• 식물분류학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 2012

개나리족(Abeliophyllum: 1 sp., Forsythia: 12 spp.)과 향선나무족(Fontanesia: 2 spp.) 및 근연분류군인 Myxopyreae족(Myxopyrum: 5 spp.)을 포함한 총 20분류군의 엽병의 해부학적인 형질을 검토하고자 광학현미경(LM)을 이용하여 연구하였다. 모든 해부학적 형질은 엽병의 횡단면을 단부, 중앙부, 기부로 나누어 관찰하였고, 측정된 정량적 형질과 정성적 형질에 대해 자세히 비교하고 기재하였다. 세 가지 유형(침상, 프리즘형, 선정체)의 결정체가 Fontanesia속과 Myxopyrum속에서만 확인되었다. 미선나무속과 개나리속의 일부 분류군(Forsythia europaea, F. giraldiana, F. japonica)에서만 단세포성 비선모(uni-cellular non-glandular trichome)가 관찰되었다. 본 연구 결과에서는 엽병의 유관속 패턴을 크게 두 타입으로 구분하여 기재하였다. Type 1A: 결정체가 존재하지 않는 단순호형(Abeliophyllum, Forsythia), 1B: 결정체가 존재하는 단순호형(Myxopyrum), Type 2: 결정체가 존재하는 함입호형(Fontanesia). 또한 세부적인 해부학적 형질에 대해 자세히 기재하였고, 분류학적 중요성에 대해 논의하였다. 결론적으로 일부 엽병 해부학적 형질(예, 주유관속 패턴, 결정체의 유무)은 진단형질로서 유용할 뿐 아니라 최근의 분자계통학적 결과를 지지하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to compare the microhardness and the fluoride content of enamel and dentin around fluoride- or non fluoride-containing restorations. Forty extracted human teeth were used and prepared cervical cavities on proximal surface. Experimental teeth were divided into five groups . Group 1 : Prime & Bond NT and Z100, Group 2 Prime & Bond NT and F2000, Group 3 : Scotchbond Multi-purpose and Z100, Group 4 : Scothcbond Multi-purpose and F2000, Group 5 : Fuji II LC. The cavities were filled with dentin adhesives and restorative materials. After each tooth was bisected, one half was tested microharaness and the other half was analyzed the fluoride at the enamel and dentin by an EPMA-WDX device. The results were as follows; 1. There was no statistical difference among the microhardness of enamel surface in all group. 2. The microhardness at dentin of $100{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Group 2 and $20{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Grocup 4 was lower than that of normal dentin (p>0.05). 3. There was no statistical difference among the fluoride content of enamel surface in all group. 4. The fluoride content at the dentin of $30{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Group 2 and 5 were higher than those at $100{\;}\mu\textrm{m}{\;}and{\;}200{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point in Group 2 and normal dentin (p<0.05). 5. At the dentin of $30{\;}\mu\textrm{m}$ point, Group 2 showed higher fluoride content than Group 1 and 3, and Group 5 showed higher fluoride content than other groups.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.43-49
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• 1976

The facts that $PGE_2$ produced diuresis in the rabbit when given into a lateral ventricle of the brain and that $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ is abundantly found in the brain prompted us to investigate the effects of $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ introduced directly into the ventricle on the renal function. $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ given intraventriculary in doses of $10{\mu}g\;and\;100{\mu}g$ elicited prompt diuresis, 10-fold increase of sodium excretion and two-fold increment of potassium excretion. Free water reabsorption also increased along with the increased osmolar clearance. Neither renal plasma flow nor glomerular filtration rate did change significantly. This, along with the fact that the percentage of reabsorbed sodium filtered decreased from 99.5 to 93.9, indicates the tubular site of the diuretic and natriuretic action. Atropine pretreatment did not influence the renal effects of intraventricular $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$. Intravenously administered $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ in doses of 30 to $100{\mu}g$ did not produce any significant change in renal function. Intraventricular $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ had no effect on the systemic blood pressure, whereas intravenous administration brought about a transient hypotension. These observations suggest that $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ induces diuresis and natriuresis via central mechanism, that the site of the action resides in renal tubules, and that the reabsorption of sodium is inhibited in the proximal tubule, possibly through mediation of certain humoral agent. Overall, it is suggested that $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ might play a roll in regulating renal function through the center.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2004

