• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.828-835
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• 2008

We present a novel method for eye location by means of a two-level classifier scheme. Locating the eye by machine-inspection of an image or video is an important problem for Computer Vision and is of particular value to applications in biomedical imaging. Our method aims to overcome the significant challenge of an eye-location that is able to maintain high accuracy by disregarding highly variable changes in the environment. A first level of computational analysis processes this image context. This is followed by object detection by means of a two-class discrimination classifier(second algorithmic level).We have tested our eye location system using FERET and BioID database. We compare the performance of two-level classifier with that of non-level classifier, and found it's better performance.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1087-1104
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• 2015

An eye location based head posture recognition method is proposed in this paper. First, face is detected using skin color method, and eyebrow and eye areas are located based on gray gradient in face. Next, pupil circles are determined using edge detection circle method. Finally, head postures are recognized based on eye location information. The proposed method has high recognition precision and is robust for facial expressions and different head postures, and can be used in mouse operation. The experimental results reveal the validity of proposed method.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.350-355
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• 2007

Pad-eye is connected to crane with sling. When block is lift, pad-eye have a various applied force. Applied force on pad-eye is related to sling angle. Sling angle is decided by various parameters, including pad-eye location, sling length and crane location. Welded joint on pad-eye requires strength design because sling angle changes force on pad-eye. Strength design for welded joint of pad-eye will calculate with general mechanical design and FE analysis. FE analysis would become a useful tool in the analysis of welded joint. A commercial software(ANSYS 10.0) was used in the structural strength analysis for welded joint of pad-eye.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.12B no.2 s.98
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• pp.109-114
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• 2005

Many researchers have been interested in user authentication using biometric information, and face recognition is a lively field of study of ones in the latest biometric recognition field because of advantage that it can recognize who he/she is without touching machinery. This paper proposes method to extract eye location effectively at face detection step that is precedence work of face recognition. The iterative threshold selection was adopted to get a proper binary image and also the Gaussian filter was used to intensify the properties of eyes to extract an eye location. The correlation was adopted to verify if the eye location is correct or not. Extraction of an eye location that propose in paper as well as accuracy, considered so that may can apply to online system and showed satisfactory performance as result that apply to on line system.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2020

Deep Learning has become the most important technology in the field of artificial intelligence machine learning, with its high performance overwhelming existing methods in various applications. In this paper, an interactive window service based on object recognition technology is proposed. The main goal is to implement an object recognition technology using this deep learning technology to remove the existing eye tracking technology, which requires users to wear eye tracking devices themselves, and to implement an eye tracking technology that uses only usual cameras to track users' eye. We design an interactive system based on efficient eye detection and pupil tracking method that can verify the user's eye movement. To estimate the view-direction of user's eye, we initialize to make the reference (origin) coordinate. Then the view direction is estimated from the extracted eye pupils from the origin coordinate. Also, we propose a blink detection technique based on the eye apply ratio (EAR). With the extracted view direction and eye action, we provide some augmented information of interest without the existing complex and expensive eye-tracking systems with various service topics and situations. For verification, the user guiding service is implemented as a proto-type model with the school map to inform the location information of the desired location or building.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.12
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• pp.71-83
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• 1996

This paper describes facial component detection and skew correction algorithm for face recognition. We use a priori knowledge and models about isolated regions to detect eye location from the face image captured in natural office environments. The relations between human face components are represented by several rules. We adopt an edge detection algorithm using sobel mask and 8-connected labelling algorith using array pointers. A labeled image has many isolated components. initially, the eye size rules are used. Eye size rules are not affected much by irregular input image conditions. Eye size rules size, and limited in the ratio between gorizontal and vertical sizes. By the eye size rule, 2 ~ 16 candidate eye components can be detected. Next, candidate eye parirs are verified by the information of location and shape, and one eye pair location is decided using face models about eye and eyebrow. Once we extract eye regions, we connect the center points of the two eyes and calculate the angle between them. Then we rotate the face to compensate for the angle so that the two eyes on a horizontal line. We tested 120 input images form 40 people, and achieved 91.7% success rate using eye size rules and face model. The main reasons of the 8.3% failure are due to components adjacent to eyes such as eyebrows. To detect facial components from the failed images, we are developing a mouth region processing module.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.89-96
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• 2009

A lot of information is contained in an image or a movie rather than in a text, and it is very important thing to extract context from them. In this study, we propose a method to detect an open/closed eye and determine the location of a pupil in an eye image which is extracted from a movie. The image is normalized using transformation into bipolarization with white and black color and horizontalizing, and we measure width and height of an eye. With these information, we can determine the open or closed eye and the location of the pupil. Experiments were done with 52 images of eyes from movies using this method, and we get good results with 98% of correctness in detection of open/closed eyes and 95% in detection of pupil's location.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

In current video-conferencing systems. user's face movements are restricted by fixed camera, therefore it is inconvenient to users. To solve this problem, tracking of face movements is needed. Tracking using whole face needs much computing time and whole face is difficult to define as an one feature. Thus, using several feature points in face is more desirable to track face movements efficiently. This paper addresses an effective eye location algorithm which is essential process of automatic human face tracking system for natural video-conferencing. The location of eye is very important information for face tracking, as eye has most clear and simplest attribute in face. The proposed algorithm is applied to candidate face regions from the face region extraction. It is not sensitive to lighting conditions and has no restriction on face size and face with glasses. The proposed algorithm shows very encouraging results from experiments on video-conferencing environments.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.4 no.12
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• pp.3211-3218
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• 1997

This paper addresses an eye location algorithm which is essential process of human face tracking system for natural video-conferencing. In current video-conferencing systems, user's facial movements are restricted by fixed camera, therefore it is inconvenient to users. We Propose an eye location algorithm for automatic face tracking. Because, locations of other facial features guessed from locations of eye and scale of face in the image can be calculated using inter-ocular distance. Most previous feature extraction methods for face recognition system are approached under assumption that approximative face region or location of each facial feature is known. The proposed algorithm in this paper uses no prior information on the given image. It is not sensitive to backgrounds and lighting conditions. The proposed algorithm uses the valley representation as major information to locate eyes. The experiments have been performed for 213 frames of 17 people and show very encouraging results.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.19 no.2 s.20
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• pp.263-272
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• 1986

During the 8 months from October 1985 to May 1986, the survey was performed on 211 leprosy patients over fifty years old, settled in the four villages of Iksan county, North of Chulla province. In that obserbation, we investigated the frequency and the degree of impairments according to sex, age, and anatomical location by the 'guides to the evaluation of permanent impairment'. The noticeable findings were made as follows: 1) Frequency of impairment by anatomical location was significantly higher in hand than eye and foot (p<0.01). 2) Frequency of impairment was significantly increased in eye according as age increase (p<0.01). 3) The degree of impairments of all patients was the highest in hand as 28.7%. 4) By the kinds of impairment, the flextion and the amputation were most common in hand and foot, and loss of central vision was common symptom in eye. 5) The degree of impairments of 211 leprosy patients was shown as 44.1% and increased according as age increase.