• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6321-6326
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• 2013

Introduction: Lung cancer is extremely harmful to human health and has one of the highest worldwide incidences of all malignant tumors. Approximately 80% of lung cancers are classified as non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Cisplatin-based multidrug chemotherapy regimen is standard for such lesions, but drug resistance is an increasing problem. F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (FBW7) is a member of the F-box protein family that regulates cell cycle progression, and cell growth and differentiation. FBW7 also functions as a tumor suppressor. Methods: We used cell viability assays, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence combined with siRNA interference or plasmid transfection to investigate the underlying mechanism of cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cells. Results: We found that FBW7 upregulation significantly increased cisplatin chemosensitivity and that cells expressing low levels of FBW7, such as NCI-H1299 cells, have a mesenchymal phenotype. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated silencing or plasmid-mediated upregulation of FBW7 resulted in altered epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) patterns in NSCLC cells. These data support a role for FBW7 in regulating the EMT in NSCLC cells. Conclusion: FBW7 is a potential drug target for combating drug resistance and regulating the EMT in NSCLC cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

To have the competitiveness in the future worldwide small aircraft market, we should be able to develop the aircraft which is highly safe, easy to fly, and having excellent flight characteristics. FBW(Fly-By Wire) system is essential for the enhancement of flight safety and control easiness. FBW system that has been applied only to the modern fighter and transport aircraft is recently applied to smaller aircraft such as regional aircraft, business aircraft and even small aircraft. The purpose of this research includes the development of flight control computer, the definition of FBW system component, the design concept of each component for redundant management, OFP(Operational Flight Program) development, FBW system integration and HILS(Hardware In-the Loop Simulation) verification environment to test this FBW system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2014

This paper deals with recent research cases and directions of Fly-By-Wireless (FBWLS) flight control technology. FBWLS is a new type of flight control system technology with the aim of solving the problems mainly caused by the increasing amount of wires in aircraft to which Fly-By-Wire (FBW) technology applies. Therefore, in FBWLS flight control system the wired communication system is replaced with a wireless communication system. Currently the FBWLS flight control technology is at an initial development stage and thus this paper surveys deals with the cases in the viewpoint of technology feasibility. In this context, this paper analyzes technology that needs further studies to secure the reliability, stability and accuracy to the similar level of the corresponding FBW system. Since the major problems of FBWLS technology are packet losses and time delays so that this paper suggests the research direction of wireless communication protocol selection, optimization of wireless communication network and controller design considered communication environment.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.200-206
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• 2016

