• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.483-490
• /
• 2009

In this paper, a novel low-damage silicon nitride passivation for 100nm InAlAs/InGaAs MHEMTs has been developed using remote ICPCVD. The silicon nitride deposited by ICPCVD showed higher quality, higher density, and lower hydrogen concentration than those of silicon nitride deposited by PECVD. In particular, we successfully minimized the plasma damage by separating the silicon nitride deposition region remotely from ICP generation region, typically with distance of 34cm. The silicon nitride passivation with remote ICPCVD has been successfully demonstrated on GaAs MHEMTs with minimized damage. The passivated devices showed considerable improvement in DC characteristics and also exhibited excellent RF characteristics($f_T$of 200GHz).The devices with remote ICPCVD passivation of 50nm silicon nitride exhibited 22% improvement(535mS/mm to 654mS/mm) of a maximum extrinsic transconductance($g_{m.max}$) and 20% improvement(551mA/mm to 662mA/mm) of a maximum saturation drain current ($I_{DS.max}$) compared to those of unpassivated ones, respectively. The results achieved in this work demonstrate that remote ICPCVD is a suitable candidate for the next-generation MHEMT passivation technique.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.101-105
• /
• 2005

Electroluminescence(EL) and current-voltage(I-V) characteristics of hybrid EL devices containing Pr and Mn co-doped ZnS nanoparticles were investigated in this study. For the insertion of a hole transport layer of poly (N-vinyl carbazole)(PVK), the current level became lower due to the accumulation of electrons at the interface between PVK and nanoparticles. When both PVK and buffer layer $BaF_2$ were simultaneously introduced, the enhanced EL efficiency and improved I-V characteristics were obtained. This results from the additional increase of hole injection owing to the internal field induced by the significant accumulation of electrons at the interface. The presence of buffer layer $BaF_2$ together with PVK makes it possible the charge accumulation enough to induce the sufficient internal field for further hole injection.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.468-481
• /
• 2002

There are 4 CANDU6 type reactors operating at Wolsong site. For fuelling operation of certain fuel channels (with flow less than 21.5 kg/s) a FARE flow Assist Ram Extension) device is used. During the refuelling operation, two remote controlled F/Ms (Fuelling Machines) are attached to a designated fuel channel and carry out refuelling job. The upstream F/M inserts new fuel bundles into the fuel channel while the downstream F/M discharges spent fuel bundles. In order to assist fuelling operation of channels that has lower coolant How rate, the FARE device is used instead of F/M C-ram to push the fuel bundle string. The FARE device is essentially a How restricting element that produces enough drag force to push the fuel bundle string toward downstream F/M. Channels that require the use of FARE device for refuelling are located along the outside perimeter of reactor. This paper presents the FARE device design feature, steady state hydraulic and operational characteristics and behavior of the device when coupled with fuel bundle string during fuelling operation. The study showed that the steady state performance of FARE device meets the design objective that was confirmed by downstream F/M C-ram force to be positive.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.521-528
• /
• 1996

This presentation explores on the perceptual characteristics of the lateral sound /l/ in CV syllables. At initial position we found that /l/ has well marked formant transitions. Then several questions arise: 1) are these formant structures dependent on the following vowel\ulcorner. 2) Are the formant transitions giving an additional cue for the identification\ulcorner Considering that the French vocalic system presents a greater variety of vowels than Spanish, several experiments were designed to verify to what extent a more extensive range of vocalic timbres contribute to the perception of /l/. Natural emissions of /l/ produced in Argentine Spanish and Canadian French CV syllables were recorded, where V was successively /i, e, a, o, u/ for Spanish and /i, e, $\varepsilon$, a, $\alpha$, o, u, y, \phi$/ for French. For each item, the segment C was maintained and V was replaced by cutting & splicing by each of the remaining vowels without transitions. Results of the identification tests for Spanish show that natural /l/ segments with low Fl and high formants F3, F4 can be clearly identified in the /i, e, u/ vowel contexts without transitions. For French subjects the combination of /l/ with a vowel without transitions reflected correct identifications for its own original vowel context in /e, $\varepsilon$, y, $\phi$/. For both languages, in all these combinations, F1 values remained rather steady along the syllable. In the case of /o, u/ very likely the F2 difference lead to a variety of perceptions of the original /l/. For example in Ilul, French subjects reported some identifications of /l/ as a vowel, mainly /y/. Our observations reinforce the importance of F1 as a relevant cue for /l/, and the incidence of the relative distance between formants frequencies of both components.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.283-288
• /
• 2009

