• 품질경영학회지
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.37-45
• /
• 2001

A survival variable is a non-negative random variable X with distribution function F(t) satisfying F(0) : 0 and a survival function F(t): 1-F(t). This variable is said to be New Better than Used of specified age t$_{0}$ if F(x+ t$_{0}$)$\leq$F(x).F(t$_{0}$) for all x$\geq$0 and a fixed t$_{0}$. We propose the test for H$_{0}$ : F(x+t$_{0}$)=F(x).F(t$_{0}$) for all x$\geq$0 against H$_1$: F(x+t$_{0}$) $\leq$ F(x).F(t$_{0}$) for all x$\geq$0 when the specified age to is unknown but can be estimated from the data when t$_{0}$=ζ$_{p}$, the pth percentile of F. This test statistic, which is based on the normalized spacings between the ordered observations, is readily applied in the case of small sample. Also, our test is more simple than Ahmad's test (1998). Finally, the performance of our test is presented.our test is presented.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to establish intra-rater, inter-rater, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity of figure-of-8 walk test in people with stroke. Methods : The subjects of this study were 17 patients who were diagnosed with a stroke. Subjects were tested twice by the same raters, with 1 day between tests. Subjects were assessed by two physical therapists. Test-retest reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). The concurrent validity was demonstrated by spearman correlation of F8WT with 10m walking test (10MWT), timed up and go test (TUG), Berg balance scale (BBS), dynamic gait index (DGI) and four square step test (FSST). Results : Intra-rater, inter-rater, test- retest of F8WT time, showed high reliability. Intra-rater, inter-rater, test-retest of F8WT steps demonstrated high reliability. Intra-rater, inter-rater, test-retest of F8WT total smoothness score showed below moderate reliability. There was a significant positive correlation of F8WT time with 10MWT, TUG, FSST. There was a significant negative correlation of F8WT time with DGI, BBS. There was a significant positive correlation of F8WT steps with 10MWT, TUG, FSST. There was a significant negative correlation of F8WT steps with DGI. There was a significant positive correlation of F8WT test total smoothness score with BBS. Conclusion : The time, and number of steps in F8WT show high inter, intra-rater, test-retest reliability. The F8WT smoothness shows below moderate reliability. The F8WT shows high concurrent validity with other comparable balance, and walking tests. The F8WT is a valid and reliable measure for assessing walking function in patients with a stroke.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.139-149
• /
• 1997

For split plot designs exact univariate F tests of the within-subjects main effect are based on the assumption of multisample sphericity. Type I error rates and power are reported for the F test and two tests designed for use when multisample sphericity is violated: the $\widetilde{\xi}$-adjusted test and the Corrected Improved General Approximation(CIGA) test.The results indicate that even though the F test and the $\widetilde{\xi}$-adjusted test have better power than the CIGA test in some conditions, the F test and the $\widetilde{\xi}$-adjusted test do not control Type I error rates when the design is unbalanced and the F test dose not have a good control of Type I error rates when sphericity assumption is severely violated.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.87-97
• /
• 1995

$2 \times 2$ 요인계획법에서 주효과가 전혀 존재하지 않거나 단지 하나만이 존재하는 경우의 교호작용을 위한 일반적인 F 검정과 순위변환을 이용한 F 검정 (FR 검정)의 제1종 오류율과 검정력은 전반적으로 비슷한 수준이나 정규분포보다는 지수분포하에서의 FR 검정의 검정력이 상당히 높은 수준임을 알 수 있다. 반면에 주효과들이 모두 존재하는 경우의 FR 검정의 제1종 오류율은 F 검정에 비하여 효과의 크기가 증가할수록 감소하고 주효과의 구성방법에도 영향을 받으며, 검정력은 효과의 크기와 표본의 크기를 크게할수록 증가하되 FR 검정의 검정력은 F 검정에 비하여 낮은 수준이며 주효과의 구성방법 및 모집단의 분포형태에 따라 민감하게 변화함을 알 수 있다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.606-615
• /
• 1997

본 논문은 효과적인 검사 패턴 발생 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 검사 패턴 발생 방법 들은 고장 $F_{i+l}$에 대한 검사 패턴 발생을 고장 F1,F2....,Fi들에 대한 검사 패턴 발생시 행한 계산과는 독립적으로 행하게 된다. 제안된 방법에서는 고장 Fi에 대한 검사벡터를 전수받아 고장$F_{i+l}$에 대한 검사벡터를 발생한다. 전수받은 값을 점차로 바꾸어 나가 면서 새로운 검사벡터가 발생된다. 전수받은 값은 부분적으로 고장 신호를 활성화하고 이 고장 신호를 전파시키기도 한다. 보통 이들은 다음 탈식과정에서 결정단계의 수와 회귀 의 수를 감소 시킨다. 잘로서 알려진 벤치마크 회로에 대한 실험 결과는 낮은 회귀한계 에서 매우 효과적임을 보여주고, 다른 알고리즘과 병합시키면 임의의 회귀한계에서도 매우 효과적임음을 보여 준다.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.475-484
• /
• 2018

