• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1990년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국제학술편); KOEX, Seoul; 26-27 Oct. 1990
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• pp.1009-1013
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• 1990

In the Orient, most references are made on the visual perception of the eye having the blue iris, even in the case where the reference should be made on the perception by the eye having the dark iris. In order to clarify the difference in the visual perceptions of a monochromatic light, an objective boundary wavelength between hues incident on the dark eyes was obtained and the correlation between the valuesalready reported as having been obtained with the blue eyes was examined. A significant difference was found in the subjective boundary wavelengths of hues depending on the difference in the visual sensitivity distribution on the dark and blue eyes.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2015

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify whether static and dynamic balance in young men were influenced by the different height of insoles in their shoes. Methods : Eighteen healthy young men (mean $20.61{\pm}1.38years$) were recruited for this study. The subjects' static and dynamic balance were assessed while wearing three different height' insoles (0cm, 2cm, 3cm) in their tennis shoes. Anterioposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) sway velocity was measured for 20 seconds using a force plate (Good balance system, Finland) under four conditions including normal standing with eyes open and with eyes closed, and tandem standing with eyes open and with eyes closed. The Functional Reach Test (FRT) and Timed Up & Go (TUG) were also performed for each subject under each condition. Results : 1) ML and AP sway velocities in young men were significantly different according to the height of the insole in normal standing with eyes open and eyes closed. 2) ML and AP sway velocities in young men were not different according to the height of the insole in tandem standing with eyes open. 3) ML sway velocities in young men were significantly different according to the height of the insole in tandem standing with eyes closed, whereas AP sway velocities did not differ by height of the insole in tandem standing with eyes closed. 4) FRT scores in young men were significantly different according to the height of the insole. 5) TUG scores in young men were not significantly different according to the height of the insole. Conclusions : This study's results indicate that the static and dynamic balance in young men can be influenced by shoe insole height.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1024-1030
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• 2007

We investigated the human apolipoprotein E2 (apoE2) transgenic mouse as an animal model system for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Transgenic mice expressing human apoE2 and C57BL/6J mice were fed normal chow or a high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Eyes were collected from the mice and lipid deposits in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were assessed using electron microscopy. The expressions of apoE, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and pigment-epithelium derived factor (PEDF), which are molecular markers for angiogenesis, were assessed with immunohistochemistry. Eyes from apoE2 mice, regardless of diet, contained lipid accumulation in RPE under electron microscopy, whereas control C57BL/6J eyes did not. Lipid accumulation was found predominantly in the RPE and the Bruch's membrane and increased in the eyes of apoE2 mice after one month of a high-fat diet ($8{\pm}2\;per\;50{\mu}m^2$ for normal chow and $11{\pm}2\;per\;50\;{\mu}m^2,\;p<0.05)$. ApoE expression was similar in the apoE2 and control mice; however, VEGF and bFGF were overexpressed in the retinal pigment epithelium of apoE2 eyes compared with control eyes, and PEDF expression was slightly decreased. These expression patterns of VEGF, bFGF, and PEDF suggest angiogenesis is progressing in apoE2 eyes. In conclusion, the eyes of apoE2 mice develop typical lipid accumulations, a common characteristic of AMD, making them a suitable animal model for AMD. The expression profile of VEGF and bFGF on the retinal pigment epithelium suggests that apoE2 may induce neovascularization by altering angiogenic cytokines.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2008

This study was designed to examine the effects of temporary immobilization of the ankle and knee joints on standing in healthy young adults with the use of a postural control mechanism. The subjects were twenty-four college students (12 males and 12 females, aged between 20 and 28). A Biodex balance system SD 950-302 and its software were used to measure indirect balance parameters in standing. Each subject underwent postural stability tests in 4-different joint conditions: free joints, ankle immobilization only, knee immobilization only, and ankle and knee immobilization. In addition, the postural stability test was conducted once with the subject's eyes open and once with the eyes closed conditions. For data analysis of the postural stability tests, the overall stability index, antero-posterior stability index, and medio-lateral stability index were recorded. The overall stability index (p=.000) and medial-lateral index (p=.003) were significantly greater different conditions with eyes closed in postural stability. Therefore, the eyes closed condition is expected to be used as an effective postural stability training for treatment planning in patients with unstable postures. In addition, training based on the dynamic multi-segment model can improve postural stability and is available to therapeutic programs, helping people with unstable balance to reduce their risk of falling.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

