• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2004

Molecular genetic markers were genotyped used to detect chromosomal regions which contain economically important traits such as growth traits in pigs. Three generation resource population was constructed from a cross between the Korean native boars and Landrace sows. A total of 193 F2 animals from intercross of F1 were produced. Phenotypic data on 7 traits, birth weight, body weight at 3, 5, 12, 30 weeks of age, live empty weight were collected for F2 animals. Animals including grandparents (F0), parents (F1), offspring (F2) were genotyped for 194 microsatellite markers covering from chromosome 1 to 18. Quantitative trait locus analyses were performed using interval mapping by regression under line-cross model. To characterize presence of imprinting, genetic full model in which dominance, additive and imprinting effect were included was fitted in this analysis. Significance thresholds were determined by permutation test. Using imprinting full model, four QTL with expression of imprinted effect were detected at 5% chromosome-wide significance level for growth traits on chromosome 1, 5, 7, 13, 14, and 16.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.467-476
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• 2002

A large number of individual ginseng plants have been selected in the farmer's fields to develop new ginseng varieties with desirable traits since 1970s. Among them, Hwangsukjong with green stem and yellow berry was selected as a ginseng germplasm. The phenotype of Hwangsukjong is quite different from Jakyungjong that has violet stem and red berry and has been cultivated in most of ginseng fields. Therefore, Hwangsukjong was crossed with Jakyungjong to clarify the inheritance of stem color and then the characteristics of $F_1\;and\;F_2$ hybrids were investigated. $F_1$ hybrid plants were similar to Jakyungjong in most of aerial part characters and showed hybrid vigor in fresh weight of root and weight of 100 seeds. In $F_2$ generation, the stem color was segregated in a ratio of 3 violet to 1 green. From this result, it was elucidated that violet color was controlled by single dominant gene. In another experiment, DNA was extracted from parents (Jakyungjong and Hwangsukjong) and $F_1$ hybrid. For each primer evaluated, multiple band profile was produced comprising from one to five major bands plus a varying number of minor bands and amplified bands were detected among most primers. In case of UBC primer number 13, 17, 30, 31, and 43, band patterns of parents and $F_1$ hybrid were very similar, but the others were not. Especially, in {\sharp}1$, {\sharp}4$, and {\sharp}33$, specific band was produced in Hwangsukjong and $F_1$ hybrid while in {\sharp}6$, another specific band was produced in Jakyungjong and $F_1$ hybrid. Therefore, $F_1$ hybrid had all specific bands at these primers. So, these selective markers could be used for identification of characteristics of $F_2$ hybrids

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.86-96
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• 2022

The development trend of jet fighter's avionics system architecture is the digitization of subsystem component functions, increased RF sensor sharing, fiber optic channel networks, and modularized integrated structures. The avionics system architecture of the fifth generation jet fighters (F-22, F-35) has evolved into an integrated modular avionics system based on computing function integration and RF integrated sensor systems. The integrated modular avionics system of jet fighters should provide improved combat power, fault tolerance, and ease of jet fighter control. To this aim, this paper presents the direction and requirements of the next-generation jet fighter's avionics system architecture through analysis of the fifth generation jet fighter's avionics system architecture. The core challenge of the integrated modularized avionic system architecture requirements for next-generation fighters is to build a platform that integrates major components and sensors into aircraft. In other words, the architecture of the next-generation fighters is standardization of systems, sensor integration of each subsystem through open interfaces, integration of functional elements, network integration, and integration of pilots and fighters to improve their ability to respond and control.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

Bisphenol A is used in the manufacture of epoxy, polycarbonate, and corrosion-resistant unsaturated polyester-styrene resins required for food packaging materials in industrial processing. Some reports indicated the possibility of harmful effects on rats. In this study was used a method for the determination of bisphenol A in blood according to the OSHA High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) guideline. The method involved blood extraction using methylene chloride. And it was evaluated developmental and teratogenic effects in pregnant rats and second generation. The results obtained were as follows. There was a significant increase in the body weights and treated groups F1 female in liver, spleen, kidney, but according to dose-response. F1 female rat's relative body weight and absolute body weight are not different. There was a significant increase liver, spleen, kidney organ weight and reproductive organ weight epididymis, prostate gland in F1 male rats. There was a proestrous in pregnant rat, group 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 2000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, 20,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. The effect on rat treated with bisphenol A decrease organ weight and reproductive organ weight. Identification and quantitation were performed with using HPLC C18 column and using at retention time 5.5 min. The results of the detection of bisphenol A were at 20,000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in average 1 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg average in 0.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml blood samples. From those results, it could be concluded that the effects of pregnant rat and second generation(F1) by bisphenol A treatment during lactational period were estrogenic and bisphenol A was remained in serum at low level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.250-259
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• 2010

The ability for energy harvesting via the piezoelectric effect was studied for a unimorph element such as piezo buzzer. A simple equivalent circuit was proposed to predict the energy generated based on the internal stress. Unimorphs with a metal-cavity were used as a driving device of the generation panel. Both the AC open voltage and DC output voltage as a function of pressure period and number of element were measured. For the unimorph generation circuit, DC output voltage varies with pressure period, reaching a maximum value at $470{\mu}F$. The maximum output voltage a according to load resistance was measured at $1M{\Omega}$. Data analysis of the DC output voltage and time constant indicated that number of piezoelectric element of optimum was 60~80. It was found that piezoelectric unimorph has the possibility to be used as the driving element of the electric generation.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.31-46
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• 2010

