• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2016

전투력 향상을 위해서는 전장환경에 부합하는 훈련체계의 구축 및 적응 노력이 무엇보다도 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 시뮬레이션 기반의 훈련 체계인 FST (Fleet Synthetic Training)에 대한 고찰 및 한국 해군 측면의 분석을 수행하고 정책적인 제안을 도출하였다. 먼저, FST의 개념 및 현재 우리 해군의 훈련체계에 대한 전반적인 실태를 고찰하였다. 객관적인 전략 및 제안의 도출을 위하여 우리 군의 내부 역량과 FST 측면의 환경에 대한 SWOT 분석을 수행하였다. 한국 해군이 나아갈 방안으로 현재 진행중인 함대들의 통합전술재박훈련 체계를 중심으로 단계적이고 점진적인 접근을 통한 FST의 체계 정착이 제시되었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제16C권1호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2009

무선 센서 네트워크(Wireless Sensor Network : WSN)는 자율적으로 라우팅 경로를 구성하여 물리적으로 떨어진 지역의 데이터를 수집하는 무선망이다. 본 논문은 주기적으로 수집한 모든 데이터를 하나의 기지 노드로 전달하는 convergecast 환경에서 퓨전(fusion)을 반영한 라우팅 방법을 제안한다. 지금까지 대부분의 연구는 무퓨전(no-fusion)과 전퓨전(full-fusion)의 두 경우만을 다루었다. 제안하는 Fusion rate based Spanning Tree(FST)는 임의의 퓨전율 f ($0{\leq}f{\leq}1$)에서 총 전송 에너지 비용을 줄이는 라우팅 경로를 제공 한다. FST는 무퓨전(f = 0)과 전퓨전(f = 1)의 convergecast에서 각각 최적의 토폴로지인 최소 경로 트리(Shortest Path spanning Tree : SPT)와 최소 스패닝 트리(Minimum Spanning Tree : MST)를 제공하며, 임의의 f (0 < f < 1)에 대해서도 SPT나 MST보다 우수한 토폴로지를 제공한다. 시뮬레이션은 100-노드 WSN에서 모든 f ($0{\leq}f{\leq}1$)에 대해 FST의 총 길이가 평균적으로 MST보다 약 31%, SPT보다 약 8% 절약 됨을 보여준다. 따라서 우리는 FST가 WSN에서 매우 유용한 토폴로지임을 확인하였다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.293-297
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• 2012

${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid-enriched sea tangle extract was obtained from the fermentation of Lactobacillus brevis BJ-20. The fermented sea tangle extract (FST) was separated into three fractions by molecular weight: FST I (greater than 10 kDa), FST II (1-10 kDa), and FST III (less than 1 kDa). The anti-inflammatory characteristics of the FST fractions were investigated by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells. Both NO production and iNOS expression levels were significantly inhibited by FST treatments in a dose-dependent manner. FST III was the most effective inhibitor of processes. This demonstrates that the effect of FST on LPS-induced inflammation might be closely correlated with the inhibition of inflammatory cytokine expression.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.273-281
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• 2015

The follistatin (FST) gene encodes a monomeric glycoprotein that plays a role in binding and inhibiting the functions of members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}$ superfamily. Thus, FST facilitates a wide variety of functions, ranging from muscle growth, to inflammation and immunity. In this study, we sought to characterize an FST counterpart, RbFST, which was identified from rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. The RbFST cDNA sequence (2,419 bp) contains a 933-bp open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a putative amino acid sequence for RbFST (35 kDa). The putative amino acid sequence contains a Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor domain (51-98 residues) and an EF-hand, calcium-binding domain (191-226 residues). Additionally, this sequence shares a high identity (98.7%) with the Siniperca chuatsi FST sequence, with which it also has the closest evolutionary relationship according to a phylogenetic study. Omnipresent distribution of RbFST transcripts were detected in the gill, liver, spleen, head kidney, kidney, skin, muscle, heart, brain, and intestine of healthy animals, with significantly higher expression levels in the heart, followed by the liver tissue. Under pathogenic stress caused by two bacterial pathogens, Streptococcus iniae and Edwardsiella tarda, RbFST transcription was found to be significantly up-regulated. Altogether, our findings suggest the putative role of RbFST in immune related responses against pathogenic infections, further prefiguring its significance in rock bream physiology.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-depressant effect of Chilbokum on rats under the forced swimming test (FST) Methods : The rats were treated with the herbal extract, Chilbokum. In order to induce depression-like symptoms, the FST was conducted afterwards. The immobility time was measured during a 5-min experimental session. The alterations of the 5-HT level in the hypothalamus and hippocampus and the change of corticosterone level in the blood induced by FST were determined in the rats. Results : The results were as follows: 1. The immobility time during 5 min of FST in the drug administration group showed significant decreases compared with the control group (p<0.05). 2. The FST+Chilbokum group had significantly increased 5-HT levels of the hypothalamus and hippocampus, compared with the control group (p<0.05, respectively). 3. The FST+Chilbokum group had significantly decreased corticosterone levels, compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions : These results demonstrate that the reduced immobility time by Chilbokum may be mediated by the increase in 5-HT level in the hypothalamus and hippocampus, suggesting that Chilbokum has a potential therapeutic efficacy for human depression.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 1998년도 Proceedings ICPE 98 1998 International Conference on Power Electronics
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• pp.888-893
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• 1998

