• Title/Summary/Keyword: Extrusion Temperature

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Effects on Quality Characteristics of Extruded Meat Analog by Addition of Tuna Sawdust (참치 톱밥의 첨가가 압출성형 인조육의 품질 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Sung Young;Ryu, Gi-Hyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.465-472
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    • 2017
  • In this study, tuna sawdust was added to extruded meat analog in order to develop a meat analog with high quality. Addition of tuna sawdust has merit for utilizing a byproduct from poultry processing. Physicochemical characteristics were examined through the extrusion cooking process. The basic mixture of sample mixed with 65% deffated soy flour 25% isolated soy protein, and 10% corn starch was setup as the raw material. Three kinds of samples were made in total by addition of 15% and 30% tuna sawdust to this mixture. The extrusion process had a screw speed of 250 rpm, die temperature of $140^{\circ}C$, and moisture content of 50%. As addition of tuna sawdust increased, breaking strength and density decreased, specific length increased, and integrity and water holding capacity decreased. Likewise, nitrogen solubility index and protein digestibility decreased as addition of tuna sawdust increased. DPPH radical scavenging activity increased as addition of tuna sawdust addition, whereas it decreased as storage period increased to 30 or 60 days. The value of rancidity decreased as addition of tuna sawdust increased. However, 60 days later, radical scavenging activity increased more or less, and a significant difference was detected 150 days later. In conclusion, addition of tuna sawdust increased soft texture, and nutrition of the basic mixture sample. The process promoting functionality such as improvement of antioxidant function was confirmed through this study.

Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Extruded Rice Flour with Various Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) Bean Content (카카오 빈 함량에 따른 쌀 압출성형물의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성)

  • Park, Ju-Yeon;Kim, Young-Ho;Ryu, Gi-Hyung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.46 no.11
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    • pp.1327-1335
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    • 2017
  • This study was carried out to determine the effect of cacao bean addition on the physicochemical properties of extruded rice flour. Rice-based cacao beans (0, 20, 40, 60%) were extruded at a die temperature of $130^{\circ}C$, screw speed of 200 rpm, and moisture content of 25%. As the content of cacao beans increased from 20% to 60%, expansion index decreased, while piece density and specific length increased. The water soluble index and water absorption index of the extrudate increased through extrusion cooking. Lightness decreased as cacao bean content increased while redness increased. As the content of cacao beans increased, paste viscosity decreased. Cold peak viscosity was observed in all extrudates of raw roasted cacao beans. ${\alpha},{\alpha}$-Diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity increased upon extrusion and cacao bean addition. As content of cacao beans increased, non-roasted cacao beans had higher total phenolic contents than roasted cacao beans. This study showed that addition of cacao beans to extruded rice snack improved antioxidant activity.

Quality properties of texturized vegetable protein made from defatted soybean flour with different soybean seed coat contents (대두껍질 함량에 따른 탈지대두분말 식물조직단백의 품질 특성)

  • Chan Soon Park;Mi Sook Seo;Sun Young Jung;Seul Lee;Boram Park;Shin Young Park;Yong Suk Kim
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.896-904
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    • 2023
  • The texturization characteristics of textured vegetable protein (TVP) were investigated based on the extent of soybean decoating during the pretreatment of defatted soybean flour used for TVP. The raw materials for TVP consisted of 50% defatted soybean flour, 30% gluten, and 20% corn starch. The weight ratios of soybean seed coat to soybean flour were 9%, 6%, 3%, and zero. Extrusion was performed using an extruder equipped with a cooling die, maintaining a barrel temperature of 190℃ and screw speed of 250 rpm, Water was injected at a rate of 9 rpm using a metering pump. Regarding the textures of the extruded TVPs produced from defatted soybean flour, an increase in the soybean seed coat content led to a decrease in the apparent fibrous structural layer and an increase in hardness. However, there were no significant changes in elasticity and cohesion. Moreover, as the soybean seed coat content increased, the pH of TVPs decreased. A higher soybean seed coat content also tended to lower the moisture content, increasing water absorption, solids elution, and turbidity. These results suggest that an increased seed coat content reduces the proportion of protein, and the fibers present in the seed coats prevent texturization.

