• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.789-800
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• 2021

Objective: Conservation and genetic improvement of cattle breeds require information about genetic diversity and population structure of the cattle. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of the three cattle breeds in the Korean peninsula. Methods: Jeju Black, Hanwoo, Holstein cattle in Korea, together with six foreign breeds were examined. Genetic diversity within the cattle breeds was analyzed with minor allele frequency (MAF), observed and expected heterozygosity (HO and HE), inbreeding coefficient (FIS) and past effective population size. Molecular variance and population structure between the nine breeds were analyzed using a model-based clustering method. Genetic distances between breeds were evaluated with Nei's genetic distance and Weir and Cockerham's FST. Results: Our results revealed that Jeju Black cattle had lowest level of heterozygosity (HE = 0.21) among the studied taurine breeds, and an average MAF of 0.16. The level of inbreeding was -0.076 for Jeju Black, while -0.018 to -0.118 for the other breeds. Principle component analysis and neighbor-joining tree showed a clear separation of Jeju Black cattle from other local (Hanwoo and Japanese cattle) and taurine/indicine cattle breeds in evolutionary process, and a distinct pattern of admixture of Jeju Black cattle having no clustering with other studied populations. The FST value between Jeju Black cattle and Hanwoo was 0.106, which was lowest across the pair of breeds ranging from 0.161 to 0.274, indicating some degree of genetic closeness of Jeju Black cattle with Hanwoo. The past effective population size of Jeju Black cattle was very small, i.e. 38 in 13 generation ago, whereas 209 for Hanwoo. Conclusion: This study indicates genetic uniqueness of Jeju Black cattle. However, a small effective population size of Jeju Black cattle indicates the requirement for an implementation of a sustainable breeding policy to increase the population for genetic improvement and future conservation.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2022

In response to luteinizing hormone (LH), a higher concentration of progesterone (P4) is produced in luteal cells of corpus luteum (CL). Mitochondria are an essential cellular organelle in steroidogenesis. The specific engagement of the concept regarding mitochondrial shaping with early stages of steroidogenesis was suggested in reproductive endocrine cells. Although the specific involvement of GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) with steroidogenesis has been demonstrated in luteal cells of bovine CL in vitro, its actual relationship with ovarian steroidogenesis during the estrous cycle remains unknown. In this study, while Fis1 and Opa1 protein levels did not show significant changes during the estrous cycle, Drp1, Mfn1, and Mfn2 proteins exhibited relatively lower levels at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. 3β-HSD showed higher levels at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. In addition, Drp1 phosphorylation (s637) was higher in proestrus than in estrus or diestrus. Immune-positive cells for Drp1, pDrp1 (s637), and 3β-HSD were all localized in the cytoplasm of luteal cells in the CL. The immune-positive cells for 3β-HSD were more frequently seen in the CL at proestrus than at estrus or diestrus. Immunoreactivity for Drp1 in luteal cells at proestrus was weaker than that at estrus or diestrus. However, pDrp1 (s637) immune-positive cells were mostly detected in luteal cells at proestrus. These results imply that steroidogenesis (P4 production) in the CL is closely related to phosphorylation of Drp1 at serine 637. Taken together, this study presents evidence that Drp1 phosphorylation at serine 637 is an important step in steroidogenesis in the CL.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.49.1-49.1
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• 2021

