• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1989년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.153-157
• /
• 1989

In this paper, a new method of Eye Movement Pattern Encoding (EMPE) which is based on electrooculography(EOG) was suggested for the purpose of effective communication between man and machine, instead of Point-Of-Regard-Selection (PORS) method. Also, ocular interface is designed and the typing aid, eye-pattern writer, was constructed for the test of theoretical validity and its practical aspect. Effect of eye fatigue on the performance of ocular interface was quantified through fatigue test.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2014

Objective: This study aims to present literature providing researchers with insights on specific fields of research and highlighting the major issues in the research topics. A systematic review is suggested using content analysis on literatures regarding "visual search", "eye movement", and "eye track". Background: Literature review can be classified as "narrative" or "systematic" depending on its approach in structuring the content of the research. Narrative review is a traditional approach that describes the current state of a study field and discusses relevant topics. However, since literatures on specific area cover a broad range, reviewers inherently give subjective weight on specific issues. On the contrary, systematic review applies explicit structured methodology to observe the study trends quantitatively. Method: We collected meta-data of journal papers using three search keywords: visual search, eye movement, and eye track. The collected information contains an unstructured data set including many natural languages which compose titles and abstracts, while the keyword of the journal paper is the only structured one. Based on the collected terms, seven categories were evaluated by inductive categorization and quantitative analysis from the chronological trend of the research area. Results: Unstructured information contains heavier content on "stimuli" and "condition" categories as compared with structured information. Studies on visual search cover a wide range of cognitive area whereas studies on eye movement and eye track are closely related to the physiological aspect. In addition, experimental studies show an increasing trend as opposed to the theoretical studies. Conclusion: By systematic review, we could quantitatively identify the characteristic of the research keyword which presented specific research topics. We also found out that the structured information was more suitable to observe the aim of the research. Chronological analysis on the structured keyword data showed that studies on "physical eye movement" and "cognitive process" were jointly studied in increasing fashion. Application: While conventional narrative literature reviews were largely dependent on authors' instinct, quantitative approach enabled more objective and macroscopic views. Moreover, the characteristics of information type were specified by comparing unstructured and structured information. Systematic literature review also could be used to support the authors' instinct in narrative literature reviews.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 2008

Objectives : There has been a continued debate regarding the role of eye movements in Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing(EMDR). This study examined the possible autonomic effect of horizontal eye movements after being exposed to fearful stimuli. Methods : Fifty two healthy adult women were randomly allocated to eye movement or eye fixed groups after watching a five minute fear-inducing film clip. ECG was recorded during the resting state, after watching the clip, and the treatment. A spectral power analysis of the heart rate variability was performed. As the variables violated the rule of normal distribution and the number in each group is small the non-parametric test was used. Results : Overall, we did not find the differences between the groups in both time and frequency domains. Some minor differences found were not consistent with results from previous studies. Conclusions : Effect of eye movement on autonomic nervous system during fear desensitization was not supported in this experiment. Further study with other psychophysiological measures is needed to understand the role of eye movements in treatment of traumatic memory.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.211-225
• /
• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 예비교사들이 과학교과서를 학습과정에서의 시선 이동, 교과서에 제시된 화살표에 대한 인지 여부, 그리고 화살표에 의한 시선 행동의 변화 등을 조사하여 분석하는 것이었다. 연구를 위해 시선 이동 추적 장치인 eye-tracker를 이용하였으며, 교사 양성대학에 다니는 예비교사 10명을 선정하여 진행하였다. 연구에 이용된 과학교과서 단원은 지구과학 영역 중 하나인 '날씨와 우리 생활' 단원이었다. 연구결과, 첫째, 예비교사들은 과학교과서를 학습과정에서 그림 보다는 글에 많은 시간을 할애하는 것으로 조사되었다. 둘째, 예비교사들은 과학교과서에 제시된 화살표에 대해 시선을 집중하지 않는 편으로 분석되었다. 셋째, '화살표에 의한 시선 행동 유도'가 일어나기 위해서는 화살표에 대한 충분한 집중이 이루어져야 함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과는 화살표와 같은 과학교과서의 학습 요소에 대한 학습자의 시각적 주의 투여의 중요성을 시사해주며, 더불어 효과적인 학습을 위해 시선 이동 연구 자료를 통한 교과서 내 학습 요소에 대한 시각적 주의 투여를 유도할 수 있는 교과서 편집 디자인 개발이 중요함을 시사해준다.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.425-436
• /
• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to identify static, dynamic balance performances and foot pressure after eye movement exercise in normal adults. Method : This study was performed on normal 18 males and 18 females subjects. They were divided into 3 groups using random sampling and executed saccadic eye movement, vestibuloocular eye movement, pursuit vergence eye movement exercise respectively. In order to compare the difference of balance and foot pressure, the subjects were measured before, middle and after eye movement. Balance was examined using the balance master 7.0 version systems. Foot pressure was examined using the gaitview AFA-50. Result : The result are as follows. 1. After first intervention, the difference of the FORM-EC item on MCTSIB variable in the vestibuloocular group was significantly decreased(p<.05) and after second intervention, the difference of the FIRM-EO(p<.05), FORM-EO(p<.01), FORM-EC(p<.01) items on MCTSIB variable in the saccadic group and FORM-EC(p<.05) item in the vestibuloocular group were significantly decreased respectively. 2. After first intervention, the difference of the EPE, MXE items in the saccadic group(p<.05) and RT(p<.05), EPE(p<.01) items in the pursuit vergence group were significantly decreased respectively after second intervention. 3. After first intervention, the difference of the Static A-P(p<.05), L-R(p<.01) and Dynamic A-P(p<.01), L-R (p<.01) items on foot pressure variable in the saccadic group, Dynamic A-P(p<.01) item in the vestibuloocular group and Static A-P(p<.01), Dynamic A-P(p<.05), L-R(p<.01) items in the pursuit vergence group were significantly decreased respectively. 4. After first intervention, the difference of the FORM-EO(p<.05), FORM-EC(p<.01) items and after second intervention, the difference of the FIRM-EO(p<.01) item on MCTSIB variable among three groups was significantly decreased respectively. Conclusion : Selective eye movement exercise program influences balance control ability and foot pressure of normal adults in positive ways.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.501-512
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences in eye movement pattern shown in classification activities between the gifted and regular students in elementary schools. The subjects for the research consisted of five gifted students in the special education center for the gifted at Seoul National University of Education and five students at D regular elementary schools. SMI (Senso Motoric Instruments)' iView $X^{TM}$ RED 120 Hz was used in order to collect eye movement data. Results were as follows. There were difference patterns between the gifted and the regular student in question identification, attribute observation, and criteria generation process. Gifted students minimized unnecessary cognitive overload and took advantage of cognitive economic efficiency. Regular students have a lot of cognitive burden because they did not grasp the essential information.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 제어로봇시스템학회 2005년도 ICCAS
• /
• pp.202-205
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this work is to identify the characteristic of eye movement for visual training of the elderly. This investigation is to examine the relationship between the head and the eye motor system for the localization of visual target direction in three-dimensional space. All experiments were performed in a soundproof chamber. Twenty-one red LEDs (Light-Emitting Diode, Brightness: 20cd/$m^2$) arrayed in three lines on a half circle-surrounding panel are used. LEDs are horizontally 30 degree apart and vertically 20 degree apart from each other. The condition of stimulation is random and anti-saccade. Physiological parameter such as EOG (Electro-Oculography) was measured by BIOPAC system. We measure the mean latency time, which is the time from the start of visual stimulation to the response of the human body. The result shows that the mean latency time is short in the case of the condition of anti-saccade, the fixed head and a quarter visual stimulation. This finding can be used in developing programs for various visual improvements for the elderly by analyzing the characteristic of eye movement.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.386-397
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find a way to improve the science textbook graph through analyzing teachers' interpretation process with eye movement tracking when they try to read the science textbook graph. Participants in this project were 10 elementary school teachers while bar graphs, line graphs, pie charts in 2007 revision science textbooks were used as materials. SMI (SensoMotoric Instruments)' iView X TM RED 120 Hz was used in order to collect eye movement data. Although subjects paid attention to the title of the graph at first, the consequence of the eye fixation was changed by the composition of the graph in case of the rest of areas. In particular, the flow of visual attention and fixation time were affected by the form and configuration of the graph. The diversity of graph construction caused confusion in interpreting graphs; the manner of presenting title, the difference of background colors, size of characters, the name of X-axis and Y-axis. Out results showed that the conformation of graphs as well as the presentation of each factor should be composed in accordance with the educational purpose for helping users to easier understanding.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한의용생체공학회 1998년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.201-202
• /
• 1998

