• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2009

The directions of the road are divided into two, the right-hand side and left-hand side of the road, by the convention and specific native method in the world. This paper deals with the characteristics and behaviors of drivers who are accustomed to driving on right-hand side of the road, drive with a handle on the left-hand side, and comparing with left-hand side drivers. The driver's eye movements were measured by eye camera and questionnaires were used for measuring subjective evaluation such as driving mental workload. The experimental results indicated even if the experts who had much experience on right-hand side driving, they had lower driving skill than novice driver, accustomed to driving on left-hand side. In terms of mental workload, MCH rating scale and MNASA-TLX, the right-hand side drivers were in lower stress condition than the left-hand side drivers because of having much driving experience. However, they conducted a few mistakes by confusing the position of turn signal and windshield wiper because of their driving habit or traits and it lead to operation mistakes. These results can be applied effectively to develop the driving support information with changed environments.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2002

The vision disturbances of school-age children has been recognized as and important school health problem. The purpose of this study is to describe the current status of the visual health and to explore the related factors for the decrease in visual acuity in the elementary school age children. The study subjects were 697 children (Boys: 338, Girls: 359) of 4th to 6th grade in two school in urban area. The visual acuity data of the school health examination in 1999 and 2000 were utilized for analysis. The questionnaire for children and parents was used for survey. The findings were as follows. 1. The prevalance rate of the children with the visual acuity less than 0.7 on the left eye were 26.84％ ( Grade 4), 31.30％ (Grade 5), and 38.39％ (Grade 6). The rate on the right eye were 28.31％ (Grade4), 30.37％ (Grade 5), and 37.92％ (Grade 6). There was a significant difference in the rate of the visual acuity less than 0.7 according to grade (p<.01). 2.The rate of visual acuity decrease was 40.12％. 3. The factors related to the decrease in the visual acuity were grade, sex, genetic factor, posture, and the awareness of the visual acuity. There was more decrease in the visual acuity when the children were in higher grade (O.R= 1.06), girls (O.R=2.29). Children having parents with better vision (Father: O.R=1.26; Mother O.R= 1.25) showed better vision. On the other hand, when the children have siblings with glasses, there was more decrease in the visual acuity (O.R=2.31). Students with good posture during study (sitting on the chair) and watching TV to the lower direction showed less decrease in the visual acuity. Also, when the students know their visual acuity, the rate of decrease were lower. The variables which odds ratio were statistically significant were sex (p<.01), siblings with glasses (p <.01), and awareness of visual acuity (p<.01).

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 긍정 얼굴 자극에 대한 주의의 과정에서 정서 맥락적 배경의 유무에 따라 사회불안성향자들과 정상인 간 차이가 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 무맥락적 배경에서 긍정 얼굴 자극에 대한 주의 과정을 확인하였고, 다음으로 정서 맥락적 배경이 존재하는 상황에서 동일한 주의 과정을 탐색하였다. D시의 800명의 대학생에게 SADS와 CES-D를 실시하고, 사회불안집단(SA, n=24)과 정상 대조군(NC, n=24)을 선별하였다. 주의 개입과 주의 이탈 두 요소를 측정하기 위해 최초 응시 방향, 최초 응시 시간을 안구 운동 추적을 통해 측정하였다. 그 결과, 사회불안집단의 경우 배경이 없는 상태에서 통제집단에 비해 긍정 얼굴 자극으로부터 더 빠른 주의 이탈이 관찰되었다. 그러나 긍정 얼굴 자극이 긍정 배경 자극 안에 제시되면 사회불안집단과 통제집단 간의 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 이 결과는 긍정 배경이 사회불안장애성향자의 정서 처리에 영향을 미친다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2021

VR 애니메이션은 기존의 애니메이션에서의 연출 방법과는 다른 연출 방법이 필요하다. 기존의 애니메이션은 영화관에서 스크린을 응시하며 관람하였지만, VR 애니메이션은 360° 시점의 자유로 인해 기존의 연출 방법만으로는 향유자의 시선을 연출자의 의도대로 움직이기 힘들다. 루돌프 아른하임이 말한 시지각 요인과 브루스 블록의 주목도가 높은 시각적 요인들을 이론적 배경으로 하여 세 편의 VR 애니메이션을 분석하였다. 공간의 인지, 시선의 집중, 시선의 이동의 세 가지 과정에서 시각적 요인인 '움직임' 요소가 시선의 유도를 위해 제일 많이 사용된 것으로 나타났다. 인터랙티브 VR 애니메이션 <울브스 인더 월스>는 스토리에 중요한 지점마다 인터랙션을 통해 향유자가 참여하도록 하여 강제적으로 시선을 유도하였다. 위의 분석을 통해 멀미 유발 감소를 위한 인터랙션 연출 방법으로 캐릭터의 움직임을 통한 시선 유도를 제안하였고, 스토리텔링 이해를 위한 인터랙션 연출 방법으로 인터랙션 이벤트를 이용한 향유자의 참여유도와 GUI를 이용한 직관적인 시선 유도를 제안하였다. 두 가지의 연출제안을 토대로 VR 애니메이션에서 문제가 되는 사이버멀미 저감을 위한 스토리 텔링의 몰입을 유도하는 기초연구로 활용되길 기대한다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2016