We carried out simultaneous monitoring observations of five maser lines, H₂O (22 GHz), SiO 𝝊 =1, 2, J =1-0 (43.1, 42.8 GHz), and SiO 𝝊 =1, J=2-1, J =3-2 (86.2, 129.3 GHz), toward the Mira variable star WX Serpentis with the 21-m antennas of the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) in 2009-2021 (~12 years). Most spectra of the H₂O maser are well separated into two parts of two blue- and one redshifted features within ± 10 km s-1 of the stellar velocity. All detected SiO masers are generally concentrated within ± 5 km s-1 of the stellar velocity, and sometimes appear split into two components. Overall, the profiles of SiO and H₂O masers detected in WX Serpentis illustrate typical characteristics of the Mira variable. In addition, flux variations of both SiO and H₂O masers are well correlated with the optical light curve of the central star, showing a phase lag of ~ 0.1 for SiO masers and ~ 0.2 for H₂O maser. This phenomenon is considered to be the direct effect of propagating shock waves generated by the stellar pulsation, because SiO and H₂O masers are sequentially distributed at different positions with respect to the central star. In addition, we analyzed long-term trends and characteristics of maser velocities, maser ratio, and the velocity extents (the full width at zero power; FWZP). We also investigated a spectral energy distribution (SED) ranging from 1.2 to 240 ㎛ obtained using several infrared data: 2MASS, WISE, IRAS, ISO, COBE DIBRE, RAFGL, and AKARI (IRC and FIS). From the IRAS LRS and ISO SWS spectra of this star, we identified 9.7 and 12 ㎛ silicate emission features consistent with the SE6 spectrum model, corresponding to the typical AGB phase.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.752-761
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• 2023

Genetic diversity serves as the basis for selecting and genetically enhancing any culturable species in aquaculture. Here, two different strains of wild (River Ravi and River Kabul) and six captive-bred strains of Labeo rohita from various provinces were se- lected, and genetic diversity among them was evaluated using three different microsatellite markers, i.e., Lr-28, Lr-29, and Lr-37, and one mitochondrial CO1 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) gene. Different strains of L. rohita were collected, and part of their caudal fin was cut and preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction and determination of genetic diversity among them. Results in- dicated that selected markers were polymorphic with polymorphic information content (PIC) content values above 0.5 with the highest in Lr-28 followed by Lr-29 and then Lr-37. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) of all strains was higher (Avg: 0.731) but less than the expected heterozygosity (He). Moreover, TMs and WRs showed the highest He, while TKs showed the lowest, He. Over- all, inbreeding coefficient (FIS) values observed for all strains with selected markers were positive. The DNA barcoding with the CO1 gene revealed genetic variation among various strains, as demonstrated by the clades in the phylogenetic tree separating the strains into two distinct clusters that then divided into sub-clusters. In conclusion, TMs showed the highest heterozygosity as compared to other strains. Overall results provide the baseline data for the initiation of the genetic improvement program.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.602-614
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• 2023

본 연구는 근생성 및 근위축 완화효능을 가진 유효소재 발굴의 필요성에 의해 polygalacin D가 근원세포 분화 및 미토콘드리아에 미치는 영향과 항암제 유도 근위축에 대한 완화효과를 각각 세포 및 동물실험을 통해 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과, polygalacin D는 다핵을 지닌 근관세포의 수와 분화 종결인자인 MHC isoforms의 발현량을 증가시켰고 근육 내 단백질 분해 인자인 MuRF1, Smad2/3의 발현량은 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 또한 미토콘드리아 생합성 조절인자인 Pgc1α의 발현은 증가시키고 미토콘드리아 분열인자인 Drp1과 Fis1의 발현은 감소시켰다. 한편 zebrafish 동물모델을 통해 항암제 유도 근위축에 대한 개선효과를 확인한 결과, polygalacin D는 항암제에 의해 유도된 근위축과 미토콘드리아 손상을 완화시켰다. 이상의 결과들은 polygalacin D가 미토콘드리아 기능 증진을 매개로 근원세포 분화 촉진 및 근육 단백질 분해 저하 효과를 지닐 뿐만 아니라, 미토콘드리아 손상을 개선하여 항암제로 유도된 근위축에 대한 완화 효과를 나타냄을 시사한다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 polygalacin D가 근생성 및 근위축 예방과 치료를 위한 잠재적인 유효소재로서의 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.297-298
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• 2012

