• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.342-349
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the clinical and anatomical importance of the relevant region from the perspective of surgical approaches by determining the morphometric analysis of the craniocervical junction and foramen magnum (FM) region and determining their distances from important anatomical points. This research was carried out with 59 skulls found at the Anatomy Laboratories of Erciyes and Ankara Medipol University. Metric measurements of FM and condyle, FM shape, condyle-fossa relationship, and pharyngeal tubercle (PT) were made in mm-based dry bone samples of unknown age and sex. The distance between the anterior notches and the FM was 87.01±4.35, the distance between the anterior notches and the PT was 77.70±4.24, the distance between the PT-sphenooccipital junction was 13.23±2.42, and the FM index was 81.86±7.47. The anteroposterior and transverse lengths of FM were determined as 33.80±2.99 and 27.72±2.30, respectively. The morphometric and morphological data available regarding the craniocervical junction showed significant differences between populations. Comprehensive knowledge of this topic will provide a better approach to treat Arnold Chiari Malformation, FM meningiomas, and other posterior cranial fossa lesions. Therefore, we believe that FM and craniocervical junction morphology will be a guide not only for anatomists, but also for radiologists, neurosurgeons, ENT surgeons, and orthopedists.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.389-396
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• 2020

In order to obtain a good quality product, a proper verification of production/test facilities must be preceded before the quality conformity inspection of the product. Among the various production/test facilities, ATE is widely used in the civilian industry such as the automotive industry, aerospace industry, semiconductor industry today. In addition, ATE is actively used in the defense industry production and performance tests. This paper is the result of systematically verifying the Design Conformance of ATS which is ATE of military FM radio set using various methods. And It is expected to be a good reference at the present time when the design conformity verification procedure for ATE for military supplies is not documented.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2012

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic widespread pain with a low pain threshold. The aim of this study was to compare two criteria for the diagnosis and assessment of FM and to analyze the correlation and agreement between the 1990 and 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) preliminary diagnostic criteria for FM. Methods: We studied 98 patients who had already been diagnosed as having FM using the 1990 criteria or 2010 preliminary criteria. Tender point examination, FM impact questionnaire (FIQ) and pain visual analog scale (VAS) were obtained. According to the preliminary criteria, FM was quantified as WPI (widespread pain index) and the SS scale (symptom severity) and the two criteria were compared. Results: Among 98 patients, 78.6% of the patients were diagnosed with the 1990 ACR criteria and 93.9% of the patients were diagnosed with the ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria, and there was also significant agreement between the two criteria (P < 0.01). There was a correlation with the WPI and the tender point, with the SS and the FIQ, and with the sum of the WPI and SS and the FIQ. Conclusions: The ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria for FM were in agreement with the 1990 ACR criteria during the disease course. The preliminary criteria were the more sensitive method than the 1990 criteria. In addition, the 2010 criteria might have advantages since it is easy to assess the physical and psychological symptoms and can be quantified. Therefore, the ACR preliminary diagnostic criteria for FM could be used more conveniently for clinical diagnosis and follow up evaluation after starting management of FM.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1418-1425
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• 2022

Objective: An experiment was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in fish meal (FM) and blood-derived protein sources including spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP), porcine red blood cells (PRBC), and blood meal (BM) fed to growing pigs. Methods: Ten barrows (mean initial body weight of 22.1±1.54 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were allotted to a duplicated 5×4 incomplete Latin square design with 5 experimental diets and 4 periods. Four experimental diets were prepared to contain FM, SDPP, PRBC, or BM as the sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet was prepared and included to estimate the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. For the 7-day experimental period, pigs were fed for 5 days as adaptation, and ileal digesta samples were collected for 9 hours on days 6 and 7. Results: The SID of crude protein in BM (48.0%) was less (p<0.05) than in FM, SDPP, and PRBC (83.4%, 83.9%, and 87.3%, respectively). Pigs fed the diet containing BM had less (p<0.05) SID of AA, except isoleucine and proline, than those fed the diet containing FM, SDPP, or PRBC. Among FM, SDPP, and PRBC, there was no difference in the SID of crude protein and all AA, except isoleucine. The SID of isoleucine in PRBC and BM (62.7% and 48.3%, respectively) was less (p<0.05) than in FM and SDPP (88.0% and 84.9%, respectively). The SID of lysine in FM, SDPP, PRBC, and BM was 85.4%, 84.9%, 89.7%, and 51.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The SID of most AA was not different among FM, SDPP, and PRBC, but BM had lower SID of most AA than FM, SDPP, and PRBC.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.329-334
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• 2016

In this paper, we demonstrate a Non-Foster matching method for an electrically small antenna to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of communication link. For the experiment, we used a general FM antenna whose resonance frequency is about 52-57 MHz and a floating type Linvill negative impedance converter(NIC)-based circuit as a Non-Foster matching element. By implementing the Non-Foster circuit to cover FM band, we can achieve a wide bandwidth matching covers 40-200 MHz. Our measurement shows 3-7 dB improvement of SNR for the same bandwidth though there are several spikes which means no improvement of SNR in the band.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.872-881
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• 2012

