• Title/Summary/Keyword: FOREST ENVIRONMENT

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Analysis of Habitat Characteristics of the Yellow-throated Marten Martes flavigula (Carnivora : Mustelidae) Using Geographic Information System (GIS)

  • Lim, Sang-Jin;Min, Ji-Hong;Park, Yung-Chul
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.261-266
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    • 2015
  • We investigated habitat characteristics of the yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula (Carnivora : Mustelidae) using geographic information system (GIS). GPS coordinates of the target mammal traces and seven habitat factors were used for the GIS analysis. The Odaesan National Park (ONP) is selected as a study area for GIS analysis of the habitat characteristics. According to the GIS analysis of whole area of ONP, main forest type was broadleaf trees which occupy 72% of forests. Trees of 4th to 6th age-calss account for 93% of the ONP forests. The mean elevation and slope of ONP was 901 m and $22.1^{\circ}$, respectively. According to the GIS analysis of M. flavigula habitats in ONP, most M. flavigula traces were found in borad-leaf forests and coniferous forests which are main forest types of ONP. In addition, the yellow-throated marten recorded a relatively high appearance rate of 7% in unstocked forests, which account for much less than 1% of the area of ONP. Most of the marten traces were found in forests with trees of 4th to 6th age-classes. The traces were found in the forest types in higher elevation (1,080.3 m) and lower slope ($15.0^{\circ}$) on average, compared with those of ONP. Appearance rate of the marten traces was 96% in range less than 600 m from the water. The traces were frequently found in areas far distantly beyond 1,400 m range from human residental areas and cultivated areas.

Seasonal Change Characteristics of Stream Water Quality in Planted Coniferous Forest (침엽수 인공림 계류수 수질의 계절변화 특성)

  • Kim, Jaehoon;Choi, Hyung Tae;Yoo, Jae Yun
    • Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.929-935
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    • 2015
  • This study was carried out to investigate pH, EC, solutes concentration and ANC characteristics in coniferous forest experiment watershed in Gyeonggi-do, Korea from 2005 to 2007. The average pH value was 6.87 and low at spring season due to deposition in crown. The average EC was $58.4{\mu}S/cm$ and was high at spring season due to high concentration of solutes. The cation and anion concentration was high at spring and fall season with low rainfall. When stream water quality was compared to different watershed, EC was relatively low due to high rainfall and $NO_3{^-}$ was high due to deposition and forest practice. pH and ANC was relatively constant at stream water

Photosynthetic Capacity and Water Use Efficiency under Different Temperature Regimes on Healthy and Declining Korean Fir in Mt. Halla (한라산 구상나무 건전개체와 쇠약개체의 온도변화에 따른 광합성능력과 수분이용효율)

  • Lim, Jong-Hwan;Woo, Su-Young;Kwon, Mi Jeong;Chun, Jung Hwa;Shin, Joon Hwan
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.95 no.6
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    • pp.705-710
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    • 2006
  • We investigated seasonal photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency changes of Korean fir (Abies koreana Wils.) trees located at three sites around the peak of Mt. Halla, Witseorum, Youngsil and Jindallebat. At each sites, we chose healthy and declining individuals to examine the differences of physiological characteristics between them. Net photosynthetic capacity in $15^{\circ}C$ were lower than those of $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. The difference of net photosynthetic capacity between healthy and damaged trees was clear in June and August but damaged trees recovered with passing of the time. There was no difference between healthy and damaged trees in September on photosynthetic rate. Generally, water use efficiency (WUE) of damaged trees was higher than healthy trees.

Changes in Temperature and Humidity in the Forest Caused by Development (도로에 의한 산림 내 온습도 변화)

  • Choi, Jaeyong;Park, Myung-Soo;Kim, Su-Kyung;Yu, Seung-Hyeon;Choi, Won-Tae;Song, Wonkyong;Kim, Whee-Moon;Kim, Seoung-Yeal;Lee, Ji-Young
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.604-617
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    • 2018
  • As the depletion of forests became more widespread due to the increase in the number of roads, the research was conducted on the relationship between temperature and humidity in the forests, assuming that the forests around the roads were affected. Through the forest monitoring, the temperature and humidity of coniferous forests and broadleaf forests in Sedong and Gongju areas were observed at three point of 10m, 20m and 30m from the road boundary to the inside of the forest, respectively. In Yeongdong area, for more reliable results, it was observed from the point of 0m, 10m, and 20m. During the study period, so it was expected the change in tree growth was small, the change of temperature and humidity inside the forest by the road was compared with the temperature and humidity from the road to the inside of the forest from September 2017 to January 2018, the changes of temperature and humidity inside the forest due to linear development such as roads were quantitatively analyzed. Using the HOBO data logger (MX2301, Onset Corp.), the temperature and humidity changes of each site were measured, and the average of the changes have been analyzed monthly. In the case of Gongju coniferous forests in September 2017, the average weekly temperature is $0.57^{\circ}C$ higher than the forest outside from the forest boundary and $1.23^{\circ}C$ higher than the inside of the forest, at night in November 2017, in Sedong broadleaf forests. That is, the ability to control the temperature and humidity of the forests along the road was larger and less variable as the distance from the road boundary to the inside of the forest increased. In this study, it is considered that the high degree of change in temperature and humidity of the forest and the surrounding area due to artificial linear development such as roads will affect the growth of trees. This results could serve as a basis for studying the quantitative scope of linear development affecting forest growth and for managing forest change caused by linear development.

