• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2004

The author has tested the clinical efficacy and safety of an anti-inflammatory drug in patients with inflammation of the otnrhinolaryngology. Deoxyribonuclease prepared from bovine pancreas destroyed fibers and reduced the viscosity of the exudates. Bromelain is a group of proteolytic enzymes which are known to have an effect on inflammation, swelling, and pain in inflammatory disorders. The mucolytic and anti-inflammatory properties of deoxyribonuclease associated with bromelain in inflammation of otorhinolaryngology were assessed in 67 patients. A standard dose of 3 tablets of deoxyribonuclease bromelain tablet was given for not less than 7 days. In all tile groups of patients considered, the drug showed a considerable therapeutic effectiveness. At the end of 7-28 days treatment, more than $89.6\%$ of treatment was improved. These findings suggest that it could be permitted to use deoxyribonuclease-bromelain tablet in patients with inflammation of the otorhinolaryngology.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.121-123
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• 2001

Gums, resins and gum-resins represent a variety of plant exudates that are highly prized and are extensively used in various industries. The usage of water soluble gums is growing at faster rate as they are excellent suspending agents, dispersants stabilizing agents, emulsifiers and gel forming agents. The gums are made up of carbohydrate polymers, composed of sugar units glycosidically condensed to form large molecules. Resins are non-volatile products, and oxidative products of terpenes or fatty acids, and are of greater commercial importance. They are soluble in water and contrasted with gums, soluble in organic solvents only.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.257-262
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• 1999

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) infection is a contagious disease of domestic ducks, turkey, and various other birds. In a flock of mallard ducklings, about 30% of the birds, 3 weeks old, showed lethergy, greenish diarrhea, tremor of head and neck, and died 2-3 days after signs appeared. Grossly, fibrinous exudates covered the heart and surface of the live. Microscopically, mononuclear cells and heterophils were primarily inflammatory cells in the exudate. These were also observed in the meninges in brain. Microbiologically, gram (-) short rod bipolar shaped bacteria were recovered on blood agar and agglutinated by antisera of R anatipestifer. Sulfamethoxasole/trimethoprim were administered and clinically effective. This case was a R anatipestifer infection caused fibrinous pericarditis, hepatitis and meningitis in mallards.

• Mycobiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.114-119
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• 2006

Biochemical variability among 20 Indian isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum collected from different hosts/soil samples from different localities in India is reported. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of culture filtrate, mycelia, sclerotia and sclerotial exudate showed $15{\sim}23$ peaks but only 11 could be identified. They were tannic, gallic, oxalic, caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, O-coumeric, chlorogenic, cinnamic, salicylic and gentisic acids. The amount of phenolic compounds varied among the culture filtrates, mycelia, sclerotia and sclerotial exudates of S. sclerotiorum.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.274-277
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• 2019

A Miniature Schnauzer presented with bilateral mucopurulent nasal discharge and sneezing. Computed tomography of the skull revealed exudates in the nasal cavity and frontal gyrus. Nasal swab cytology showed features of an epithelial-origin tumor. Histopathologic evaluation of the biopsy specimen revealed irregular proliferation of epithelial cells and necrotized tissue. Positive immunohistochemical staining confirmed the epithelial origin of the cells. The dog was diagnosed with nasal carcinoma and was treated with a chemotherapy protocol of carboplatin and piroxicam. This report confirms the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy only without radiotherapy in a dog with nasal carcinoma and provides a guideline for providing alternative treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.98.2-99
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• 2003