The current study examined the effects of freeze-dried mulberry fruit on disaccharidase activity in the small intestine and the lowering of blood glucose in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to one normal and three streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic groups. The diabetic groups were fed a mulberry fruit-free diet (DM-group), 0.3% mulberry fruit diet (DM-F group) or 0.6% mulberry fruit diet (DM-2F group). After they were fed the experimental diets for three weeks, diabetes was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 50 mg/kg b.w before sacrificing 9 days later using the same experimental treatments. Analyses of anthocyanins, flavonoid and 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) of lyophilized mulberry fruit were carried out and the major anthocyanins were rutin (142.5 mg), isoquercitrin (10.3 mg), quercetin (5.8 mg), morin (1.6 mg) dihydroquercetin (3.83 mg), cy-3-O-glucopyranoside (230.45 mg) and cy-3-O-rutinoside (131.5 mg) on the basis of 100 g dry weight. Total DNJ content was 2.39 mg/g dry weight of lyophilized mulberry fruit. Blood glucose level decreased in the diabetic mts fed the mulberry fruit supplement. The content of the liver glycogen increased in the diabetic mts fed the mulberry fruit supplement. Disaccharidase activity in the proximal part of the intestine, such as that of maltase, sucrase and lactase in the mulberry fruit supplementation groups, were lower than that of the DM group. These results suggest that mulberry fruit possess a suppressive effect on hyperglycemia, possibly by inhibiting the activity of disaccharidase in the small intestine of rats.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.426-430
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• 2012

Dupuytren's contracture is a condition commonly encountered by hand surgeons, although it is rare in the Asian population. Various surgical procedures for Dupuytren's contracture have been reported, and the outcomes vary according to the treatment modalities. We report the treatment results of segmental fasciectomies with multiple transverse incisions for patients with Dupuytren's contracture. The cases of seven patients who underwent multiple segmental fasciectomies with multiple transverse incisions for Dupuytren's contracture from 2006 to 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Multiple transverse incisions to the severe contracture sites were performed initially, and additional incisions to the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, and the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints were performed if necessary. Segmental fasciectomies by removing the fibromatous nodules or cords between the incision lines were performed and the wound margins were approximated. The mean range of motion of the involved MCP joints and PIP joints was fully recovered. During the follow-up periods, there was no evidence of recurrence or progression of disease. Multiple transverse incisions for Dupuytren's contracture are technically challenging, and require a high skill level of hand surgeons. However, we achieved excellent correction of contractures with no associated complications. Therefore, segmental fasciectomies with multiple transverse incisions can be a good treatment option for Dupuytren's contracture.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 1997

Cytogenetic observations of loss of the distal portion of the Y chromosome long arm were found to be associated with disrupted spermatogenesis. The existence of a gene involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis, the azoospermia factor (AZF), was postulated. In this study, we screened the AZF region including DAZ and DAZH genes and observed the expression pattern of DAZ and DAZH transcript in infertile men with azoospermia and oligospermia by using a sequence-tagged site (STS)-based PCR method. PCR primers were synthesized for 11 STSs that span Yq interval 6, SRY, DAZ, and DAZH, functional DAZ homologue on chromosome 3. Microdeletions were detected in 4/32 (12.5%) azoospermic men and 1/11 (9%) severe oligospermic men. Only 2 of 5 patients had microdeletions of Yq that contained the DAZ gene, whereas the other 3 patients had deletions extending from intervals 5L-6F proximal to the DAZ gene on Yq. Testis biopsies of the azoospermic patients revealed a variety from Sertoli cell-only syndrome to testicular maturation arrest. Of 4 men with clinical data available, average testis size was R: 13.8 cc, L: 13.8 cc, serum T was $4.0{\pm}1.25$ ng/ml, LH was $3.63{\pm}1.90$ mIU/ml, and FSH was $8.85{\pm}5.13$ mIU/ml. These values did not differ significantly from the remainder of the patients tested. We could not observed the DAZ transcript in 2 patients, who have no mature spermatozoa. In 11.6% of patients microdeletions of the AZF could be detected. These deletions in the AZF region seem to be involved causing spermatogenic failure. But the frequency of microdeletions proximal to DAZ suggests that DAZ is not the only gene associated with spermatogenic failure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1424-1431
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of diets containing different amounts of wheat, as a partial or whole substitute for corn, on digestibility, digestive enzyme activities, serum metabolite contents and ruminal fermentation in beef cattle. Four Limousin${\times}$LuXi crossbred cattle with a body weight ($400{\pm}10kg$), fitted with permanent ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal cannulas, were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design with four treatments: Control (100% corn), 33% wheat (33% substitution for corn), 67% wheat (67% substitution for corn), and 100% wheat (100% substitution for corn) on a dry matter basis. The results showed that replacing corn with increasing amounts of wheat increased the apparent digestibility values of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (p<0.05). While the apparent digestibility of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were lower with increasing amounts of wheat. Digestive enzyme activities of lipase, protease and amylase in the duodenum were higher with increasing wheat amounts (p<0.05), and showed similar results to those for the enzymes in the ileum except for amylase. Increased substitution of wheat for corn increased the serum alanine aminotransferase concentration (p<0.05). Ruminal pH was not different between those given only corn and those given 33% wheat. Increasing the substitution of wheat for corn increased the molar proportion of acetate and tended to increase the acetate-to-propionate ratio. Cattle fed 100% wheat tended to have the lowest ruminal $NH_3-N$ concentration compared with control (p<0.05), whereas no differences were observed among the cattle fed 33% and 67% wheat. These findings indicate that wheat can be effectively used to replace corn in moderate amounts to meet the energy and fiber requirements of beef cattle.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2007