In practice, not only the load current but also the load voltage may contain asymmetric and harmonic components. Instantaneous power using p-q theory is analyzed to have compensation of reactive power, harmonics and asymmetry at the same time. In this paper, the limitation of p-q theory by using only shunt or series active filter is analyzed. A new scheme is proposed to solve the above issues.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

In animal reproduction, the quality of oocytes and embryos has been evaluated by the expression of specific molecules. Follistatin (FST), which was isolated from follicular fluid, binds and bio-neutralizes the TGF-${\beta}$ superfamily members. Previous studies using the bovine model showed FST could be an important molecular determinant of embryo developmental competence. However, the effect of FST treatment on porcine embryo developmental competence has not been established. In this study, the effect of exogenous FST on porcine embryo developmental competence was investigated during in vitro culture. FST (10 ng/ml) treatment induced a significant decrease in the rate of cell arrest at the 4-cell stage. The expression levels of DNA-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) were decreased in 4-cell stage embryos. FST treatment also resulted in significant improvements in developmental competence of embryos in terms of blastocyst formation rate and OCT-4 mRNA levels, the latter being related to pluripotency. In conclusion, during in vitro culture, FST treatment significantly ameliorated 4-cell block during embryonic development and improved embryo developmental competence. Therefore, FST treatment may potentially have a functional role in porcine embryogenesis that is broadly applicable to enhance in vitro embryo development.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.791-795
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• 2011

Sea tangle, a kind of brown seaweed, was fermented with Lactobacillus brevis BJ-20. The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content in fermented sea tangle (FST) was 5.56% (w/w) and GABA in total free amino acid of FST was 49.5%. The effect of FST on the enzyme activities and mRNA protein expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) involved in alcohol metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Yeast was cultured in YPD medium supplemented with different concentrations of FST powder [0, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.0% (w/v)] for 18 h. FST had no cytotoxic effect on the yeast growth. The highest activities and protein expressions of ADH and ALDH from the cell-free extracts of S. cerevisiae were evident with the 0.4% and 0.8% (w/v) FST-supplemented concentrations, respectively. The highest concentrations of GABA as well as minerals (Zn, Ca, and Mg) were found in the cell-free extracts of S. cerevisiae cultured in medium supplemented with 0.4% (w/v) FST. The levels of GABA, Zn, Ca, and Mg in S. cerevisiae were strongly correlated with the enzyme activities of ADH and ALDH in yeast. These results indicate that FST can enhance the enzyme activities and protein expression of ADH and ALDH in S. cerevisiae.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.456-462
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 실험동물인 흰쥐를 고지방식이로 고지혈증을 유도한 후 발효 지충이가 혈중 지질 함량 및 혈소판 응집에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 실험 결과, 식이 섭취량은 발효 지충이 상등액을 투여한 군(HF-FST100)과 일반 지충이 상등액을 투여한 군(HF-ST100) 사이에서의 유의적 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 최종 체중 증가량은 발효 지충이 상등액을 투여한 군(HF-FST100)이 고지방식이 투여군(HF-CON)에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였다. 일일 체중 증가량은 발효 지충이 상등액을 투여한 군(HF-FST100)이 일반 지충이 상등액을 투여한 군(HF-ST100) 보다 유의적으로 감소하였다. 실험동물 장기 중량은 심장과 부신을 제외한 모든 장기에서 발효 지충이 상등액을 투여한 군(HF-FST100)이 고지방식이만 투여한 (HF-CON)군보다 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈청 중 GOT 및 GPT 측정 결과, 고지방식이를 투여한 군(HF-CON)이 일반사료를 투여한 CON군에 비해 GOT 및 GPT의 활성이 유의적으로 증가하였다. GPT 활성의 경우, 고지방식이를 투여한 군(HF-CON)에 비해 HF-FST100군에서 유의적으로 활성이 감소하는 결과가 나타났다. 혈청 중 중성지방, 총 콜레스테롤 및 LDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 발효 지충이 상등액 투여에 의해 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 혈중 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 발효 지충이 상등액을 투여한 군(HF-FST100)이 고지방식이를 급여한 군(HF-CON)에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 혈소판 응집 저해능 측정 결과, 발효 지충이 상등액의 투여로 혈소판 응집이 억제되는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 발효 지충이 상등액은 고지방식이의 급여로 고지혈증이 유도된 흰쥐의 혈중 지질 개선 및 혈소판 응집 저해 효과를 나타내었으며, 이는 고지혈증 및 심혈관질환 예방과 관련된 새로운 천연 기능성 소재 및 식품 개발에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2023

The Laminaria japonica Aresch (Sea tangle) belongs to the brown algae and has a long history as a food material in Asia, including Korea. Recent studies have found that the fermented Sea tangle extract (FST) inhibited the differentiation of osteoclasts and protected osteoblasts from oxidative damage. This study aims to explore the possibility that FST can induce the differentiation of osteoblasts and identify the responsible mechanism. According to our results, FST induced differentiation into osteogenic cells in the presence of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells under non-toxic conditions.. This finding was confirmed by phalloidin staining, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition. Additionally, it was found that this process was achieved by increasing the expression of key factors involved in osteoblast differentiation, such as runt-related transcription factor-2, osterix, β-catenin, and bone morphogenetic protein-2. Moreover, FST increased autophagy, which may contribute to the maintenance of the bone formation homeostasis, and is associated with the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Although further research about the bioactive substances contained in FST and the tests of their efficacy are required, the results of this study indicate that FST has incredible applicability as a functional material for maintaining the bone homeostasis.