ANIR (Atacama Near InfraRed camera) is a near infrared camera for the University of Tokyo Atacama 1m telescope, installed at the summit of Co. Chajnantor (5,640 m altitude) in northern Chile. The high altitude and extremely low water vapor (PWV = 0.5 mm) of the site enable us to perform observation of hydrogen $Pa{\alpha}$ emission line at $1.8751{\mu}m$. Since its first light observation in June 2009, we have been carrying out a $Pa{\alpha}$ narrow-band imaging survey of nearby luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs), and have obtained $Pa{\alpha}$ for 38 nearby LIRGs listed in AKARI/FIS-PSC at the velocity of recession between 2,800 km/s and 8,100 km/s. LIRGs are affected by a large amount of dust extinction ($A_V$~ 3 mag), produced by their active star formation activities. Because $Pa{\alpha}$ is the strongest hydrogen recombination line in the infrared wavelength ranges, it is a good and direct tracer of dust-enshrouded star forming regions, and enables us to probe the star formation activities in LIRGs. We find that LIRGs have two star-forming modes. The origin of the two modes probably come from differences between merging stage and/or star-forming process.

• 천문학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.261-288
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• 2016

We present the results of simultaneous monitoring observations of $H_2O$ $6_{1,6}-5_{2,3}$ (22GHz) and SiO J=1-0, 2-1, 3-2 maser lines (43, 86, 129GHz) toward five post-AGB (candidate) stars, using the 21-m single-dish telescopes of the Korean VLBI Network. Depending on the target objects, 7 - 11 epochs of data were obtained. We detected both $H_2O$ and SiO maser lines from four sources: OH16.1-0.3, OH38.10-0.13, OH65.5+1.3, and IRAS 19312+1950. We could not detect $H_2O$ maser emission toward OH13.1+5.1 between the late OH/IR and post-AGB stage. The detected $H_2O$ masers show typical double-peaked line profiles. The SiO masers from four sources, except IRAS 19312+1950, show the peaks around the stellar velocity as a single peak, whereas the SiO masers from IRAS 19312+1950 occur above the red peak of the $H_2O$ maser. We analyzed the properties of detected maser lines, and investigated their evolutionary state through comparison with the full widths at zero power. The distribution of observed target sources was also investigated in the IRAS two-color diagram in relation with the evolutionary stage of post-AGB stars. From our analyses, the evolutionary sequence of observed sources is suggested as OH65.5+1.3${\rightarrow}$OH13.1+5.1${\rightarrow}$OH16.1-0.3${\rightarrow}$OH38.10-0.13, except for IRAS 19312+1950. In addition, OH13.1+5.1 from which the $H_2O$ maser has not been detected is suggested to be on the gateway toward the post-AGB stage. With respect to the enigmatic object, IRAS 19312+1950, we could not clearly figure out its nature. To properly explain the unusual phenomena of SiO and $H_2O$ masers, it is essential to establish the relative locations and spatial distributions of two masers using VLBI technique. We also include the $1.2-160{\mu}m$ spectral energy distribution using photometric data from the following surveys: 2MASS, WISE, MSX, IRAS, and AKARI (IRC and FIS). In addition, from the IRAS LRS spectra, we found that the depth of silicate absorption features shows significant variations depending on the evolutionary sequence, associated with the termination of AGB phase mass-loss.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2016

