• 자동차안전학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.45-50
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to verify the criteria of the driver monitoring systems proposed by UNECE ACSF informal working group and the ministry of land, infrastructure, and transport of South Korea using driving behavior data. In order to verify the criteria, we investigated the safety regulations of driver monitoring systems in a conditional autonomous vehicle and found that the driver monitoring measures were related to eye blinks times, head movements, and eye closed duration. Thus, we took two different experimental data including real-world driving and simulator-based drowsy driving behaviors in previous studies. The real-world driving data were used for analyzing blink times and head movement intervals, and the drowsiness data were used for eye closed duration. In the drowsy driving study, 10 drivers drove approximately 37 km of a monotonous highway (about 22 min) twice. The results suggested that the appropriate duration of eyes continuously closed was 4 seconds. The results from real-world driving data were presented in the other paper - part 1.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.181-185
• /
• 2012

Purpose: We investigated balance change in patients with low back pain (LBP) by comparing postural sway velocity between young LBP patients and healthy subjects. Methods: The cross-sectional study enrolled 37 young patients with over 3-month duration of LBP and 38 healthy subjects between the ages of 20 and 30 years old. All subjects were targeted by measuring their balance during quiet standing with open eye and closed eye conditions. The postural sway velocity between the LBP patients and healthy subjects was compared. As well, postural sway velocity was determined in the LBP patients with both eyes open and closed. Results: Significant differences were evident in the anteroposterior and mediolateral mean velocity of center-of-pressure between LBP patients and healthy subjects, and in LBP patients in the eye open and eye closed conditions. Conclusion: The balance of young LBP patients was worse than healthy subjects during quiet standing, and was especially lessened in the absence of vision.

• 자동차안전학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 2021

This study aimed to verify the criteria of the driver monitoring systems proposed by UNECE ACSF informal working group and the ministry of land, infrastructure, and transport of South Korea using driving behavior data. In order to verify the criteria, we investigated the safety regulations of driver monitoring systems in a conditional autonomous vehicle and found that the driver monitoring measures were related to eye blinks times, head movements, and eye closed duration. Thus, we took two different experimental data including real-world driving and simulator-based drowsy driving behaviors in previous studies. The real-world driving data were used for analyzing blink times and head movement intervals, and the drowsiness data were used for eye closed duration. In the real-world driving study, 52 drivers drove approximately 11.0 km of rural road (about 20 min), 7.9 km of urban road (about 25 min), and 20.8 km of highway (about 20 min). The results suggested that the appropriate number of blinks during the last 60 seconds was 4 times, and the head movement interval was 35 seconds. The results from drowsy driving data will be presented in another paper - part 2.

• 한국임상수의학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.221-224
• /
• 2023

A two-year-old spayed female Maltipoo dog was presented with a two-month duration of glaucoma in the right eye. On the first presentation, menace response and dazzle reflex were absent in the right eye, but it was present in the left eye. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed buphthalmia, mild corneal edema, and conjunctival and episcleral hyperemia in the right eye. The intraocular pressures were 70 mmHg and 30 mmHg in the right and left eyes, respectively. On the gonioscopic and high-resolution ultrasound examinations, both the iridocorneal angle and ciliary cleft were completely closed in the right eye. However, gonioscopy revealed an opened iridocorneal angle even with some broader base of pectinate ligament fiber, but high-resolution ultrasound showed a narrowed ciliary cleft and increased contact of the iris base with the limbal cornea in the left eye. Based on these results, a diagnosis of primary angle-closure glaucoma was made in both eyes. This case report highlighted the importance of evaluating the ciliary cleft with high-resolution ultrasound as a critical diagnostic and prognostic role in canine glaucoma.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제14권10호
• /
• pp.463-471
• /
• 2014