Eleven polyhydroxyursane triterpenoids (PHUTs) were tested to determine their cytoprotective, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. To compare the bioactivities of $19{\alpha}$-hydroxyursane-type triterpenoids {23-hydroxytormentic acid (6), its methyl ester (7), tormentic acid (8), niga-ichigoside $F_1$ (9),euscaphic acid (10) and kaji-ichigoside $F_1$ (11)} of the Rosaceae crude drugs (Rubi Fructus and Rosa rugosae Radix) with PHUTs possessing no $19{\alpha}-hydroxyl$ of Centella asiatica (Umbelliferae), the four PHUTs, asiaticoside (1), madecassoside (2), asiatic acid (3), and madecassic acid (4) were isolated from C. asiatica and 23-hydroxyursolic acid (5) from Cussonia bancoensis. Cytoprotective effects were assessed by measuring cell viabilities against cisplatin-induced cytotoxocity in $LLC-PK_1$, cells (proximal tubule, pig kidney) to determine whether these agents have protective effects against nephrotoxicity caused by cisplatin. The inhibitory effect of 11 PHUTS on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ were evaluated by measuring nitrite accumulation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and their anti-inflammatory effects were tested in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse ear edema model. Six MHUTs (compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 11) exhibited higher cell viabilities during cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity testing even at a concentration of $200\;{\mu}g/ml$ than cisplatin only-treated group, suggesting that ese compounds have the potentcytoprotective efffcts. Compounds 1 and 3 of the C. asiatica and niga-ichigoside $F_1$ exhibited no inhibitory effect on NO and/or $PGE_2$ production whereas other PHUTs produced mild to significant NO and/or $PGE_2$ production.The four compounds (2, 5, 9, and 10) potently inhibited mouse ear edema induced by TPA whereas two compounds (1 and 3) had no activity in this test. These results suggest that many PHUTs are potentchemopreventives. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) was also discussed in each assay with regard to the significant role of OHs at the position of 2, 3, 6, 19, and 23 and to the glycoside linkage at the 28-carboxyl.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.494-500
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Evidence indicates that berry anthocyanins are anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. However, berries differ vastly in their anthocyanin composition and thus potentially in their biological and metabolic effects. The present study compared hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of blueberry (BB), blackberry (BK), and blackcurrant (BC) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat (HF; 35% fat, w/w) control diet or a HF diet supplemented with freeze-dried 5% BB, 6.3% BK or 5.7% BC for 12 weeks (10 mice/group) to achieve the same total anthocyanin content in each diet. Plasma lipids, antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense, inflammation, and lipid metabolism was determined in the liver, epididymal adipose tissue, proximal intestine, and skeletal muscle. Histological analysis was performed to identify crown-like structure (CLS) in epididymal fat pads to determine macrophage infiltration. RESULTS: No differences were noted between the control and any berry-fed groups in plasma levels of liver enzymes, insulin, glucose, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide dismutase, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$. However, BK significantly lowered plasma triglyceride compared with the HF control and other berries, whereas BC significantly reduced F4/80 mRNA and the number of CLS in the epididymal fat pad, indicative of less macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence that BB, BK and BC with varying anthocyanin composition differentially affect plasma lipids and adipose macrophage infiltration in DIO mice, but with no differences in their antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory potential.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 1985

A total of 220 tadpoles was captured in 6 areas and total 117 frogs, Rana nigromacuzata, were collected in 11 areas in Korea. They were examined for their infection status by the metacercariae of Fibricola seoulensis by peptic digestion technique and by histological observation with hematoBylineosin staining. This study was carried out from August, 1983 to September, 1984. Followings are the results. 1. The tadpoles of R. nigromaculata were positive for the metacercariae from 3.3% to 100% by area. The number of metacercariae per infected tadpole ranged from 1 to 584, and the mean number Per tadpole ranged from 7.6 to 221 by area. 2. The metacercariae from 16 tadpoles were counted by the body portion. A great majority of the metacercariae was collected from abdominal cavity, 98.3% of 484 counted larvae. And 6(1.2%) larvae were from proximal tail and 2(0.4%) from trunk. 3. Histological sections of tadpoles showed many metacercariae in abdominal cavity but none in other parts. The larvae were free in the spaces among intestinal loops or around primitive liver. A few larvae were in duct-like tissues near trunk wall. There was little infiltration of inaammatory cells. 4. The metacercarial infection rates of frogs ranged from 0% to 100% by area. The larval burden was 1 to 470 by infected frogs, and mean number ranged from 1 to 175.6 by area. By above results, it is suggested that the cercariae of F. seoulensis may infect R. nigromaculata already in the stage of tadpole. Almost all of the metacercariae were concentrated in abdominal cavity of tadpoles. According to the infection status of frogs, this nuke is prevalent almost nationwidely in rice paddies in Korea.