Tree Species Preferred as Fecal Sites by the Siberian Flying Squirrel Pteromys volans

  • Han, Chang Wook;Kim, Dong Cheol;Ahn, Kyung Hwan;Lim, Sang Jin;Park, Hee Bok;Cho, Beom Jun;Park, Yung Chul
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.180-183
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    • 2018
  • Fecal sites of the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans were found in the 16 tree species, and 11 species (46.4%) of them were used as fecal sites in winter and only 3 tree species (5.6%) were used for their fecal dropping in summer. In winter and spring, 11 and 10 tree species were used as fecal sites, respectively, indicating that various species of trees are used in those seasons for food sources or resting sites of the flying squirrels. Of total 16 species, the flying squirrels' fecal sites were most frequently found in Quercus mongolica (46.4%) and then followed by Prunus sargentii (25.6%). In winter, Prunus sargentii was preferred more than Quercus mongolica, although trees of Prunus sargentii are less distributed compared with those of various trees of the genus Quercus. In summer and autumn, high productivity of trees makes the flying squirrels use only one or two species they prefer. In winter and spring, however, they should extend their food source to various tree species because of low productivity and less food sources.

Seasonal Characteristics of Fecal Sites of the Siberian Flying Squirrel Pteromys volans

  • Han, Chang Wook;Lim, Sang Jin;Park, Hee Bok;Park, Yung Chul
    • Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.184-187
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    • 2018
  • Characteristics of fecal sites of the Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans was analyzed based on 132 sites of total 19 places. The fecal sites were more frequently found in winter (43.9%), and then followed by autumn (27.3%), spring (23.5%), and summer (5.3%). With the exception of summer, the fecal sites were more frequently found at the root collar than on the forked tree (p<0.01). Among 132 fecal sites, 88 sites (66.7%) were found on the rood collars and the other 44 sites (33.3%) were posited in the forked trees. Brown or red clay pellets were found at 44 fecal sites (33.4%) and 43 fecal sites (32.6%), and then black and yellow pellets were at 22 fecal sites (16.7%) and 19 fecal sites (14.3%), respectively. Green pellets were rarely found only at 4 sites (3.0%). Feces tend to have bright colors (brown, red clay and yellow) in winter and black in summer. Fecal sites with yellow pellets were much less found in all of the three seasons with the exception of winter, but highly increased in 25.4% in winter. The fecal sites with brown (33.4%) and red clay pellets (32.6%) were most frequently found through the four seasons.

Geographic information system-based identification of suitable cultivation sites for wood-cultivated ginseng

  • Beon, Mu Sup;Park, Jun Ho;Kang, Hag Mo;Cho, Sung Jong;Kim, Hyun
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.491-495
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    • 2013
  • Wood-cultivated ginseng, including roots in its dried form, is produced in forest land without using artificial facilities such as light barriers. To identify suitable sites for the propagation of wood-cultivated ginseng, factor combination technique (FCT) and linear combination technique (LCT) were used with geographic information system and the results were superimposed onto an actual wood-cultivated ginseng plantation. The LCT more extensively searched for suitable sites of cultivation than that by the FCT; further, the LCT probed wide areas considering the predominance of precipitous mountains in Korea. In addition, the LCT showed the much higher degree of overlap with the actual cultivation sites; therefore, the LCT more comprehensively reflects the cultivator's intention for site selection. On the other hand, the inclusion of additional factors for the selection of suitable cultivation sites and experts' opinions may enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of the LCT for site application.

Effects of Monsoon Rainfalls on Surface Water Quality in a Mountainous Watershed under Mixed Land Use (토지이용이 다변화된 산림 유역의 수질에 미치는 몬순 강우의 영향)

  • Jo, Kyeong-Won;Lee, Hyun-Ju;Park, Ji-Hyung;Owen, Jeffrey S.
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.197-206
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    • 2010
  • To provide baseline information essential for assessing environmental impacts of monsoon rainfalls in a mountainous watershed under mixed land use, we investigated spatiotemporal variations in water quality using a combined approach of seasonal water quality survey and intensive storm samplings. Biannual water sampling at nine locations encompassing major land use types showed generally lower electrical conductivity and Cl- concentrations during the typical wet period compared to the dry period, indicating rainfall-induced dilution of dissolved ions. Total metal concentrations, however, were significantly higher during the monsoon period, probably associated with rainfall-induced increases in suspended sediments. Intensive storm sampling during a small monsoon rainfall event (18 mm) and an extreme event (452 mm) showed rapid changes in both suspended sediments and dissolved solutes in an agricultural stream draining the Haean Basin where arable lands have expanded rapidly over the recent decades. By contrast, a nearby forest stream derived from North Korea showed little responses to the small event compared to larges changes during the extreme event. In the agricultural stream total Pb concentrations showed significant positive relationships with suspended sediments. Although limited sampling frequency and locations require a cautious interpretation, the overall results suggest that expansion of agricultural fields in steep mountainous watersheds can increase the susceptibility of soil erosion and its off-site environmental impacts under increasing rainfall variability and extremes.

