• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.1258-1268
• /
• 2014

Improving grid connection of wind farms is a relevant issue to be addressed, especially for fixed-speed wind turbines. Certain elements, such as FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems), are able to perform voltage and reactive power regulation in order to support voltage stability of wind farms, and compensate reactive power consumption from the grid. Several devices are grouped under the name of FACTS, which embrace different technologies and operating principles. Here, three of them are evaluated and compared, namely STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator), SVC (Static Var Compensator) and SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Compensator). They have been modeled in MATLAB/Simulink, and simulated under various scenarios, regarding both normal operation and grid fault conditions. Their response is studied together with the case when no FACTS are implemented. Results show that SSSC improves the voltage stability of the wind farm, whereas STATCOM and SVC provide additional reactive power.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2016

Ensuring the secure operation of power systems has become an important and critical matter during the present time, along with the development of large, complex and load-increasing systems. Security constraints such as the thermal limits of transmission lines and bus-voltage limits must be satisfied under all of a system’s operational conditions. An alternative solution to improve the security of a power system is the employment of Flexible Alternating-Current Transmission Systems (FACTS). FACTS devices can reduce the flows of heavily loaded lines, maintain the bus voltages at desired levels, and improve the stability of a power network. The Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) is a versatile FACTS device that can independently or simultaneously control the active power, the reactive power and the bus voltage; however, to achieve such functionality, it is very important to determine the optimal location of the UPFC device, with the appropriate parameter setting, in the power system. In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) method is applied to determine the optimal location of the UPFC device in a network for the enhancement of the power-system loadability and the minimization of the active power loss in the transmission line. To verify our approach, simulations were performed on the IEEE 14 Bus, 30 Bus, and 57 Bus test systems. The proposed work was implemented in the MATLAB platform.

• School Mathematics
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.889-920
• /
• 2013

The aim of this study is to look into the didactical background for introducing the concept of multiplication and teaching multiplication facts in elementary school mathematics and offer suggestions to improve teaching multiplication in the future. In order to attain these purposes, this study deduced and examined concepts of multiplication, situations involving multiplication, didactical models for multiplication and multiplication strategies based on key ideas with respect to the didactical background on teaching multiplication through a theoretical consideration regarding various studies on multiplication. Based on such examination, this study compared and analyzed textbooks used in the United States, Finland, the Netherlands, Germany and South Korea. In the light of such theoretical consideration and analytical results, this study provided implication for improving teaching multiplication in elementary schools in Korea as follows: diversifying equal groups situations, emphasizing multiplicative comparison situations, reconsidering Cartesian product situations for providing situations involving multiplication, balancing among the group model, array model and line model and transposing from material models to structured and formal ones in using didactical models for multiplication, emphasizing multiplication strategies and properties of multiplication and connecting learned facts and new facts with one another for teaching multiplication facts.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.179-190
• /
• 2010

This paper describes a new stochastic heuristic algorithm in engineering problem optimization especially in power system applications. An improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) called adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO), mixed with simulated annealing (SA), is introduced and referred to as APSO-SA. This algorithm uses a novel PSO algorithm (APSO) to increase the convergence rate and incorporate the ability of SA to avoid being trapped in a local optimum. The APSO-SA algorithm efficiency is verified using some benchmark functions. This paper presents the application of APSO-SA to find the optimal location, type and size of flexible AC transmission system devices. Two types of FACTS devices, the thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and the static VAR compensator (SVC), are considered. The main objectives of the presented method are increasing the voltage stability index and over load factor, decreasing the cost of investment and total real power losses in the power system. In this regard, two cases are considered: single-type devices (same type of FACTS devices) and multi-type devices (combination of TCSC, SVC). Using the proposed method, the locations, type and sizes of FACTS devices are obtained to reach the optimal objective function. The APSO-SA is used to solve the above non.linear programming optimization problem for better accuracy and fast convergence and its results are compared with results of conventional PSO. The presented method expands the search space, improves performance and accelerates to the speed convergence, in comparison with the conventional PSO algorithm. The optimization results are compared with the standard PSO method. This comparison confirms the efficiency and validity of the proposed method. The proposed approach is examined and tested on IEEE 14 bus systems by MATLAB software. Numerical results demonstrate that the APSO-SA is fast and has a much lower computational cost.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2011.07a
• /
• pp.455-456
• /
• 2011