The Flight Model (FM) of a high-resolution electro-optical camera (EOS-C Ver.3.0), the mission payload of an Earth observation satellite, was successfully developed by Satrec Initiative. We designed it to give improved thermal representatives compared with the Structural-Thermal Model (STM) by optimizing the thermal characteristics based on the STM thermal vacuum test results. We developed the FM and verified the workmanship by performing the acceptance level thermal vacuum test. We also conducted the verification of its Thermal Mathematical Model (TMM) by the thermal balance test. As the result, it was confirmed that TMM faithfully represents the thermal characteristics of the EOS-C Ver.3.0 FM.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2009

This paper proposes a Gaussian mixture model(GMM)-based music discrimination system for FM broadcasting. The objective of the system is automatically archiving music signals from audio broadcasting programs that are normally mixed with human voices, music songs, commercial musics, and other sounds. To improve the system performance, make it more robust and to accurately cut the starting/ending-point of the recording, we also added a post-processing module. Experimental results on various input signals of FM radio programs under PC environments show excellent performance of the proposed system. The fixed-point simulation shows the same results under 3MIPS computational power.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.481-496
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• 2024

Internal erosion around pipes can lead to the failure of earth dams through various mechanisms. This study investigates the displacement patterns in earth dam models under three different failure modes due to internal erosion, using digital image correlation (DIC) methods. Three failure modes—erosion along a pipe (FM1), pipe leakage leading to soil erosion (FM2), and erosion in a pipe due to defects (FM3)—are analyzed using two- and three-dimensional image- processing techniques. The internal displacement of the cross-sectional area and the surface displacement of the downstream slope in the dam models are monitored using an image acquisition system. Physical model tests reveal that FM1 exhibits significant displacement on the upper surface of the downstream slope, FM2 shows focused displacement around the pipe defect, and FM3 demonstrates increased displacement on the upstream slope. The variations in internal and surface displacements with time depend on the segmented area and failure mode. Analyzing the relationships between internal and surface displacements using Pearson correlation coefficients reveals various displacement patterns for the segmented areas and failure modes. Therefore, the image-based characterization methods presented in this study may be useful for analyzing the displacement distribution and behavior of earth dams around pipes, and further, for understanding and predicting their failure mechanisms.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2001

To replace fish meal (FM) in the diet of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis nloticus, different levels of Iysine cell mass (LCM) were added to diet on protein equivalent base. fish averaging 3.0 g fed one of nine diets containing isonitrogenous and isocaloric basis of 35% crude protein and 15.3kJ available energy/g diet: $LCM_0, 100% FM: LCM_{10}, 90% FM+10% LCM, LCM_{20}, 80% FM+20% LCM; LCM_{30}, 70% FM+30% LCM; LCM_{40}, 60% FM+40% LCM; LCM_{30}l, 70% FM+30% LCM+lysine; LCM_{30}ln, 70% FM +30% LCM + lysine +NaOH; LCM_{40}lan, 60% FM+40% LCM+lysine+arginine; LCM_{40}/lan, 60% FM+40% LCM+lysine+arginine+NaOH.$. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, there were no significant differences in weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) among fish fed LCM$_{0}$ (control diet), LCM_{10}, LCM_{30}, LCM_{40}, LCM_{30}l, LCM_{30}ln, LCA_{40}la and LCM_{40}lan diets (P>0.05)$, while fishes fed $LCM_{20} diet were significantly higher than those fed LCM_{0}, LCM_{30}, LCM_{40}, LCM_{40}la and LCM_{40$}lan diets (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) among fish fed control diet, $LCM_{10}, LCM_{20}, LCM_{30}ln, LCM_{ 40}la and LCM_{40}$lan diets (P>0.05), while fishes fed control diet were significantly higher than those fed $LCM_{30}, LCM_{40} and LCM_{40}l diets (P<0.05)$. Positive effects were not shown in WG and SGR with supplementation of amino acids (lysine & arginine) and neutralizatio, while FE and PER from fish fed $LCM_{40}la and LCM_{40}lan diets were significantly higher than those fed LCM_{30}, LCM_{40} and LCM_{30}$l diets (P<0.05). Hence, LCM can replace FM up to 40%, and dietary suppl-ementacon and neutralization of amino acids showed positive effects, when FE and PER were considered in juvenile tilapia diet.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.698-705
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• 2010

A vehicle antenna for AM, FM, TDMB, GPS systems was designed and implemented. Omnidirectional AM antenna was designed by ferrite turn style antenna. For the FM and TDMB antenna, folded monopole antenna which helical is folded was applied. GPS antenna for the bandwidth achievement was designed by trapezoidal microstrip patch that has air substrate. Receiving signal strengths by the measurement were presented for the AM, FM and TDMB antenna. AM signal strength was -65.7 dBm, this strength is almost as same conventional pole antenna as -63.4 dBm. It can be replaced conventional pole or glass antenna by the studied antenna. Signal strengths for FM and TDMB were -55.66 and -43.50 dBm at center frequency, they are 5~10 dB higher than conventional antenna. Measurements of bandwidth and gain for the GPS antenna showed 135 MHz under VSWR 2 : 1 and 4.31 dBi, gains over GPS band were 3~5 dB higher than ceramic patch antenna.