감마 일반화 선형모형은 음이 아니며 치우침이 있는 반응변수에 유용한 모형으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 포아송 분포 또는 이항 분포에 기반한 일반화 선형모형에 비해 적은 관심을 받아왔다. 특히, 회귀계수의 유의성 검정에 대해서는 연구가 면밀히 되어 있지 않다. 본 논문에서는 감마 일반화 선형 모형의 검정에 대해 다양한 통계량들을 알아보고 수치 연구를 통해 그들의 성능을 비교한다. 수치 실험의 결과 부분 이탈도 검정 방법의 문제점이 나타났으며, 가능도비 검정 방법과 F-검정 방법이 좋은 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한음성학회 2003년도 10월 학술대회지
• /
• pp.163-167
• /
• 2003

The present thesis examines the correlation of VOT and F0 in the three-way distinction of Korean obstruents, conducting production and perception tests. In the production test, one female native speaker of Korean with a Seoul dialect (the author) recorded 15 repetitions of a monosyllabic word list including /ka, kha, k*a, pa, pha, p*a, ta, tha, t*a, ca, cha, c*a/ in random order, VOT and F0 of the following vowels were measured, and the result was significant for the three-way distinction with a strong correlation between VOT and F0, and also in the VOT-F0 plot, no overlapping among the domains was observed. As for the perception test, I manipulated the data recorded in the production test, heightening or lowering their F0 values. In all, 14 subjects (seven males and seven females) participated in the identification test. The result was as follows: the fortis stimuli were not influenced by F0 changes, and the VOT and F0 values at the lenis-aspirated boundary were negatively correlated. From these results I concluded the following: 1) VOT and F0 can distinguish the three domains of Korean obstruents without overlapping; 2) the fortis perception does not need F0 as its acoustic cue; and 3) VOT and F0 in the distinction between the lenis and aspirated are in the phonetic trading relation[2].

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
• /
• pp.629-630
• /
• 2006

To investigate sliding friction and wear behaviors of WC-Co/WC-Co pairs containing different WC grain sizes, the ball-on-disc test in air were carried out, where WC grain sizes a $0.5\;{\mu}m$ (F.G.) and $1.5\;{\mu}m$ (C.G.). The wear volume of F.G. pin for F.G. pin/C.G. disc is larger than that of F.G. pin for F.G. pin/F.G. disc due to higher friction coefficient, and the surfaces after wear test are richer in oxygen compared to those before test. Furthermore, the wear debris, which is composed of nona-scale grain, after the wear test are remarkably richer in oxygen than to those before test.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제32권1호
• /
• pp.81-95
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the effects of a group cognitive improvement program on cognitive function, depression and self-esteem in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: This was an experimental study that employed a pre-post design of a non-equivalence control group. The subjects were 52 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment, 25 of whom were assigned to the experimental group and 27 to the control group. The program was conducted for a total of 12 sessions for 60 minutes each. Data were analyzed using the ${\chi}2-test$, Fisher's exact test, and Independent t-test with the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: After the intervention, the group who participated showed improvement in all areas of cognitive function based on MMSE-KC (F=26.37, p.<0.001), the Rey Complex Figure Test: copy (F=20.66, p.<0.001), Immediate memory of Seoul Verbal Learning Test-Elderly's version (F=29.68, p.<0.001), delayed memory (F=45.79 p.<0.001), memory recall (F=28.97, p.<0.001), Forward of Digit Span Test (F=9.25, p=.004), backward (F=8.33, p.=0.006), language comprehension (F=13.42, p.<0.001), and digit symbol coding (F=17.74, p.<0.001) relative to the control group. Moreover depression (F=24.09, p.<0.001) was decreased in program participants, whereas self-esteem (F=40.24, p.<0.001) was increased. Conclusion: The program could be a useful intervention because the results show that the group cognitive improvement program has a significant effect on cognitive function, depression and self-esteem in elderly with mild cognitive impairment.

• 한국식물병리학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.8-12
• /
• 1987

경기도 농촌진흥원에서 분양받은 녹두종자와 녹두 시험포의 뿌리 및 재배토양에서 Fusarium oxysporum, F. monitiforme, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. semitectum 및 F. sporotrichioides가 검출되었다. 종자를 대형 Petridish에서 발아시킨 유묘검정에서는 $7\%$, 자엽 및 배에서도 $2\%$의 감염율을 나타냈다. 녹두 종자에서 분리한 F. moniliforme, F. semitectum, F. equiseti 및 F. sporotrichioides를 Water-agar에서 병원성을 검정한 결과 모든 균주에서 병원성이 인정되었다. 이병근에서 F. oxysporum과 F. solani가 분리되었고, 이들의 병원성을 검정한 결과 Water-agar에서는 병원성이 인정되었으나 병원균접종토양에서는 약하게 나타났다. 재배토양에서는 F. oxysporum, F. solani 및 F. equiseti가 분리되었는데 이들도 Water-agar에서 병원성이 인정되었다. 병원균접종토양에서는 F. oxysporum과 F. equiseti는 병원성이 인정되었으나 F. solani는 병원성이 약하게 나타났다.