• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.137-156
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• 1999

Flexibility is a competitive weapon in the changing environment. In order to pursue the flexibility, Korean manufacturing companies must define the flexibility dimension clearly, build the appropriate manufacturing infrastructures and measure the right flexibility performance indicators. This paper found out as follows. First, Korean manufacturing companies' flexibility strategy groups were formed three types. They are flexibility superior group, middle flexibility group and flexibility inferior group. Second, when different types of flexibility strategy group measured their performances, the degree of importance of flexibility performance indicators were different among groups. Third, when different types of flexibility strategy group were pursued, the different manufacturing methods such as product/process design technology, analysis technology, production system management technology and non technological factors were used. Lastly, when different types of flexibility strategy group were pursued, the actual flexibility performances were different among groups.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.643-650
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• 2005

The object of this study is the development of a measuring framework for supply chain flexibility. Prior to treat supply chain flexibility, time flexibility, quantity flexibility, and cash-flow flexibility for each company are newly suggested. Especially, all developed measures can deal with the monetary point of view through various cost functions. Then weights of time flexibility, quantity flexibility, cash-flow flexibility are determined to find the effect of the level of flexibility in the supply chain. This is based on the relationship between the ratio of profit to revenue and value of three developed flexibility measures. To find the level of weight for each flexibility measure, neural network theory is used. Then the forecasting of the ratio of profit to revenue for all companies in the next period can be available. Therefore, all companies in the supply chain can control their operating processes to improve flexibility.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.20 no.43
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• pp.277-285
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• 1997

In this paper, the definition to flexibility is examined through the literature and re-classified to set up an evaluation model. Flexibility is classified into three categories to find the flexibility types for evaluation. The flexibility type called as manufacturing flexibility is defined and a model is developed to make the performance evaluation possible, The manufacturing flexibility has a heavy relationship to the machine flexibility; and 5 flexibility types out of 8 have relationship to the machine flexibility. This indicates that it is possible to have a pretty good evaluation measure if the machine flexibility related types could be evaluated using a model. There are four different inter-arrival times in the model. A big time saving is observed if the processing time is set equal to 72 second. This indicates that a flexibility affects the system a lot if the inter-arrival time is close to the processing time. The model used in this paper includes multi-processes in a production line with machine failure. However, development of realistic models with buffer between processes and some of the flexibility types not included in this model are remained for further research.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2004

This report examines the issue of designing an efficient production system by increasing several types of flexibility. Increasing manufacturing flexibility is a key strategy for efficiently improving market responsiveness in the face of uncertain market demand for final products. The manufacturing system comprises multiple plants, of which individual plants have multiple manufacturing lines that are designed to produce limited types of products in accordance with their size and materials. Imbalance in the workload occurs among plants as well as among manufacturing lines because of fluctuations in market demand for final products. Thereby, idleness of some manufacturing lines and longer lead times in some manufacturing lines occur as a result of the high workload. We clarify how these types of flexibility affect manufacturing performance by improving only one type of flexibility or by improving multiple types of flexibility simultaneously. The average lead time and the imbalance in workload are adopted as measures of manufacturing performance. Three types of manufacturing flexibility are interrelated: machine flexibility, routing flexibility, and process flexibility. Machine flexibility refers to the various types of operations that a machine can perform without requiring the prohibitive effort of switching from one order to another. Routing flexibility is the capability of processing a given set of part types using more than one line (alternative line) in the plant. Process flexibility results from being able to build different types of final products at the same plant.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-99
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• 2004