Temporal variation of ecosystem carbon pools along altitudinal gradient and slope: the case of Chilimo dry afromontane natural forest, Central Highlands of Ethiopia

  • Tesfaye, Mehari A.;Gardi, Oliver;Bekele, Tesfaye;Blaser, Jurgen
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.161-182
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    • 2019
  • Quantifying the amount of carbon pools in forest ecosystems enables to understand about various carbon pools in the forest ecosystem. Therefore, this study was conducted in the Chilimo dry afromontane forest to estimate the amount of carbon stored. The natural forest was stratified into three forest patches based on species composition, diversity, and structure. A total of 50 permanent sample plots of 20 m × 20 m (400 ㎡ ) each were established, laid out on transects of altitudinal gradients with a distance of 100 m between plots. The plots were measured twice in 2012 and 2017. Tree, deadwood, mineral soil, forest floor, and stump data were collected in the main plots, while shrubs, saplings, herbaceous plants, and seedling data were sampled inside subplots. Soil organic carbon (SOC %) was analyzed following Walkely, while Black's procedure and bulk density were estimated following the procedure of Blake (Methods of soil analysis, 1965). Aboveground biomass was calculated using the equation of Chave et al. (Glob Chang Biol_20:3177-3190, 2014). Data analysis was made using RStudio software. To analyze equality of means, we used ANOVA for multiple comparisons among elevation classes at α = 0.05. The aboveground carbon of the natural forest ranged from 148.30 ± 115.02 for high altitude to 100.14 ± 39.93 for middle altitude, was highest at 151.35 ± 108.98 t C ha-1 for gentle slope, and was lowest at 88.01 ± 49.72 t C ha-1 for middle slope. The mean stump carbon density 2.33 ± 1.64 t C ha-1 was the highest for the middle slope, and 1.68 ± 1.21 t C ha-1 was the lowest for the steep slope range. The highest 1.44 ± 2.21 t C ha-1 deadwood carbon density was found under the middle slope range, and the lowest 0.21 ± 0.20 t C ha-1 was found under the lowest slope range. The SOCD up to 1 m depth was highest at 295.96 ± 80.45 t C ha-1 under the middle altitudinal gradient; however, it was lowest at 206.40 ± 65.59 t C ha-1 under the lower altitudinal gradient. The mean ecosystem carbon stock density of the sampled plots in natural forests ranged from 221.89 to 819.44 t C ha-1. There was a temporal variation in carbon pools along environmental and social factors. The highest carbon pool was contributed by SOC. We recommend forest carbon-related awareness creation for local people, and promotion of the local knowledge can be regarded as a possible option for sustainable forest management.

Analysis of the Characteristics of the Disaster Occurrence and the Disaster-prone Zones on the Forest Roads in the Jeollabuk-do Area (전라북도 지역의 임도 재해발생 및 위험지 특성분석)

  • Park, Ji-hyuck;Park, Chong-Min
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.104 no.4
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    • pp.598-606
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    • 2015
  • This study analyzed the characteristics of the disaster occurrence and disaster-prone zones on the 85 forest roads in the Jeollabuk-do area by referring to their forest environment factors. The on-site survey reveal the types of forest road disasters as follows: erosions of cutting slopes 54.1%, erosions of the filling slope 35.3%, collapses of cutting slopes with filling slope 9.4%, and erosions of road surface 1.1%. Disasters most frequently occurred in the vertical location (the hillside) and the horizontal location (the slope), and the forest factors affecting the road disasters were degree of cutting slopes in $31^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$, degree of filling slopes in $21^{\circ}{\sim}30^{\circ}$, and the soil texture of SiL. The most significant factors on the most frequent occurrence of forest road disasters were forest type of coniferous, slope aspect northeast, forest age of plantation and felling area, and rainfall in 1601~1700. An analysis of the occurrence of the forest road disasters in the Jeollabuk-do area showed a positive correlative relationship with the following factors of the forest environment within a 1% error: degree of cutting slope in $31^{\circ}{\sim}40^{\circ}$, annual accumulation rainfall in 1601~1700. and showed a positive correlative relationship with the following factors of the forest environment within a 5% error: horizontal location of valley, forest type of coniferous, length of slope more than 20 m, forest age of plantation and felling area, soil texture of SiL.