This study was carried out to compare Msp I polymorphisms in the 3rd intron of porcine gene encoding the pituitary-1 transcription factor (POU1F1) from 286 pigs (Landrace $\times$ Yorkshire $\times$ Duroc, LYD) and to determine the associations between its genotypes and carcass traits by using the PCR-RFLP technique. The frequency of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype DD (84.33%) was very higher than that of CC genotype (0.75%). Allelic frequencies for C and D were 0.082 and 0.918, respectively. Each population followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Meat colours of Hunter $L^*$ values and visual colour according to two genotypes were all significantly different. However, no significant difference in crossbred (LYD) was found between CD and DD genotypes for other traits. Therefore, this suggests that POU1F1 may be a major gene or marker for carcass traits.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.121-128
• /
• 2005

This study was an attempt to determine acoustic characteristics in myna bird's notes. Two myna birds' sounds imitating a normal male voice in his late 20's were sampled and analyzed. The analyses included the mean values of F1, F2, F3 and pitch contours. The results were as follows; First, there was a significan difference in the mean values of F1, F2, and F3 in isolatd vowel /a/ and /i/ between the myna birds' sounds and the human voice. However, there was no apparent difference in pitch contour of their formants. Second, there was a difference in pitch contour of their formants in their sentence ('hn-nyung-ha-se-yo?' meaning 'How are you?') production. Namely, the myna birds' pitch contour was located higher than that of the human's.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.175-204
• /
• 1999

Today, the hotel industry in a whole are facing serious problems with a number of reasons. To overcome this situation, Customer-Oriented Marketing is considered to be a solution for the hotel F & B management, due to the potential of F & B department. The main purpose of this study was to present the Food and Beverage Marketing Mix Strategies suitable for the market characteristics. To achieve the purpose of this study, theoretical and empirical approaches were used. In review of theoritical background, basic concepts and characteristics of hotel F & B, hotel F & B marketing environment, and hotel F & B marketing mix were studied. Based on the theoritical studies and previous studies, F & B marketing mix sub-components were chosen. In this research, F & B 5P's and 1I marketing mix are discussed, they are Product, Price, Promotion, People, Physical evidence and Image. Through the survey, a number of important segment markets are emerged, which lead to essential segment markets ; business, conference and leisure market. F & B marketing mix strategies as follows. First, for the physical evidence mix, to build up the position as deluxe hotels, it is necessary to matte an investment in technical and decorative components. Second, for the people mix, to assure the service quality, the education and training programs for employee are required. Third, for the image mix, to ensure the image of hotel brand strength, the consideration for public area layout, restaurant and bar ambience, and green policy are required. Fourth, for the product and price mix, to differentiate the F & B, it is necessary to offer thorned and ethnic cuisine, and signature restaurants. Fifth, for the promotion mix, to attract more cumstomers, creative and various promotion activities, and long-term investment in customer-oriented marketing are required. There were some limitations in this study. That is, most of hotels don't operate the concrete and effective F & B marketing, have difficulty in getting data base for F & B customer. Despite their limitations, this study add some values to hotel F & B management in that it introduce the service marketing mix strategies to hotel F & B marketing.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.767-788
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine emotional characteristics and to provide information about the special needs of counselling of science gifted in Korea. The subjects were 143 science gifted high school students in Busan that had been tested MBTI and MMPI-A. The distribution map of MBTI type was examined and Pearson's correlation, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the relation between MBTI and MMPI-A through SPSS 17.0 program. The results showed as follows: first, ENTP, INTP, ISTJ personality types and NT temperament type were the most frequently from the distribution map of MBTI type. Second, F1, F2, F, Hs, D, Pt, Sc and Si scales of MMPI-A were positively related to I preference of MBTI and K and Ma scales of MMPI-A were significantly related to E preference of MBTI from Pearson's correlation. Third, The score of IN group was significantly more high in F1, Hs, D, SC and Si scales of MMPI-A than other group in the relation between two combination preferences of MBTI and scale of MMPI-A. The following results were same; IS group in D, Si scales, EN group in Ma scale, IT group in Hs, D, Pt and S scales, IF group in VRIN, D and Si scales, ET in Ma scale, IJ group in D and Si, IP group in F1, F, Hs, D, Hy, Pt, Sc and Si scales, EJ and EP groups in Ma scale. Finally, I preference of MBTI by F1, F2, F, Hs, D, Pt, Sc and Si scales of MMPI-A, E preference of MBTI by Ma scale of MMPI-A, F preference of MBTI by K scale of MMPI-A and P preference of MBTI by Hy scale of MMPI-A were significantly predicted from multiple regression analysis. Limitations of the current study and the suggestions for further research were offered.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 1999