Bacterial canker of sweet cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) was observed in farmers' orchard in Goesan, Chungbuk in 2003. Typical canker symptom occurred on the branches or twigs of sweet cherry in early spring and bacterial exudates oozed out of the cracked barks of diseased trees. Watersoaked brown symptom appeared on the leaves and severe infection caused thorough defoliation on the branches or twigs of sweet cherry. When cut the severely infected branches or twigs, irregular and rusty-colored symptoms in sapwood and heartwood were clearly found, indicating that they could serve as specific symptoms of bacterial canker of sweet cherry. The gram negative, aerobic bacterium isolated from the lesion produced fluorescent pigments on King's B agar medium but did not grow at 37$^{\circ}C$ The bacterium formed Levan-type colonies, and showed negative reactions in oxidase reaction, arginine dihydrolysis test, and pectolytic activity Based on the biochemical and pathological characteristics, the causal organism was identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum. This is the first report on bacterial canker of sweet cherry in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2008

A detailed understanding and appreciation of the important mechanisms operating at the soil:root interface, commonly identified as the rhizosphere, is critical for evaluating the potential for particular plant species to be successfully used as part of a phytoremediation technique. For specific plants, mechanisms may exist to overcome the inherit limitation of the phytoremediation technique when poorly mobile soil metals are of interest. In the present study, the influence of root exudates on the rhizosphere chemistry of soil and consequential metal uptake were investigated following culture of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides), recognized as a promising plant for land stabilization, in three different long-term contaminated soils and one non-contaminated control soil. The soil solution pH increased (0.3-1.1 units) following vetiver grass culture and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) also significantly increased in all soils with the highest increase in PP02 (23 to $173mg\;L^{-1}$). Chemical changes are contributed to root exudation by vetiver grass when exposed to high concentration of heavy metals. Chemical changes, consequently, influenced metal (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) solubility and speciation in the rhizosphere. The highest solubility was observed for soil Ko01 (eg. 2091 and $318{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ for Cd and Pb, respectively). Initial heavy metal solubility in soils varied with soil and either increased or decreased following vetiver grass culture depending on the soil type. An increase in pH following plant culture generally resulted in a decrease in metal solubility, while elevated DOC due to root exudation resulted in an increase in metal solubility via the formation of metal-DOC complexes. Donnan speciation demonstrated a significant decrease in free Cd and Zn in the rhizosphere and the concentration of Cd, Pb, and Zn in vetiver grass shoot was highly correlated with soluble concentration rather than total soil metal concentration.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2015

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) mushrooms play a major role in plant growth promotion through symbiotic association with roots of forest trees. They also provide an economically important food resource to us and therefore they have been studied for their artificial cultivation for decades in Korea. We have secured bio-resources of ECM mushrooms from Korean forests and performed their physiological studies. To investigate the cultural characteristics, the fungi were cultured under different conditions (medium, temperature, pH of the medium, inorganic nitrogen source). More than 90% of total 160 strains grew on three solid media (potato dextrose agar, PDA; sabouraud dextrose agar, SDA; modified Melin-Norkrans medium, MMN). The rate of mycelial growth on malt extract agar (MEA) was lower than those of three media (PDA, SDA, MMN). None of the Tricholomataceae strains grew on MEA. Many strains of ECM mushrooms were able to grow at the temperature range of $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ on PDA, while they showed poor growth at $10^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$. In particular, the growth rates of both Gomphaceae and Tricholomataceae were significantly lower at $10^{\circ}C$ than at $30^{\circ}C$. The optimal pH of many strains was pH 5.0 when they cultured in potato dextrose broth (PDB). Fifty-seven percent of tested strains grew well on medium containing ammonium source than nitrate source. Many strains of Tricholomataceae showed a notable growth on ammonium medium than nitrate medium. Twenty-three percent of strains preferred nitrate source than ammonium source for their mycelial growth. The production and activity of two enzymes (cellulase and laccase) by ECM fungi were also assayed on the enzyme screening media containing CMC or ABTS. Each strains exhibited different levels of enzymatic activities as well as enzyme production. The number of laccase-producing strains was less than that of cellulase-producing strains. We found that 77% of tested strains produced both cellulase and laccase, whereas 2% of strains did not produce any enzymes. The morphological characteristics of mycelial colony were also examined on four different solid media. Yellow was a dominant color in mycelial colony and followed by white and brown on all culture media. ECM mushrooms formed mycelial colonies with a single or multiple colors within a culture medium depending on the strains and culture media. The most common shape of mycelial colony was a circular form on all media tested. Other families except for Amanitaceae formed an irregular colony on MMN than PDA. All strains of Tricholomataceae did not form a filamentous colony on all media. The pigmentation of culture media by mycelial colonies was observed in more than 50% of strains tested on both PDA and SDA. The degree of pigmentation on PDA or SDA was higher than MMN and brown color was dominant than yellow color. The production of exudates from mycelial colony was higher on PDA than MMN. Brown exudates were mainly produced by many strains on PDA or SDA, whereas transparent exudates were mainly produced by strains on MMN. We observed the mycelial colonies with a single or multiple textures in just one culture plate. Wrinkled or uneven colony surfaces were remarkably observed in many strains on PDA or SDA, while an even colony surface was observed in many strains on MMN. Sixty percent of Tricholomaceae strains formed wrinkled surface on PDA. However, they did not form any wrinkle on MMN plate. Cottony texture was observed in mycelia colonies of many strains. Velvety texture was often observed in the mycelial colonies on SDA than PDA and accounted for 60% of Suillaceae strains on SDA.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.221-227
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• 1996