Characteristics of Gwanbuk-ri remains, Buyeo, inferred from the analysis of iron artifacts from District "Na" (부여 관북리 유적 "나" 지구 출토 제철유물의 분석을 통한 제철유적의 성격 추론)

  • Hong, Ju-Hyun;Han, Song-I;Kim, So-Jin;Han, Woo-Rim;Jo, Nam-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.4-17
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    • 2017
  • In this research, the chemical composition of the iron artifacts from the late 6th-century to early 7thcentury Baekje remains in Gwanbuk-ri, Buyeo, specifically of the nine iron artifacts including slags, furnace walls and ingot iron excavated in the District "Na", were examined by observing their chemical compounds and microstructures. As a result, GB1 and GB6 were determined to be proto-reduction lumps whereas GB2, GB3, GB4 and GB5 were determined to be tempered slags, respectively. Also, he furnace wall GB7 were containing mullite and cristobalite, which are high temperature index minerals, The extrusion temperature was found out to be about $1200{\sim}1300^{\circ}C$, and it is most likely that the smelting temperature in the furnace was in that temperature range. GB8 ingot iron was determined to be a forged ironware. This ingot iron was an intermediary product for making ironware and its nonmetallic inclusions displayed similar microstructure and contents compared to the forged iron. Because of the existence of proto-reduction lumps and forged iron, the iron making facility located in District "Na" most likely had a small-scale iron making facility that handled iron bloom smelting and refining processes.

Optimization of KOH pretreatment conditions from Miscanthus using high temperature and extrusion system (고온 압출식 반응시스템을 이용한 억새 바이오매스의 KOH 전처리조건 최적화)

  • Cha, Young-Lok;Park, Sung-Min;Moon, Youn-Ho;Kim, Kwang-Soo;Lee, Ji-Eun;Kwon, Da-Eun;Kang, Yong-Gu
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.1243-1252
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    • 2019
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimum conditions of biomass pretreatment with potassium hydroxide (KOH) for efficient utilization of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from Miscanthus. The optimization of variables was performed by response surface methodology (RSM). The variation ranges of the parameters for the RSM were potassium hydroxide 0.2~0.8 M, reaction temperature 110~190℃ and reaction time 10~90 min. The optimum conditions of alkali pretreatment from Miscanthus were determined as follows: concentration of KOH 0.47 M, reaction temperature 134℃ and reaction time 65 min. At the optimum conditions, the yield of cellulose from the solid fraction after pretreatment was predicted to be 95% by model prediction. Finally, 66.1 ± 1.1% of cellulose were obtained by verification experiment under the optimum conditions. The order contents of solid extraction were hemicellulose 26.4 ± 0.4%, lignin 3.7 ± 0.1% and ash 0.5 ± 0.04%. The yield of ethanol concentration of 96% was obtained using separated saccharification and fermentation.

A Study on the Characterization of Anthracite Fly Ash for the Fabrication of Calcinated Brick (소성블릭 제조를 위한 무연탄 석탄회의 특성 연구)

  • Yu Yeon-Tae;Kim Byoung-Gyu;Choi Young-Yoon;Nam Chul-Woo;Lee Yeng-Seok;Kim Cheon-Sun
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.16-23
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    • 2004
  • To increase the recycling rate of anthracite fly ash, the properties of anthracite fly ash were compared to that of bituminous fly ash. Especially, the high temperature properties of the fly ash are investigated by using thermal analysis, high temperature microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis for utilizing anthracite fly ash to prepare the calcinated bricks. The average ratio of $A1_2$$O_3$/$SiO_2$ for anthracite is 0.62 and the ratio for bituminous is 0.34. The content of $SiO_2$ in anthracite fly ash was higher than that of bituminous fly ash. The $A1_2$$O_3$ of anthracite fly ash reacted with the $A1_2$$O_3$ in the fly ash and formed new mullite crystal at over $1000^{\circ}C$, so anthracite fly ash showed high fire resistance. And, the fly ash mixtures having kaolin were prepared, and then extruded in vacuum to evaluate the extruding property of anthracite fly ash mixture. The extruding velocity was decrease with increasing the addition amount of fly ash in the mixture, and the maximum addition amount of fly ash that could be extruded was 60 wt%.