In order to establish fundamental data for the betterment of Polyester microfiber fabric handle, a study by using fixed warp of ITY yarn samples with P/F, DTY, and ITY weft yarns was performed. For this purpose the samples of total 27 kinds were prepared. That is, each sample yarn was twisted in three ways and for each twisted yarn the fabric structures were modified in three ways, plain, twill, and satin. The examination was done by focusing on the point of the change of handles and the characteristics of the mechanical properties of the samples with the change of yarn and the fabric structure. The handles and the mechanical properties were examined with the KES-F system suggested by Kawabata. The results were as follows : 1. WT and MIU increased with increasing the twist. By comparing WT and MIU by yarn, DTY was higher than P/F. It appeared that twill and satin were higher than plain. 2. The bending rigidity change in DTY with increasing the twist was not significant, however in P/F it appeared apparently decreased with increasing the tlvist. Also, it appeared that when using P/F as weft the bending rigidity was higher than when using DTY and the twill structure appeared higher than the satin structure. 3. In shear force the increasing rates of plain and the twill were higher than satin. When DTY and P/F were used as weft, the shear force was higher in ITY and DTY than in P/F case. 4. Koshi appeared higher in the order of plain, twill and satin. When DTY and P/F were used as the weft Koshi increased with increasing the twist in plain, however in twill and satin it appeared to decrease. In hand value ITY(=7.5) appea.ed to be highe. than DTY and P/F(=6.5). 5. In all cases Shinayakasa decreased with increasing the twist. The hand values observed that satin was =4, twill was =3, and plain was =1.5. 6. Fukurami showed no significant change with increasing the twist in DTY, however in P/F and ITY it decreased.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 1996.10a
• /
• pp.514-514
• /
• 1996

Igbo, a new Benue Congo language has a vowel harmony system which, like that of Akan, is based on the pharynx size or tongue root position. In this study we examine Igbo vowel harmony with particular reference to assimilatory patterns of vowels in different harmony sets. This is to gain some insight into the factors involved in Igbo vowel assimilation, and to establish to what extent reports on Akan vowel assimilation are validated in Igbo. Tokens of the eight phonemic vowels of Standard Igbo are recorded from three native speakers of Igbo. The vowels are acoustically investigated (using the LPC analysis of CSL) in individual lexical items and within carefully designed carrier phrases. The F1 and F2 values of the vowels are obtained as these formant values are generally useful in establishing the salient characteristics of vowels. Vowels from the harmony sets are juxtaposed in the carrier phrases to ascertain the extent of assimilation. Results of the investigation show that the F1 values, to a large extend, are enough to characterize these vowels. The (-Expanded) vowels have higher F1 values than their (+Expanded) counterpart. Where there is an overlap in F1 values for some vowels the F1 bandwidth values serve to distinguish between the vowels. The overlap often reported in Akan for /I/ and /e/ on the one hand and /${\mho}$/ and /o/ on the other is not validated in Igbo. While the F1 values for these pairs of vowels are quite similar for one of our speakers, there is an appreciable difference between the F1 values of these vowels for the other two speakers. There is however an overlap for /e/ and /o/ for one of the speakers. Assimilations are generally regressive across word boundaries. It is, however, necessary to point out that the general perceptual impression that one of the vowels completely assimilates to the other, is not borne out by our investigation. Most of our F1 and F2 values for the vowels in individual lexical items are altered in assimilations. This then suggests that assimilation involving these vowels is partial rather than complete. The emerging 'allophones' are acoustically similar to the (+Expanded) vowel involved in the assimilation, that is when vowels from different harmony sets are involved. We conclude that while assimilation of Igbo vowels involves some phonological considerations, phonetic factors appear to be permanent in deciding the final form of the vowels.