Now named-entity recognition(NER) as a part of information extraction has been used in the fields of information retrieval as well as question-answering systems. Unlike words, named-entities(NEs) are generated and changed steadily in documents on the Web, newspapers, and so on. The NE generation causes an unknown word problem and makes many application systems with NER difficult. In order to alleviate this problem, this paper proposes a new feature generation method for machine learning-based NER. In general features in machine learning-based NER are related with words, but entities in named-entity dictionaries are related to phrases. So the entities are not able to be directly used as features of the NER systems. This paper proposes an encoding scheme as a feature generation method which converts phrase entities into features of word units. Futhermore, due to this scheme, entities with semantic information in WordNet can be converted into features of the NER systems. Through our experiments we have shown that the performance is increased by about 6% of F1 score and the errors is reduced by about 38%.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.24-30
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• 1987

To investigate suitable breeding system for the improvement of economic characters of the sexlimited dark egg colour strains, the four kinds of breeding methods which are represented as sibmating, repeated backcrossing, multi-backcrossing every other generation, and repeated hybridization were detected from the P to the F6. 1. Pupation ratio was varied between the four kinds of breeding methods and decreased gradually in order of repeated hybridization, mult-backcrossing every other generation and sib-matinv, and repeated backcrossing. 2. Repeated backcrossing, multi-backcrossing every other generation, and repeated hybridization with the exception of sib-mating were consiered as available breeding methods to improve single cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio of the sex-limited dark egg colour strains. 3. As for the responses of the economic characters form the P to the F6, pupation ratio was fluctuant and unstable, on the other hand single cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and cocoon shell ratio increased remarkably in the F2, but in the subsequant generatios the increasing rate of each characters were fluctuant irregularly. 4. After the original sex-limited dark egg colour strains were bred under the corresponding breeding methods, from the P to the F6 the economic characters were approached to the level of normal breeding silkworm lines'. 5. It came to the consideration that the autosomal fragment which was translocated on the W chromosome had no physiologically significant effect on the expression of the economic characters because the Expression index (E) of the sex-limited dark egg colour strains was similar to that of normal silkworm lines. 6. From the results, it comes to the conclusion that the useful breeding methods to improve the economic characters of the sex-limited dark egg colour strains will be a line separation including fixation of the characters.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.16-22
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• 2003

BBP (Butyl benzyl phthalate), a widely used plasticizer. can enter the food and environment as consequence of its manufacture, use, and disposal. BBP was found to be developmental and teratogenic or endocrine disrupting chemical in rats. The effects of BBP were investigated in female rats (P) and second generation (F1) via lactations. Sprague-Dawley were given BBP by oral administration at 0, 5, 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg on day 0 to 21 of lactation period. The results were as follows : At maternal findings, there were some significant changes (p<0.05) in relative organ weight, especially liver and uterus weight by BBP administration. In estrous cycle, high treated group was inclined to be proestrus or estrus compared to control group. BBP indues estrous cycle earlier than the control group. At fetal findings, there were some significant changes in relative liver and spleen weight, especially 100, 1000 mg/kg administered groups. The relative weight of ventral prostate was decreased, so it was represent to dose-response tendency. Parent rats (P) were detected monobenzyl phthalate (MBeP) 3.21~5.81 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in 100, 1000 mg/kg dose groups. MBeP of male and female fetuses (F1) were detected at the level of 1.21~2.63 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of serum. Male serum concentration oi MBeP was higher than the females'. Estrogen receptor $\alpha$ expression by BBP and bisphenol A in uterus and testis of F1 were studied. The ER$\alpha$ expression were increased in F1 male testis and female uterus. F1 male showed distint ER$\alpha$ expression, especially in the combined exposrue. Synergistic ER$\alpha$ expression was found by combined treatment group of BBP and bisphenol A. From the above results, it could be concluded that the effects of dams and F1 by BBP administration during lactation period were estrogenic, and BBP can transfer to F1 via lactation, and make estrogenic at F1 reproductive organs.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.798-803
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• 2020

Late in the 1960s, South Korea established cultivation technology and began breeding new "Tongil" type rice cultivars by crossing indica and japonica. To date, this cultivation technique has been used to produce a wide variety of cultivars to meet consumer preferences and adapt to extreme weather conditions. Once major genetic traits are no longer segregated through advanced generations, varieties obtained from a cross between different crops may become a new variety. In this study, we confirmed the agronomic traits of F₄, F₅, and F₆ by advanced generation a population in which drought tolerance and brown planthopper (BPH) resistance were crossed. HV23, Ilmi/HV23, and Drimi2ho/HV23 were used. HV23 was drought-tolerant, and Drimi2ho was resistant to BPH. As a result, it was possible to consider that the agronomic traits were fixed because none of them showed a significant difference from the others. While it takes more than 10 years for the pedigree method of breeding, this study confirmed that the agronomic traits were fixed in 4-6 years. In the future, we will investigate the homology of the CaMsrB2 gene and the Bph1 gene, to confirm that both genes are closely related to each other, and analyze the stable inheritance of the introduced gene for multiple successive generations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2000

To obtain the genetic information about DVT( $\alpha$- and $\beta$-4,8,13- duvatriene-1,3-diols) and cis-abienol contents, two burley(Burley 21, KB 108), three sun-cured cultivars(N. tabacum L. cv. Yonbyun 3, Jahengyon and Jaraehong), TI 1068, and thirty F$_1$ hybrids derived from them were sampled and the diterpenes were analysed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) procedures. DVT exudation from the leaf scerface could Ie detected in all coltivars and F$_1$ hybrids tested. TI 1068 and Yonbyun 3 had cis-abienol exdudates. Burley 21, KB 108, Jaheungyon, and Jaraehong had no spot of cis-abienol. It is considered that cis-abienol exdudation might be controlled by dominant gene(s). The cytoplasmic effect on the cis-abienol exdudation was not detected.