• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 1988

남미산 흡혈박쥐구esmodus rohndusl의 서열관계에 대해 자연상태와 유사한 조건하에서 사육상태의 집단을 연구하였다. 이들의 서열은 먹이장소에서 2마리의 성체들이 만났을때 4가지로 서로 다른 행동들(도망가기, 날아가기, 기다리기, 피하기)에 의해 결정했다. 공격행동(싸움후 도망가기)은 관찰된 전체행동들 가운데 16호로 비교적 적게 나타났다. 암컷들의 서열은 일부 먹이 서열에 의해서도 반영되었다. Harem수컷은 non-harem수컷들에 대해서 우위를 차지하였으며 열세 행동을 보여 주었다. 그러나 이 harem 수컷은 그의 성적 파트너에 대해서는 공격행동을 보이지 않았다. Dominance relationship was investigated in a captive of Desmodus rotundus, a neotopical sangivorous bat, under seminaturalistic conditions. The hierarchy was determined from four different behaviors (flee, fly-out, avoid, wait) by the encounter of ho adult bats on the feeding site. The aggressive action (flee after fighting) was relatively low (16%) compare to the other three observed behaviors. The hierarchy of the females reflected sometimes in the feeding order The harem male dominated the non-harem males and exhibited his territorial behavior. However, to his sex partners he didn't show aggressions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.888-892
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• 1994

Acquired, traumatic tracheoesophageal fistula [TEF] is rare and difficult problem to manage. This 55 years old man met with a roller accident of a tractor. During accident, he received a penetrating injury on the left upper sternal border. At local clinic, he received closed thoracotomy drainage [CTD]for relief of pneumothorax[left]. Three days after CTD, he complained abdominal pain and hematemesis. The endoscopy revealed large ulcer at the stomach, so he received subtotal gastrectomy. On 10th day post subtotal gastrectomy, he developed aspiration and coughing from a TEF. The esophagogram showed large TEF at the mid-trachea level. So he transfered to our hospital for operation. This patient was operated on for late TEF three weeks after injury. We have used absorble 4-0 Vicryl sutures to repair trachea. We repair all esophageal injuries with two layers of nonabsorbable silk suture. Where suture line on the esophagus, the strap muscle was interposed for reinforcement. And for feeding, the feeding jejunostomy was performed. Postoperatively the osteomyelitis of the manubrium site was developed, so on the 30th postoperative day, an ostectomy of manubrium, both clavicle and fight 1st, 2nd ribs, and the pectoralis major musculo-cutaneous flap coverage were performed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.800-805
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• 1992

Acquired, nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula is an uncommom and difficult problem to manage. The most commom cause is a complication of endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes. Most are diagnosed while patients still require mechanical ventilation. The principle of treatment is two stage operation. First, new tracheostomy tube is placed so that the baloon is below the fistula, and gastrostomy and feeding jejunostomy are made for the drainage and feeding. Finally after weaning from the mechanical ventilation, tracheal resection and reconstruction are made, and the esophageal defect is closed in two layers and a viable strap muscle interposed into the two suture site to prevent recurrence. Recently, we experienced a case of acquired nonmalignant tracheoesophageal fistula which was developed during mechanical ventilation. She was successfully treated with the above two stage operation.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.275-283
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• 2018

This study created the running water (Bandibooliwon) and lentic water (Sooryunwon) artificial habitats of Luciola lateralis in Hwadamsup, Gwangju-si, Gyunggi-do from April 2014 to February 2016. Through various habitat types, metapopulation was formed, and more sound population was induced to be maintained via interactions between habitats. We investigated coenosite at the habitat creation-target site, and 20 species in the lentic water site and 38 species in running water site were found. After releasing L. lateralis, we checked the status of settlement of L. lateralis larvae through traps and macroscopy, controlled the flow velocity of the habitats in line with the life cycle of L. lateralis (hatching, larva period, landing, pupation, copulation, and oviposition), and shaped gentle slope at water side, and planted moss. We artificially supplied melanian snails (Semisulcospira sp.), the food source, in the running water site and induced stable feeding. Also, We created artificial insectary, bred larvae stably in winter, and secured firefly population for a festival. Through night time observation, the time most suitable for a festival was confirmed to be from 20:30 to 22:00.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2012

This study was conducted to examine how a low-head dam removal (partial removal) could affect benthic macroinvertebrate communities in a stream. Benthic macroinvertebrates and substrates were seasonally sampled before and after dam removal (March 2006-April 2007). Benthic macroinvertebrates and substrates were quantitatively sampled from immediately upstream (upper: pool) and downstream (lower: riffle) sites, the location of the dam itself (middle), and immediately above the impoundment (control: riffle). After the removal, species richness and density of benthic macroinvertebrates as well as the EPT group (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) increased to higher levels than those before the removal, while functional feeding groups and habitat orientation groups changed more heterogeneously at the upper site. At the lower site, species richness and density decreased somewhat immediately after dam removal, which was associated with an increase of silt and sand, but recovered after monsoon floods which helped to enhance substrate diversity at the upper site. Decreased dominance index and increased diversity index in both the upper and lower sites are evidence of positive effects from the dam removal. In conclusion, we suggest that even a partial removal of a dam, resulting in increased substrate diversity in the upper site, could sufficiently help rehabilitate lost ecological integrity of streams without major habitat changes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.516-522
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of the anthropogenic factors affecting distribution of the Red-crowned Crane and White-naped Crane wintering in Cheorwon, Korea. Especially, it was investigated that the impact power and its range of the anthropogenic effect to the feeding flock density in cranes due to the paved road, residential area, military facilities and greenhouse density. The Red-crowned Crane and the White-naped Crane showed the similar preference and sensitivity against anthropogenic factors, because correlation of feeding flock density of the Red-crowned Crane and White-naped Crane was similar in the same site. The feeding flock density of the cranes near the residential area was lower than that of area far from the area, and tended to increase within 2.5 km distance. The increasing tendencies of feeding flock density from military facilities and high traffic volume road were similar, but the density in military facilities increased within 0.8 km, and the density from high traffic volume road increased within 2 km. This results suggested that military facilities and the road with high traffic volume made significant influence on foraging densities to the certain range. As the distance from the road with low traffic volume increased, feeding flock density tended to decrease. The area near the low traffic volume road had high feeding flock density because remaining rice grains were preserved by intermittent disturbances in that area. If the density of greenhouse is lower than $40/km^2$, feeding flock density in the low greenhouses density area was higher than high greenhouses density area. However, there was no difference in the feeding flock density if the density of the green houses is higher than $40/km^2$.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.556-565
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• 2010