In this paper we suggested an automated method for detecting and counting rapid eye movement(REM) using EOG during sleep. This method is formulated by two step fuzzy logic. At first step, the velocity and the distance of single channel eye movement are used for the fuzzy input to get the possibility of being REM at each EOG. At second step, the two possibility values of both EOG from the first step and the correlation coefficient of both eye movements are used for the fuzzy logic input, and the output is the final possibility of being Rapid Eye Movement. We applied this algorithm to the normal and narcoleptic sleep data and compared the difference. We found the possibility that the count of REM can be a parameter that has significant physiological meanings.

• 한국안광학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.177-184
• /
• 2012

목적: 본 연구에서는 개인용 컴퓨터로 일정 시간동안 연속적으로 게임을 할 때 안구의 주 운동방향이 조절과 관련된 시기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 안질환 및 조절기능의 이상이 없고 교정시력이 1.0이상이 되는 20대 60명을 대상으로 40분 및 90분 동안 연속적으로 수평방향의 게임과 수직방향의 게임을 각각 시행하도록 한 후 조절력, 조절용이성, 상대조절 및 조절래그 값을 측정하였다. 동일 시간동안 게임을 시행하지 않았을 때를 대조군으로 하여 시기능 값을 비교, 분석하였다. 결과: 게임을 하지 않은 대조군의 조절관련 시기능 검사 값에 비하여 40분 동안의 컴퓨터 게임 후 최대조절력, 조절용이성, 조절래그 및 상대조절은 모두 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 상대조절을 제외하고는 90분으로 컴퓨터 작업시간을 연장하였을 경우 더욱 감소된 값을 나타내었다. 양성상대조절은 90분 동안의 컴퓨터 게임 후 약간 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 한편, 컴퓨터 게임 시 안구의 주 운동 방향에 따른 시기능의 변화는 수직방향으로의 안구운동보다는 주로 수평방향으로의 운동에 의한 조절기능의 감소가 큼을 알 수 있었다. 결론: 컴퓨터 게임을 통한 VDT 작업의 시간이 길어짐에 따라 전반적인 조절기능의 능력이 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, 수직방향보다는 수평방향으로의 안구이동이 VDT 작업 시 조절기능의 변화에 크게 영향을 주므로 VDT 작업 시 수평방향으로의 잦은 안구이동은 안정피로의 주 원인이 될 것으로 생각할 수 있었다.