본 논문에서는 근적외선 카메라를 이용한 눈의 다양한 특징 분석을 통해 감성을 분류하는 방법에 관한 연구를 진행하였다. 제안하는 방법은 기존의 유사한 연구와 비교했을 때, 감성 분류를 위해 더 많은 눈의 특징을 사용하였고, 각 특징이 모두 유의미한 정보를 포함하고 있음을 검증하였다. 긍정-부정, 각성-이완의 상반된 감성 유발을 위해 청각 자극을 사용함으로써, 눈의 특징에 끼치는 영향을 최소화하였다. 감성 분류를 위한 특징으로써, 동공 크기, 동공 크기 변화율, 깜박임 빈도, 눈을 감은 지속시간을 사용하였으며, 이들은 근적외선 카메라 영상으로부터 자체 개발한 자동화된 처리 방법을 통해 추출된다. 분석 결과, 각성-이완 감성 유발 자극에 대해서는 동공 크기 변화율과 깜박임 빈도 특징이 유의한 차이를 보였다. 또한, 긍정-부정 감성 유발 자극에 대해에서는 눈을 감은 지속시간 특징이 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히 동공 크기 특징은 각성-이완, 긍정-부정의 상반된 감성 자극 유발 상황에서 모두 유의한 차이가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한교통학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.47-55
• /
• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 서로 다른 시력조건하에서 도로명판과 도로표지판에 대한 판독거리와 판독시 안구의 움직임 (응시시간, 응시수)에 대한 측정을 수행하였다. 실험은 실제 도로상황과 유사한 환경을 가진 폐쇄순환도로에서 피실험자가 실제 차량을 운전하면서 실시되었으며, 실험을 위하여 규격에 맞게 제작되어진 도로명판과, 도로 양옆에 위치해 있는 실제 교통표지판 (도로명판, 속도제한 표지판)을 이용하였다. 시력조건은 안경렌즈를 이용하여, 시력이 1.2인 조건과 1.0 그리고 0.8의 조건을 구현하였으며, 각 실험자가 3가지의 시력 조건에 대해 실험을 수행하였다. 시력조건이 1.2 인 경우와 0.8인경우의 판독거리는 유의한 수준의 차이를 보였으며, 응시시간과 응시수는 표지판의 크기가 작은 경우에 시력조건별 차이를 보였다. 본 연구의 결과는 운전에 있어서 시력 교정의 중요성을 보여주었으며, 운전면허 기준시력을 넘는다고 해도 시력의 정도에 따라 판독거리, 그리고 판독시 안구운동의 효율성에서 차이를 보일 수 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.601-607
• /
• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to classify between intentional and natural blinks in vision based eye tracking system. Through implementing the classification method, we expect that the great eye tracking method will be designed which will perform well both navigation and selection interactions. Background: Currently, eye tracking is widely used in order to increase immersion and interest of user by supporting natural user interface. Even though conventional eye tracking system is well focused on navigation interaction by tracking pupil movement, there is no breakthrough selection interaction method. Method: To determine classification threshold between intentional and natural blinks, we performed experiment by capturing eye images including intentional and natural blinks from 12 subjects. By analyzing successive eye images, two features such as eye closed duration and pupil size variation after eye open were collected. Then, the classification threshold was determined by performing SVM(Support Vector Machine) training. Results: Experimental results showed that the average detection accuracy of intentional blinks was 97.4% in wearable eye tracking system environments. Also, the detecting accuracy in non-wearable camera environment was 92.9% on the basis of the above used SVM classifier. Conclusion: By combining two features using SVM, we could implement the accurate selection interaction method in vision based eye tracking system. Application: The results of this research might help to improve efficiency and usability of vision based eye tracking method by supporting reliable selection interaction scheme.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.423-432
• /
• 2012

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate balance changes in young patients with neck pain by comparing postural sway velocity and velocity moment between young patients with neck pain and healthy subjects. METHODS: The cross-sectional study enrolled fifteen young patients with over 3-month duration of the neck pain and twelve healthy subjects between the ages of 20 and 30 years old. All subjects were measured their postural sway velocity and velocity moment during quiet standing with eyes open and eyes closed conditions. We compared the differences of postural sway velocity and velocity moment between neck pain patients and healthy subjects, and between eye open and eye close. RESULTS: Significant differences were evident in the anteroposterior and mediolateral sway velocity, and velocity moment of center-of-pressure (COP) between patients with neck pain and healthy subjects (p<.05), and in patients with neck pain in the eyes open and eyes closed conditions (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the balance of young patients with neck pain was worse than healthy subjects during quiet standing, and was especially lessened in the absence of vision. The finding may inform management program to decrease the balance deficits in young patients with neck pain.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제25권7호
• /
• pp.917-922
• /
• 2021

현대 사회에서는 졸음으로 인한 사망사고와 재산피해 등이 해마다 막대하게 발생하고 있다. 이러한 피해를 줄이는 방법들은 사회 각계각층에서 많이 연구하고 있으며 특히, 자동차에서는 졸음운전 방지에 대한 연구가 활발하다. 본 논문에서는 요로(YOLO : You Only Look Once)를 이용하여 뜬눈과 감은 눈을 학습하는 아두이노 기반의 물총 발사를 수행하는 시스템으로써, 단순히 감은 눈의 지속 시간이 일정 시간을 초과하면 물총을 발사하는 졸음 방지 시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템은 다양한 분야에 적용하여 사용할 수 있지만, 특히, 자동차에 적용 시 비싼 사양을 구매하지 않아도 되고 조금만 신경을 쓰면 아주 저렴한 비용으로도 졸음운전으로 인한 사고를 100% 줄일 수 있다. 또한, 회사별 각기 다른 사양들을 극복한 독립적 시스템이라고 할 수 있다.