본 논문은 차량의 내부 및 외부 정보를 통합하여 운전자의 인지 상태를 측정하고, 안전운전을 보조하여 주는시스템을 제안한다. 구현된 시스템은 운전자의 시선 정보와 외부 영상을 분석하여 얻은 주변정보를 mutual information기반으로 통합하여 구현되며, 차량의 앞부분과 내부 운전자를 검출하는 2개의 카메라를 이용한다. 외부 카메라에서 정보를 얻기 위해 선택적 집중모델을 기반으로 하는 게슈탈트법칙을 제안하고, 이를 기반으로 구현된 saliency map (SM) 모델은 신호등과 같은 중요한 외부 자극을 두드러지게 표현한다. 내부 카메라에서는 얼굴의 특징정보를 이용하여 운전자의 주의가 집중되는 외부 응시 정보를 파악하고 이를 통해 운전자가 응시하고 있는 영역을 검출한다. 이를 위해서 우리는 실시간으로 운전자의 얼굴특징을 검출하는 알고리즘을 사용한다. 운전자의 얼굴을 검출하기 위하여 modified census transform (MCT) 기반의 Adaboost 알고리즘을 사용하였으며, POSIT (POS with ITerations)알고리즘을 통해 3차원 공간에서 머리의 방향과 운전자 응시 정보를 측정하였다. 실험결과를 통하여 제안한 시스템이 실시간으로 운전자의 응시하고 있는 영역과, 신호등과 같은 운전에 도움이 되는 정보를 파악하는데 도움이 되었음을 확인할 수 있으며, 이러한 시스템이 운전보조 시스템에 효과적으로 적용될 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the visual perception ability and the static dynamic balance ability in health elderly. Method: The Motor Free Visual Perception Test-Row Score(MVPT-RS) and MVPT-Process Time(MVPT-PT) were used for evaluating the visual perception abilities. Assessment of the balance ability was taken by using Good Balance System. In the assessment using Good Balance System, X, Y coordinate speed, anterior-posterior direction, medial-lateral direction and Velocity Movement(VM) in standing posture when eye open were measured as static balance abilities. Thirty-seven healthy elderly who live in Gwangyang participated in the experiment for 2 months, from October to November 2010. Results: 1. There were statistically significant differences of MVPT-RS, MVPT-PT, NSB-X, NSB-Y, NSB-VM, OLB-X, and OLB-VM based on the gender(p<0.05). 2. The negative correlations of MVPT-RS:NSB-Y(r=-0.354), MVPT-RS:OLB-X(r=-0.4), MVPT-RS: OLB-Y(r=-0.371), but positive correlations of MVPT-PT:DTB-T showed a statistical significance(r=0.45, p<0.05). 3. The positive correlations of NSB-X:NSB-Y(r=0.54), NSB-X: NSB-VM(r=0.848), NSB-Y:NSB-VM(r=0.531), OLB-X:OLB-Y(r=0.876), OLB-X:OLB-VM(r=0.872), and OLB-Y:OLB-VM(r=0.787) showed statistical significances(p<0.05). Conclusion: These results showed that the visual perception ability was correlated with some balance ability in health elderly. Especially the perception test process time(MVPT-PT) has closely related with the DTB-T. The visual perception ability is considered as a factor on the balance ability in health elderly. Further study will focus on the development of improving program of visual perception ability as an improving method of balancing ability in health elderly.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 1984

The notion that the axis of the shaft of the articulator must coincide the patient's mandibular transverse axis tells us the importance of locating the axis precisely. When using kinematic axis to transfer a cast to an articulator, the anatomic asymmetry of the contralateral points will result in certain distortion when the axis transferred to an articulator where the mechanical axis produces symmetry. In this study, after locating the true hinge axis point with Denar hinge axis locator, the discrepancies between true hinge axis point and arbitrary hinge axis point that was 13mm anterior from the posterior margin of center of trangus to the outer canthus of eye were measured. And the discrepancies between left and right true hinge axis point in the superoinferior and anteroposterior directions were measured. For this study, 20 dental students who have no missing teeth and no difficulties of mandibular movement were selected. Upper and lower cast of subjects were mounted on Denar Mark II articulator uisng Denar Slidematic face-bow and centric relation record for the measurement of discrepancies between left and right true hinge axis points. The results obtained as follows. 1. The mean distance from the arbitrary hinge axis point to the true hinge axis point was as follows. Right: horizontal distance; 1.99mm, vertical distance; 2.12mm, linear distance; 3.36 mm. Left: horizontal distance; 1.39mm, vertical distance; 2.06mm, linear distance; 2.09mm. Total: horizontal distance; 1.69mm, vertical distance; 2.09mm linear distance; 3.06 mm. 2. The 87.5% of true hinge axis points were within 5mm of the arbitrary hinge axis point. 3. The mean discrepancies between the right and left hinge axis point were 2.92mm in superoinferior direction and 4.74mm in anteroposterior direction. 4. When transferring the axis to the articulator, anatomic asymmetry between right: and left axis point produces in dislocation of cast on the articulator, and undesirable shift in esthetic tooth position will be resulted.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.497-503
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• 2004