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia is the primary characteristic of diabetes and is associated with many complications. The role of hyperglycemia in the dysfunction of human cardiac progenitor cells that can regenerate damaged cardiac tissue has been investigated, but the exact mechanism underlying this association is not clear. Thus, we examined whether hyperglycemia could regulate mitochondrial dynamics and lead to cardiac progenitor cell dysfunction, and whether blocking glucose uptake could rescue this dysfunction. High glucose in cardiac progenitor cells results in reduced cell viability and decreased expression of cell cycle-related molecules, including CDK2 and cyclin E. A tube formation assay revealed that hyperglycemia led to a significant decrease in the tube-forming ability of cardiac progenitor cells. Fluorescent labeling of cardiac progenitor cell mitochondria revealed that hyperglycemia alters mitochondrial dynamics and increases expression of fission-related proteins, including Fis1 and Drp1. Moreover, we showed that specific blockage of GLUT1 improved cell viability, tube formation, and regulation of mitochondrial dynamics in cardiac progenitor cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that high glucose leads to cardiac progenitor cell dysfunction through an increase in mitochondrial fission, and that a GLUT1 blocker can rescue cardiac progenitor cell dysfunction and downregulation of mitochondrial fission. Combined therapy with cardiac progenitor cells and a GLUT1 blocker may provide a novel strategy for cardiac progenitor cell therapy in cardiovascular disease patients with diabetes.

• 생태와환경
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• 제34권3호통권95호
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• pp.223-238
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• 2001

낙동강 본류 및 지천을 중심으로 20개 지점에서 1999년 7월부터 2000년 12월까지 지점별 3${\sim}$7회에 걸쳐 어류상을 조사한 결과 총 17과 48종 4,791개체가 채집되었다. 잉어과 (25종: 상대풍부도 (RA), 91.8%)가 우점하였으며, Zacco platypus (RA: 18.0%)는 우점종으로 나타났으며, 아우점종은 Opsariichthys bidens (17.1%), Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae (13.2%), Hemibarbus lab대 (9.9%), Z. temmincki (8.2%) 순으로 나타났다. 채집된 종중 한국고유종은 모두 12종으로 나타났다(4과, 1,172개체 , 24.5%). 외래도입종은 Carassius cuvieri (25개체), Micropterus salmoides (214개 체), Lepomis macrochirus (14개 체), Oreochromis niloticus (6개체) 등 4종이 채집되었다. M. salmoides는 낙동강의 중류와 하류부에 고루 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 집괴분석 결과 세집단으로 나뉘었으며, St. 10(구미)부터 하류집단에 포함되었다. 1990년대 후반 낙동강에 유입된 M. salmoides는 하류부에서 급격히 그 수가 증가하였다(하류 RA 8.8%). M. salmoides의 섭식은 Daphnia sp.가 일반적이었으며 (<100 mm), Cladocera (< 150 mm)와 Insecta (< 200 mm)는 특별한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권5B호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2011

변화할 것으로 예측되고 있는 기후환경에서 현재 수공구조물의 적응능력을 평가하고 지속가능한 시스템을 만들고자 하는 것은 최근의 수자원 관리의 핵심이다. 본 연구에서는 한강수계 5개의 댐을 대상으로 다양한 유입량에 따른 방류량 및 저류량의 변화를 퍼지 추론 시스템을 이용하여 분석하였다. 유입량의 변화에 대한 최대 저류량 및 최소 저류량의 변화를 저수지의 적응능력이라 정의하여 분석한 결과, 저류용량이 상대적으로 작은 광동댐은 유입량의 급격한 증가를 감당하기 어려우며, 소양강댐은 강우량 변화에 대한 적응능력이 가장 뛰어난 것으로 판단되었다. 그러나 퍼지 추론 시스템은 소속함수를 임의로 지정하고, 과거 자료를 이용하여 검증하기가 용이하지 않으므로, 보다 정확하고 효율적인 모의를 위해 소양강댐을 대상으로 적응 신경망-퍼지추론 시스템을 구축하여 적응능력을 평가하였다. 과거 자료의 빈도분석 결과와 기후변화 시나리오를 바탕으로 구축된 9개의 강우 시나리오에 대해 소양강댐의 방류량 및 저류량을 모의한 결과, 유입 시나리오에 따라 매우 상이한 저수지 운영결과를 나타냄을 알 수 있으며, 적응 신경망-퍼지 추론 시스템이 변화하는 강우량과 패턴에도 불구하고 안정적으로 저수지를 운영함을 알 수 있었다.