Manufacturing flexibility has strategic position in improving competitive advantage as a mechanism that responses environmental uncertainty. Thus this study aims at recognizing strategic meaning of manufacturing flexibility in enhancing the competitive advantage and measuring manufacturing flexibility and ultimately analyzing the effects of IT use on the manufacturing flexibility. Consequently we proved that IT use have an effect on manufacturing flexibility and manufacturing flexibility has an effect on competitive advantage in this study The results of this study are as follows. First, information acquisition and decision support by IT use has a significant effect on enhancing the manufacturing flexibility and manufacturing flexibility has a significant effect on improving the competitive advantage. Theses results are also means that IT use to support AMT usage is more important than AMT itself in the achieving manufacturing flexibility.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.165-171
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of human resource flexibility on organizational commitment and to verify the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between human resource flexibility and organizational commitment. In order to achieve this research purpose, a survey was conducted on employees working in the service industry in China, and the results of the analysis are as follows. First, it was found that technological flexibility, behavioral flexibility, and relationship flexibility, which are sub-factors of human resource flexibility, all had a significant positive effect on organizational commitment. Second, as a result of verifying the mediating effect of self-efficacy in the relationship between human resource flexibility and organizational commitment, it was verified that self-efficacy has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between technological flexibility, behavioral flexibility, relationship flexibility, and organizational commitment. Finally, the implications of this study were presented and the future research direction was discussed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.14 no.24
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• pp.155-161
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• 1991

Flexibility has become a key objectives in the design of manufacturing systems and a critical measure of total manufacturing performance. The need for flexibility is increasing due to some environmental change such as changing technical characteristics of the products and the changing nature of market demands. Most importantly, flexibility embodies competitive value for a manufacturer. Although the importance of flexibility has stressed in the various research, very few attempts have been made to synthesize the literature dealing with definitions and measure of flexibility. It is this issue that have motivated us to search for the definition and classification of flexibility.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.4 s.76
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• pp.91-100
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental trends in children's gender-role flexibility across different areas of gender-role concept(appearance, activities, occupations, personality trails). Participants included 74 children(1st, 3rd, 5th graders). They were interviewed on a series of 16 pictures depicting cross-gender characteristics. Analyses revealed that (a) flexibility reached its peak at around age 8, which then remained the same except in appearance, (b) girls showed higher flexibility than boys except in occupations, (c) children showed the lowest flexibility in appearance and the highest in occupations, (d) children showed the lowest flexibility toward a male target child with cross-gender characteristic, and (e) children's justifications for flexibility were varied according to the situations. The results suggest that children's gender-role flexibility is influenced by age, sex, areas of gender-role concept, and target persons.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.189-205
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• 2006

Gender role flexibility in social and non-social situations across 4 areas of gender-role concepts(appearance, activities, occupations, and personality traits) were studied in 74 1st, 3rd, and 5th grade children. They were interviewed with 16 pictures depicting cross-gender characteristics. Children showed higher flexibility in social than in non-social situations. In social situations, children justified cross-gender characteristics in all 4 areas of gender-role concept. In non-social situations, children showed (a) highest flexibility in occupations and lowest in appearance, (b) lower flexibility toward male than female target children, (c) peak flexibility at age 8, then remaining the same except for appearance, and (d) higher flexibility in girls than in boys. In social and non-social situations children gave variable justifications for flexibility.

• Architectural research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.191-200
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• 2013

Since Modern Movement flexibility has been one of the most attractive words in architecture. However, "overprovision first, division later" has been the most prevailing design method for spatial flexibility, and many of buildings designed for flexible use are practically quite inflexible due to insufficient building systems or/and irresponsible planning. There have been two dominant strategies to achieve architectural flexibility: multi-functionality and polyvalence. These two approaches, which point contradictory directions, actually reflect the difficulty in providing a proper form of architectural flexibility. Multi-functionality can afford changeable environments with satisfying spatial conditions; however it lacks tolerance to accommodate other uses but intended functions by architects. Meanwhile, flexibility by a polyvalent form relies on the vague anticipation of user's various interpretations. In this study by looking up these two different standpoints and historical precedents flexibility in architecture is carefully scrutinized focused on the contradiction, and as an alternative for architectural flexibility contextual relations is proposed. Unlike both multi-functionality and polyvalence, which produce flexibility by changing its own properties, manipulating contextual relations infuses flexibility into space by changing the properties of a building, not of its individual room. By using this contextual relations method, a community-centered school in Manhattan, NY, which was in danger of being closed because of its academic failure, is represented as a flexible space.