In this research, we have performed a T-test to see how the relationship between dependent variable or visual point level and independent variable or visual quantity is in order to clear up the correlation between pattern of visual point and visual quantity by the constituents of a view from a different visual point level and the results are as follows: 1) In case of the character of Mt. Uam landscape of the city, Uamsan is set as a fixed point and about a direction of view(D), the north is a datum point from which the range of direction is distributed within 1800 westwardly and the visual range(R) is also within 2000m. An elevation is an average of 7.40 and the average story of the buildings is 3.85. Here the height of a story is about 4m so the average of the visual point difference is estimated at 15.4m. 2) The type of visual point is divided into the intersection group and the front of the highly used public buildings group. Double intersection types account for about 78.80%(52 spots) which forms a majority part of LCP. 3) The analysis of the difference of visual point level divided by eye level and that of the top of the buildings has been proved that there's a sharp difference resulted from t-test at 1 % significant level. The significant difference of elevation from height difference(l5.93m), however, has not been shown. 4) From the result of T-test about visual quantity by the elements of a view from a different visual point level, the visual quantity of mountain(VQM), sky(VQS), ground(VQG) is significant at about 1% each and that of building(VQB) is at about 5%. The difference in visual quantity of a mountain by the visual point level is at about 4% which can meet a marginal level of LCP necessary for evaluation of mountainscape.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1995

This study was to measure the properties of logs and classify them by non-destructive methods. The purpose of this experiment was focused at mensurability of logs by non-destructive methods. The non-destructive instrument, Stress-Wave Timer 239A which was made by Metriguard in U.S.A., was used. The stress wave velocities of log's cross direction were measured and compared with three different methods; 1. with hammer, 2. with hammer and D.B.H. meter, 3. with manufactured instrument. Number of used logs were seven logs, which were classified by naked eye into six groups; very severe rot, severe rot, mild rot & knot, mild rot & check, mild rot, sound log, and in diameter were into three groups; large(57.4cm), medium(36~41.2cm), small(28.9cm) log. The results, which were classified by mensurability with non-destructive methods, were followed; 1. The stress wave velocities were very different between rot and sound log. So it meant the possibility of mensurability of logs by non-destructive method even if high standard error. 2. The stress wave velocities decreased with checks more than with rots, which meant the checks affected speeds more. 3. The stress wave velocities increased with knot. 4. The velocities with manufactured instrument showed lower standard error, so more accurate results than other methods. Especially the required labour decreased from 3~4 to 2 persons. 5. Finally, the mensurability showed more accurate results and made the classification of logs scientific.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.142-156
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• 2013

이 연구의 목적은 시선 이동을 통해 나타나는 인지양식에 따른 관찰 특성의 차이를 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 전체적 인지양식, 분석적 인지양식 집단의 관찰 사실에 차이를 보이는 관찰 과제를 개발하고, 각각의 인지양식을 가진 대학생들을 대상으로 관찰 과제를 제시했을 때 시선 이동을 측정하였다. 통계 자료와 시각화 자료를 수집하여 Fixation을 분석하였고 두 인지양식 집단의 관찰 특성 차이를 확인하였다. 이 연구에서 밝혀진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인지양식에 따른 관찰대상 영역을 비교했을 때 전체적 인지양식 집단은 분석적 집단양식보다 거미줄 및 주위 환경을 포함하는 넓은 영역을 관찰하는 반면 분석적 인지양식 집단은 주로 거미 대상 자체에 초점을 두고 관찰한다. 둘째, 인지양식에 따른 관찰 순서와 방향을 비교했을 때 분석적 인지양식 집단은 거미 자체를 먼저 관찰한 후 주변 환경 요소로 나가는 반면 전체적 인지양식 집단은 거미와 주변 환경을 번갈아 관찰하거나 특이한 부분을 먼저 관찰하는 등 패턴이 일정하지 않다. 전체적 생김새와 부분적 생김새 관찰시 분석적 인지양식 집단에서는 일정한 방향과 연속적인 반복적 탐색이 존재하지만 전체적 인지양식 집단은 정해진 패턴 없이 눈에 띄는 속성 중심으로 관찰이 이루어진다. 이상의 연구 결과를 종합해보면 인지양식에 따라 관찰 대상, 영역, 순서, 방향에 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 학습자마다 다양한 관찰 결과가 나타나는 원인이 인지양식에 따라 받아 들이는 정보의 차이에 있음을 확인하였고, 본 연구의 결과는 학습자의 특성에 가장 적합한 관찰 수행을 파악하고 지도하는데 도움이 될 것이다.