이루도록 기여할 수 있는 긍정적인 학습 동기 향상 방향을 제시했다는 것에 함의가 있다.