Purpose : To evaluate the effect of cervical strengthening exercise on balance ability in healthy adults. Method : The subjects consisted of forty healthy people. The subjects were divided into two group. The control group(n=14) received no exercise and/or stimulation. The cervical strengthening exercise group(n=14) performed therapeutic intervention using cervical exercise for strengthening of cervical spine muscle. The exercise group were accomplished during 6 weeks(2~3set, 5times/week). All tests were completed before and after experiment. The static balance ability was measured by normal standing when subjects open and close their eyes on GOOD BALANCE SYSTEM, respectively. For each case, the experimental data were obtained in 3 items: mean X speed, mean Y speed and velocity moment. Result : The results of this study were as follows; 1. In the exercise group, the statistically significant difference were shown on X speed and Y speed in the case of normal standing when subjects open and close their eyes and X speed, Y speed and velocity moment in the case of normal standing when subjects close their eyes(p<0.05). 2. In control group, the statistically significant difference were not shown on all posture(p>0.05). 3. There were a statistically significant difference in the X speed and Y speed in the case of normal standing when subjects open their eyes between control group and the exercise group(p<0.05). There were a statistically significant difference in the X speed, Y speed and velocity moment in the case of normal standing when subjects close their eyes between control group and exercise group(p<0.05). Conclusion : The above results revealed that therapeutic intervention for muscle strengthening of cervical there were positive changes to balance ability.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate correlation of the phlegm-retained fluid, namely Damum(痰飮) and dark circles under eyes. Methods: 2 males and 11 females aged 26-60 years were participated in this study. They were asked the intensity of 29 symptoms related with Damum(痰飮) including dark circle with the questionnaire published by the Journal of the Korea Institute of Oriental Medical Diagnostics. Three skin researchers including OMD graded the dark circles by inspection. We took the pictures around eyes by Facial Stage (Moritex, Japan) and analyzed the skin color by Image-Pro Plus (Media Cybernetics, USA). Results: There was statistically significant correlation between Damum(痰飮) and dark circles measured by self, inspectors and image analysis. Conclusions: In the Oriental Medicine, It is reported that the shadows under eyes are the sign of the retention of fluid, Damum(痰飮). In our study, that shadows, namely dark circles, has correlation with the symptoms of Damum(痰飮). Especially, the correlation between inspected grade and image analysis was very high. According to the above results, it is proved that dark circles under eyes are important diagnostic sign of Damum(痰飮).

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.334-343
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• 1995

명상태와 암상태에서 벼멸구의 겹눈의 미세구조가 변화하는 것을 관찰하였다. 벼멸구의 겹눈을 암조건 혹은 광조건 하에서 최고 72시간 까지 유지하였을 경우에 비슷한 수준에서 겹눈을 절단하여 해부 현미경으로 관찰한 결고, 구조적인 면에서 서로 다른 모양을 관찰하였다. 한편, 전자현미경을 이용하여 암조건과 광조건 하에서의 겹눈의 미세구조를 비교한 결과, 단애층(palisade layer)의 넓이는 광조건하에서 암조건에서 보다 더 좁은 것을 알 수 있었다. 색소체는 암적응 상태의 눈에서는 단애층 주위에 원을 형성하고 있었지만, 감간채 주위에 밀집되어 있지는 않았다. 암적용과 광적용 상태의 눈에 있는 망막세포 내에서의 미세융모 지름은 차이가 없었으며, 수정체와 감간체의 접합 부위에 있는 색소체의 이동은 감간체의 위부분에 있은 수정체의 끝부분에서 변화가 있음을 관찰 할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.219-223
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the spherical equivalent visual acuity (VA) and uncorrected astigmatism. On 108 emmetropic eyes, the spherical equivalent VA was measured for cross cylindrical lens (CC lens)-induced astigmatic eyes and the VA-astigmatism relation determined. On 158 astigmatic eyes, the spherical equivalent VA and corrected astigmatism were measured and the measured values were compared with the calculated values from the VA-astigmatism relation by correlation coefficient analysis. Subsequent to that, the relationship between spherical equivalent VA and uncorrected astigmatism was made. The relationship was fitted for an exponential equation. Correlation coefficient between calculated values by equation and measured values for astigmatic eyes was 0.991 (p<0.01). The relationship between the spherical equivalent VA and the uncorrected astigmatism was decided as follows (spherical equivalent VA / uncorrected astigmatism): 1.0 / 0.25 D, 0.9 / 0.50 D, 0.8 / 0.75 D, 0.7 / 1.00 D, 0.6 / 1.25 D, 0.5 / 1.50 D, 0.4 / 2.00 D, 0.3 / 2.50 D, 0.2 / 3.00 D, 0.1 / 4.00 D, and 0.05 / 4.75 D. In conclusion, the relationship table devised from this study is a useful reference for predicting uncorrected astigmatism by measurement of decimal VA in spherical equivalent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1653-1658
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• 2000

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) mRNA levels in the eyes, heart, liver and breast muscle removed from dwarf egg-type, normal egg-type and normal meat-type chicken embryos at 7, 14 and 20 days of incubation were measured. There was no influence of chicken strain on IGF-I gene expression in the eyes and liver. The IGF-I gene expression in eyes increased significantly along with the incubation period. In the liver, IGF-I gene expression at 20 days of incubation was significantly higher than that at 14 days of incubation. In the muscle, the lowest value for IGF-I gene expression was observed in meat-type chicken embryos. Regression analysis revealed that IGF-I gene expression was significantly correlated to the weights of the eyes and liver, but not the muscle. We conclude that there is little influence of strain on tissue IGF-I gene expression in chicken embryos during incubation but that tissue development in chicken embryos is nevertheless at least partly regulated by the change in IGF-I gene expression.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of a Halliwick rotation program on improving balance. Methods: Nine healthy females were randomly assigned to a Halliwick rotation program training as an aquatic group (n=9, age=$22.5{\pm}1.3$ years) or to a control group. The aquatic group trained using a Halliwick rotation program (3 times/week, 30 min/day) for 6 weeks. Balance was measured according to stance position: Hard Plate Open Eyes (HOE), Hard Plate Close Eyes (HCE), Soft Plate Open Eyes (SOE) and Soft Plate Close Eyes (SCE). This was done before the training and 3 and 6 weeks after the training. The data were analyzed with the SPSS Win 12.0 program using repeated measure ANOVA. Results: There were significant training-induced differences in SOE and POE (p<0.05), and in SCE and PCE (p<0.05) by Toe pad. There were significant training-induced differences in SOE and POE (p<0.05) by Heel pad after the aquatic rotation exercise program. Conclusion: The Halliwick rotation program can improve balance.