Low incubation temperature successfully supports the in vitro bovine oocyte maturation and subsequent development of embryos

  • Sen, Ugur;Kuran, Mehmet
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.827-834
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    • 2018
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of $36.5^{\circ}C$ and $38.5^{\circ}C$ incubation temperatures on the maturation of bovine oocytes and developmental competence of embryos. Methods: In experiment 1, oocytes were maturated in bicarbonate-buffered TCM-199 for 22 hours in a humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ in the air at either $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $38.5^{\circ}C$ and nuclear maturation status were determined. In experiment 2, in vitro fertilized oocytes were allocated randomly into synthetic oviductal fluid medium with or without a mixture of 1 mM L-glutathione reduced and 1,500 IU superoxide dismutase and cultured in a humidified atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$, 5% $O_2$, and 90% $N_2$ in the air at $38.5^{\circ}C$ for 8 days. Results: There were no significant differences between incubation temperatures in terms of oocyte maturation parameters such as cumulus expansion, first polar body extrusion and nuclear maturation. Incubation temperatures during in vitro maturation had no effects on developmental competence of embryos, but supplementation of antioxidants increased (p<0.05) developmental competence of the embryos. Blastocysts from oocytes matured at $38.5^{\circ}C$ had comparatively higher inner cell mass, but low overall and trophectoderm cell numbers (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of present study showed that maturation of bovine oocytes at $36.5^{\circ}C$ may provide a suitable thermal environment for nuclear maturation and subsequent embryo development.

A Study on the Compatibility of Polycarbonate/Polyamide 6 Blends (Polycarbonate/Polyamide 6 블랜드의 상용성에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Tae-Wook;Lee, Chi-Giu;Haw, Jung-Rim
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.601-615
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    • 1993
  • A series of polycarbonate(PC)/polyamide 6(PA6) blends were prepared by three different blending methods to investigate their compatibility. From the DSC results, all of these blends have two Tg's in their own Tg regions, and there was no significant depression of the melting point and the crystallization temperature of PA6. With respect to the microstructure of the blends by SEM, the phase separation occurred at very low blend compositions, PC/PA6=95/5 and 5/95, already. In addition, a method is proposed to determine the Flory-Huggins polymer-polymer interaction parameter(${\chi}_{12}$) in polymer blend systems by using the experimentally determined Tg's. The values of ${\chi}_{12}$ obtained were 0.0381, 0.0411, 0.0418, for solution casting, solution precipitation, and extrusion blending methods, respectively. These values were higher than the critical value of ${\chi}_{12}$,($({\chi}_{12})_c$, 0.0271). Therefore it was concluded that the PC/PA6 blend system have little compatibility.

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Microstructure Control, Forming Technologies of Mg Alloys and Mg Scrap Recycling (마그네슘합금의 조직제어(組織制御)와 성형가공(成形加工) 및 스크랩 리싸이클링 기술(技術))

  • Shim, Jae-Dong;Lee, Dong-Hui
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.69-79
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    • 2011
  • Recently, magnesium alloys are in the spotlight as a promising materials in the fields of automobile parts and electronic appliances due to their merits representing light weight, high specific strength, damping property, shielding of electromagnetic wave and so on. However, magnesium alloys show a poor formability at room temperature because magnesium has HCP crystal structure with limited slip planes and strong basal texture is formed during plastic deformation process such as rolling and extrusion. Therefore, many R&D efforts have been paid for improvement of formability through grain refinement, texture control and various forming technologies. This paper is giving an overview about recent achievements on control of microstructures, forming technologies and magnesium scrap recycling.

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Al 7050 Billet and Ring Forged One with Large Scale

  • Bae, Dong-Su;Joo, Kyung-Hwan;Lee, Jin-Kyung;Lee, Sang-Pill;Chang, Chang-Beom;Hong, Sung-Seop;Park, Tae-Won
    • Journal of Power System Engineering
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.40-45
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    • 2016
  • The manufacturing process of large scaled Al 7050 alloy is difficult for the occurrence of solidification crack during casting. The aims of this study are the evaluations of microstructure and mechanical properties of extruded Al 7050 billet and ring forged one with large scale. Large scaled Al 7050 billet was casted by direct-chill casting process. The extruded and ring forged specimens were prepared from the casted ingot after residual stress relief and homogenization heat treatment, respectively. Microstructures, hardness and tensile test of the surface, middle and center part of each specimen were performed at room temperature. Sheared and elongated type grains were observed at the edge parts of surface and center area and its aspect ratios of grains were low and similar as 0.21 while that of middle area was closed to 0.92 value in ring forged Al 7050 alloy. The mechanical properties of extruded Al 7050 alloy were superior than those of ring forged one. The hardness values of surface and center part were slightly higher than that of middle part in ring forged Al 7050 alloy.