The 7-week feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of one experimental diet (ED) and five different commercial diets (CDs) on growth and body composition of juvenile olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. An ED was formulated to contain 50.0% crude protein (CP) from fishmeal, casein, zein and wheat flour and 15.0% crude lipid (CL) from squid liver oil. Five CDs for seawater fish were two domestic E commercial diet (DECD) and C commercial diet (DCCD), three imported H commercial diet (IHCD), M commercial diet (IMCD) and O commercial diet (IOCD) containing 53.1~58.0% CP and 4.8~12.7% CL, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile olive flounder initially weighing $29.1{\pm}0.8g/fish\;(mean{\pm}SD)$ in a flow-through seawater system with a water temperature of $23.4{\sim}28.0^{\circ}C$. Weight gain (WG) was significantly greatest in fish fed the IMCD; intermediate responses were observed for fish fed the DECD, DCCD, and IOCD, while the IHCD and the ED produced the lowest WG values. Feed efficiencies (FE) were similar to WG excluding fish fed the DCCD; FE was also greatest in fish fed the DCCD. Survival with no significant difference approached 100% for fish fed the all six diets in this experiment. Whole-body crude protein and ash contents were not affected excluding moisture and crude lipid by the different type of diets. Therefore, type of diets appeared to be important factor in influencing WG, FE and whole-body moisture and crude lipid of juvenile olive flounder; the best diet for juvenile olive flounder was determined to be the imported commercial M diets containing intermediate protein (55.9%) and lipid (12.7%) in natural seawater based on highest WG, and FE, respectively. This study indicates that the one commercially formulated diet containing intermediate protein and lipid used in this experiment could be a practical diet for juvenile olive flounder; these differences in growth performance between ED and CDs may be due to different dietary protein and lipid levels.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.494-499
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were to document the reproductive traits of mares as influenced by the month of the year in Taiwan. Reproductive records, lactation traits, foal birth weight (FBW) and foal height (FBH) were collected from Holi Equine Station of Taiwan. The effects of month on these parameters were analyzed. The length of estrus (LE) was shortest in December each year. The increasing trend was recorded from January to September with a significantly (p<0.05) longer period of $12.4{\pm}0.4$ days in September than in January and February. A gradual shortening in LE was observed from September to December ($10.1{\pm}0.6$ days, p<0.05), when the shortest period of the year was observed. Mares showed signs of estrus throughout the year, but more than 80% were found in estrus during March through October. The FBW was significantly (p<0.05) affected by the breeding month of the year. The lowest foal weights were recorded in both September ($36.7{\pm}0.7$ kg) and December ($36.8{\pm}0.9$ kg), which were also significantly lower than those in other months except in March, August, and November. A trend of lower FBH from September to December (93.5-93.8 cm) than those from January to August was observed. The greatest FBH was in June (96.2 cm). Breeding months and onset of estrus of the mares exerted a significant effect on the incidence of agalactia during the lactation period. These analyses provide fundamental information on adaptive processes in respect to reproductive characteristics of mares, which indicated an extent of acclimation by these animals in subtropical Taiwan.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.293-299
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• 2015

The feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of one experimental diet (EDP) and five different commercial diets (CEPs) on growth and body composition for juvenile parrot fish, Oplegnathus fasciatus. An EDP was formulated to contain 50% crude protein (CP) from fishmeal, casein, zein and wheat flour and 15% crude lipid (CL) from squid liver oil. Five CEPs for seawater fish were two domestic E commercial diet (DECD) and C commercial diet (DCCD), three imported H commercial diet (IHCD), L commercial diet (ILCD) and O commercial diet (IOCD) containing 53.1~66.6% CP and 10.7~14.6% CL, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of juvenile parrot fish initially weighing $1.14{\pm}.01g/fish$ (mean${\pm}$SD) in a flow-through seawater system with a water temperature of $19.0{\sim}25.0^{\circ}C$. Weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) were significantly greatest in fish fed the DCCD and IOCD; intermediate responses were observed for fish fed the ILCD, while the IECD, IHCD, and the EDP produced the lowest WG and FE values. Survival with no significant difference approached 100% for fish fed the all six diets in this experiment. Whole-body moisture, protein, lipid and ash contents were not affected by the different type of diets. Therefore, type of diets appeared to be important factor in influencing WG and FE of juvenile parrot fish; the best diets for juvenile parrot fish was determined to be the domestic commercial C and the imported commercial O diets containing high protein (61.3, 66.6%) and lipid (14.6, 13.0%) in natural seawater based on highest WG, and FE, respectively. This study indicates that the two commercially formulated diets containing two highest proteins and lipids used in this experiment could be practical diets for juvenile parrot fish; these differences of growth performance between experimental diet and commercial diets may be reason for different dietary protein and lipid levels.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 2010