Background : Measurement of pleural fluid constituents are of value in the diagnosis of pleural effusions and in the seperation of exudates from transudates. The position of the patient(sitting or lying) prior to thoracentesis may result in difference in the measurement of these constituents. The purpose of this study is to determine whether postural differences in pleural fluid constituents exist, and if so, whether they are of any clinical significance. Method : 41 patients with pleural effusions on chest roentgenography were prospectively studied. The fluid cell counts, partial gas tension, and concentrations of chemical constituents were compared in the supine and upright positions. Results : 1) A total of 10 patients were found to have an transudative effusion. In the transudates there was no significant difference in pleural fluid constituents according to posture change. 2) A total of 31 patients were found to have an exudative effusion. Statistically significant postural changes were noted in pH, WBC counts, protein, and LDH concentrations in the exudates. It may be due to postural sedimentary effect in the pleural space. 3) The PCO2 measurements and glucose concentration were not affected by changes in position in exudates or transudates. Conclusion : Postural sedimentary effect occurs in the pleural space with reference to the measurement of certain pleural fluid constituents when an inflammatory process is present. Therefore it is recommended that thoracentesis after 30 minutes in the sitting position should be performed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.523-526
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• 2005

Purpose : Hypoalbuminemia is a rare cause of pleural effusion. The relationship between the severity of hypoalbuminemia and the clinical course of pleural effusion is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change of clinical course according to the severity of hypoalbuminemia due to pleural effusion in children. Methods : A total of 96 patients admitted to Pusan National University Hospital with pleural effusion from August 1998 to August 2004 were studied retrospectively. The 79 patients who had only infectious causes were evaluated according to their albumin levels. They were divided into the two groups : group 1 had serum albumin levels of ${\leq}2.5g/dL$; group 2 : >2.5 g/dL. The clinical courses of each group were compared. Results : The nature of pleural effusion was transudates in seven cases and exudates in 89 cases. The most commom causes of transudates were renal failure(four cases) and the most common causes of exudates were parapneumonic effusion(58 cases). There was no statistical significance in mean ages, BUN, creatinine, potassium, bilirubin and WBC in each group. Four patient in group 1 and 26 patients in group 2 improved after medication of antibiotics or anti-tuberculosis agents only. Fourteen patients in group 1 and 26 patients in group 2 improved after thoracostomy with use of antibiotics. Eight patients in group 1 and one patient in group 2 had ventilator care with use of antibiotics therapy. Conclusion : Children who were diagnosed as pleural effusion with low serum albumin levels on admission had poorer prognoses than those with normal levels. We conclude that lower serum albumin level on admission is an important prognosis factor in a patient with pleural effusion.