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http://dx.doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2010.12.3.197

Effects of Monsoon Rainfalls on Surface Water Quality in a Mountainous Watershed under Mixed Land Use  

Jo, Kyeong-Won (Department of Forest Environment Protection, College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
Lee, Hyun-Ju (Department of Forest Environment Protection, College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
Park, Ji-Hyung (Department of Forest Environment Protection, College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
Owen, Jeffrey S. (Department of Forest Environment Protection, College of Forest & Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology / v.12, no.3, 2010 , pp. 197-206 More about this Journal
Abstract
To provide baseline information essential for assessing environmental impacts of monsoon rainfalls in a mountainous watershed under mixed land use, we investigated spatiotemporal variations in water quality using a combined approach of seasonal water quality survey and intensive storm samplings. Biannual water sampling at nine locations encompassing major land use types showed generally lower electrical conductivity and Cl- concentrations during the typical wet period compared to the dry period, indicating rainfall-induced dilution of dissolved ions. Total metal concentrations, however, were significantly higher during the monsoon period, probably associated with rainfall-induced increases in suspended sediments. Intensive storm sampling during a small monsoon rainfall event (18 mm) and an extreme event (452 mm) showed rapid changes in both suspended sediments and dissolved solutes in an agricultural stream draining the Haean Basin where arable lands have expanded rapidly over the recent decades. By contrast, a nearby forest stream derived from North Korea showed little responses to the small event compared to larges changes during the extreme event. In the agricultural stream total Pb concentrations showed significant positive relationships with suspended sediments. Although limited sampling frequency and locations require a cautious interpretation, the overall results suggest that expansion of agricultural fields in steep mountainous watersheds can increase the susceptibility of soil erosion and its off-site environmental impacts under increasing rainfall variability and extremes.
Keywords
Climate variability; Monsoon rainfalls; Mountainous watersheds; Surface water quality; Trace metals;
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