Thirty-one chicken feather-degrading bacteria were isolated from wasted feather, compost and wastewater in a chicken farm. These isolates were categorized as Firmicutes (21 strains), ${\gamma}$-proteobacteria (4 strains), Actinobacteria (4 strains), and Bacteroidetes (2 strains) by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. We examined the feather-degrading isolates for degradation in the 2% of chicken feather meal. The strain Chryseobacterium sp. FBF-7, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia FBS-4, and Lysinibacillus sp. FBW-3 were selected as a keratinolytic protein degrading bacteria which showed the highest feather degradation of 75-90%. The characteristics of amino acids extracted from chicken feather meal by using keratinolytic protein degrading isolates and chemical method with $Ca(OH)_2$ were analyzed. Total amino acid content of strain Chryseobacterium sp. FBF-7 was 1,661.6 ${\mu}mol$/ml, which was the highest and it was similar with chemical method. And essential amino acid content of total amino acid was thirty-seven percent (619.3 ${\mu}mol$/ml) and 596.9 ${\mu}mol$/ml for keratinolytic protein degrading isolates and chemical method, respectively. The major amino acids were valine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, and proline by the strain Chryseobacterium sp. FBF-7 and especially, higher contents of aspartic acid, threonine, serine, cysteine, and tyrosine were detected compared with chemical method.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.974-980
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• 2014

In semi-arid areas of Southern Africa, dehydration can compromise the performance and welfare of local chickens, particularly during the growing period when confinement is curtailed and birds are left to scavenge for feed and water. The effect of water restriction on the growth performance was compared in Naked Neck (NNK) and Ovambo (OVB) chickens that are predominant in Southern Africa. A total of 54 eight-wk-old pullets each of NNK and OVB chickens with an initial average weight of $641{\pm}10g/bird$ were randomly assigned to three water intake treatments, each having six birds for 8 wk. The water restriction treatments were ad libitum, 70% of ad libitum and 40% of ad libitum intake. Nine experimental pens with a floor space of $3.3m^2$ per strain were used. The pens were housed in an open-sided house with cement floor deep littered with a 20 cm layer of untreated wood shavings. Feed was provided ad libitum. Average daily water intake (ADWI), BW at 16 weeks of age (FBW), ADG, ADFI, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and water to feed ratios (WFR) were determined. Ovambo chickens had superior (p<0.05) FBW, ADG and ADWI than NNK chickens. Body weight of birds at 16 weeks of age, ADG, ADFI, ADWI, and WFR declined progressively (p<0.05) with increasing severity of water restriction while FCR values increased (p<0.05) as the severity of water restriction increased. Naked Neck chickens had better FCR at the 40% of ad libitum water intake level than Ovambo chickens. The dressing percentage per bird was higher in water restricted birds than those on ad libitum water consumption, irrespective of strain. Heart weight was significantly lower in birds on 40% of ad libitum water intake than those on ad libitum and 70% of ad libitum water intake, respectively. In conclusion, NNK chickens performed better than OVB chickens under conditions of water restriction and would be ideal to raise for meat and egg production in locations where water shortages are a major challenge.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

In this paper, trapezoid sections and prominence sections were examined to improve the performance of floating breakwater in long waves. The linear potential theory is used and the boundary element method with a matching boundary is employed for numerical computation. The effects of the side slope of the trapezoid section and the geometry ratio of the prominence section on the floating breakwater were examined. It was found that trapezoid sections show lower transmission coefficients than the rectangular sections in the long wave range. In prominence sections the size of the sides are more important than the size of the top. Proper choices of the pontoon type geometry may move the local minimum point of the wave transmission coefficient toward the longer wave ranges and improve the performance of the floating breakwater in the long wave range for a given wave period.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.621-630
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• 2006

The T-50 advanced trainer aircraft combines advanced aerodynamic features and a fly-by-wire flight control system in order to produce a stability and highly maneuverability. The flight control system both longitudinal and lateral-directional axes to achieve performance enhancements and improve stability. The T-50 employs the RSS concept in order to improve the aerodynamic performance in longitudinal axis and the longitudinal control laws employ the dynamic inversion with proportional-plus-integral control method. And, lateral-directional control laws employ the blended roll system both beta-betadot feedback and simple roll rate feedback with proportional control method in order to guarantee aircraft stability. This paper details the design process of developing lateral-directional control laws, utilizing the requirement of MIL-F-8785C and MIL-F-9490D. And, this paper propose the analysis of aircraft characteristics such as dutch-roll mode, roll mode, spiral mode, gain and phase margin about gains for lateral-directional inner loop feedback.