전력의 흐름을 제어하기 위하여 유연 송전 시스템(Flexible AC Transmission System, FACTS)이 전력 계통에 다수 설치되었고, 앞으로도 설치되는 FACTS 기기의 수가 늘어날 예정이다. 특히, 전력수요가 많은 수도권에는 안정도와 안전도를 확보하기 위해 FACTS 중 하나인 정지형 무효 전력 보상기(Static Var Compensator, SVC)의 설치가 필요하다. 하지만 SVC가 수도권에 다수 설치되면 SVC 기기 간에 상호 간섭 가능성이 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 SVC 기기 간의 상호간섭 가능성을 제시하고 Kundur 모델의 PSS/e 시뮬레이션을 통해 SVC 기기 간의 상호 간섭이 발생할 수 있음을 확인하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2009.07a
• /
• pp.117_118
• /
• 2009

송전선 경과지 선정의 어려움과 같은 여러 가지 이유로 송전 설비를 확충하는데 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 따라 기존 송전 설비의 활용도를 높이는 방법으로 전력 계통의 신뢰도를 극대화할 필요가 있으며, 최근 이의 한 방편으로, 전력공급의 유연성 및 신뢰성을 확보할 수 있는 송전기술인 유연송전시스템(FACTS: Flexible AC Transmission System)이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 유연송전시스템을 포함한 전력계통의 모델을 설정하고, 이를 포함한 전력�墳育� 상태추정을 수행하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 6모선 시험계통을 이용하여 타당성을 검증하였다.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.275-289
• /
• 1999

This study aims at investigating the stylized facts of the complex system products innovation in Korea. It reviewed the preceeding studies on the innovation patterns of complex system products and selected the issues to be examined in investigating Korean case. In addition, the stylized facts of innovation patterns of Korean complex system products were suggested. The peculiar characteristics of Korean cases are as follows: Korea has succeeded in integrating foreign technologies and components into commercial complex system products and in substituting the foreign system products in the domestic market. However, it faces a great difficulty in upgrading the products to the next generation. It lacks capabilities which facilitate the evolution of system products competing in the world market.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2005.07a
• /
• pp.63-65
• /
• 2005

Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) is in charge of the operation and the maintenance for transmission lines and substations in Korean power system which is under the deregulation power market. KEPCO has a main constrain of transmission line toward SEOUL area which is a capital of KOREA because SEOIJL is a huge load of Korean power system. The Korea Electric Power Research Institute (KEPRI)), a division of KEPCO was tasked to study the ATC enhancement of transmission line toward SEOUL using a new line or/and FACTS. This paper summarizes the results of those studies, enhancing the ATC and evaluating the economics.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.262-265
• /
• 2001

최근 전력계통의 과부하, 전압안정도 등의 문제에 대한 해결책으로 FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission Systems)가 대두되고 있다. FACTS 설비에는 TCSC (Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor), SSSC (Static Synchronous Series Capacitor)와 같은 직렬 기기와 SVC(Static Var Compensator), STATCOM(STATic COMpensator) 와 같은 병렬기기 그리고, 본 논문에서 다루는 UPFC와 같은 직 병렬기기로 나누어진다. UPFC는 SSSC와 STATCOM을 결합한 형태로 유 무효전력을 동시에 보상할 수 있는 FACTS 기기이다. 본 논문에서는 한전 계통의 전압안정도 향상과 과부하 해소를 위해 강진S/S에 설치예정인 80MVA UPFC의 하드웨어 특성과 주변계통의 특성을 소개하고, UPFC와 한전 계통의 연계방안과 시험방안을 설명한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 1999.07c
• /
• pp.1296-1298
• /
• 1999

This paper describes a power flow method for the unified power flow controller(UPFC) considering equipment sizes and constraints. The operation of UPFC subject to the practical constraints encounted in an actual high power installation. So the Power flow method for FACTS must be considered its constraints for power system analysis. The proposed UPFC power flow method was implemented by PSS/E and IPLAN.