Community analysis based on functional feeding groups of benthic macro invertebrates at Wangpi-cheon was assessed with the result of four field survey from October, 2007 to May, 2008. A total 138 species of benthic macro invertebrates in 58 families, 16 orders, 6 classes, and 4 phyla were collected during the field surveys. The result of EPT index value showed high value of 61.59% and it means that the stream ecosystem of Wangpi-cheon is very clear and healthy. In this study the functional feeding groups in Wangpi-cheon were divided into two groups. First, Scrapers and Collectors-Gathering group which is normally dominant in midstream showed higher dominance in main stream than tributary. Second, shredders group showed higher dominance in tributary than main stream like as the general characteristics of upriver. With the result of cluster analysis based on the similarity index, the study areas could be grouped into a natural area(A group) and an artificial disturbance area(B group; site 8 and 11) where embankment, bank and levee had been built near by. And also, the natural area(A group) was classified into two groups which had the characteristic of main(site 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7) stream and tributary(site 5, 6, 9 and 10) respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.266-274
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• 2017

We surveyed the habitat use and food materials of the endangered Swan Goose (Anser cygnoides) during the wintering period at the Seocheon tidal flat. The bird wintered about six months from October 2014 to early April 2015 at the flat. They showed a remarkable change in choosing their feeding habitat and prey. They stayed entirely at sedge grass patches on Songrim tidal flat during the early wintering period (October), while after November they gradually moved to Janggu bay and used rice paddy fields as well as sedge patches on the tidal flats as their feeding site. The dietary analysis showed the sedge grass (Bolboschoenus sp., Cyperaceae) was the main dietary source during the entire wintering period. Interestingly, the proportion of Cyperaceae on feces decreased slightly over wintering time, while the proportion of Fabaceae increased relatively since November. These results suggest that the Swan Geese switched their habitat and food sources in response to the change of food availability. The Seocheon tidal flat area is the important wintering site for Swan Geese and sedge grass patches in the area need to be managed as the main feeding area for the wintering Swan Geese.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.655-671
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• 2016

The distribution characteristics of functional feeding groups and biological evaluation of water quality with benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated from 2013 to 2014 in the mountain streams of Jirisan National Park. Both quantitative and qualitative collection had been performed six times during study periods in twelve sites located at upstream, midstream and downstream of four valleys, Chilsungol, Baemsagol, Daesunggol and Piagol of freshwater ecosystem in Jirisan National Park. As results, the total collected benthic macroinvertebrates were 3 phyla, 4 classes, 11 orders, 37 families, 107 species and 4,028 individuals. In 2013, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 10 orders, 32 families, 89 species and 1,829 individuals were collected. And in 2014, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 9 orders, 31 families, 80 species and 2,199 individuals were identified. The total dominant species was Ecdyonurus kibumensis, and EPT groups occupied 80.39% of total species number. Biotic indices were also compared to site and to season. The dominant index (DI) was highest at the downstream of Baemsagol in the spring of 2013, and the evenness index (J') was highest at the downstream of Daesunggol in the summer of 2013. Both diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were highest at the upstream of Baemsagol in the summer of 2014. The correlation between altitude above sea level and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates was also researched in this study. As a result, the species number of shredders and predators have significantly increased according to the increase of the altitude of their habitat. On the other hand, individuals of gathering collectors have increased according to the increase of altitude. The biological water quality was evaluated and compared with several methods in this study, and we suggest that ESB and GPI are more appropriate than KSI and BMI to evaluate biological water quality of mountain stream water.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2013

This study investigated the impact of the fire disturbance and the pattern of recovery of soil dwelling oribatid mite communities with respect to the resilience from the fire disturbance. Oribatid mites are important decomposer animals of plant debris in soil with the feeding habits of saprophagy and mycophagy. Massive wild fire reduced soil oribatid mite abundance and diversity. The impact varied relative to the intensity of the disturbance. The proportion of the species common to the non-disturbed natural site increased as the time after the disturbance elapsed, which implying some degree of naturalness occurring in reorganization phase of the oribatid mite community. From the sites with different degree of fire impact, we found higher diversity in intermediately disturbed sites than in severely disturbed or non-disturbed site, supporting the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Also this study showed that with differential degree of disturbance plots, resilience pattern after the disturbance can be explored even with shorter period research relative to the ecological succession of community.