• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.899-904
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• 2004

The objectives of the experiment were to examine the effects of extrusion process variables on the yield of extruded ginseng extract and to determine the effect of ratio of extruded ginseng extract and microcrystalline cellulose on characteristics of spheronized granules by cold extrusion-spheronization process. Extrusion process variables observed were feed moisture (15, 22, 29%), die temperature (90 110 13$0^{\circ}C$) and screw speed (150 200, 250 rpm). The results showed that moisture content of dried ginseng significantly affected extraction yield (P<0.05). The less moisture content of the feed resulted in the higher yield of the extract. Moisture content of 15%, screw speed of 250 rpm and die temperature of 13$0^{\circ}C$ gave the highest yield of ginseng extract. Mean extraction yield of extruded ginseng using hot water extraction was greatly improved by extrusion process The extract yield of extruded ginseng was 43.5% which was higher than that of red ginseng (38.3%) and white ginseng (29.0%) produced by traditional process. It was possible to make from the mixture of microcrystalline cellulose (200 g) mixed with different concentration of 200 mL solution (0, 5, 20, 30 40 50 60% of ginseng extract with 59.2% dry solid) by using cold extrusion spheronization. When the concentration of ginseng extract Increased, the granulation yield was improved but friability and compression index were reduced. Ginseng extract such as saponin was completely released from spheronized granules in distilled water within 10 min. It can be concluded that spheroniged granule with ginseng extract could be packed in gelatin capsule since granules Possessed proper physical properties and quick release of saponin.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.spc
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• pp.103-112
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• 2010

Pellets, which are multiple-unit dosage systems, have the several therapeutic advantages over single-unit dosage systems in oral drug delivery. This review focuses on the current status and explores extrusion-spheronization technique with special attention to controlled-release application of pellets including coated pellets for delayed release formulations, coated pellets for colon delivery, coated pellets for sustained drug delivery, sustained-release matrix pellets, pellets compressed into tablets, bioadhesive pellets, floating pellets, and pelletization with solubilization techniques.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.236-242
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• 1974

Extrusion-spheronization processing combination was used to produce spherical granules with experimental formulations which contain microcrystalline cellulose as a diluent. The produced granules were compared on the basis of the following physical properties ; (a) bulk density, (e) porosity, (f) friabillity and (g) dissolution rate. With the specific experimental formulations used in this study, the increased plate rotational speeds of Marumerizer (400-1200rpm) produced continually more spherical material and also the obtained data indicated that the particle size distribution and dissolution rate depend upon the amount of microcrystalline cellulose used. As a result, the spherical granule preparation with microcrystalline cellulose has good properties in flow rate, packing propertyu and friability and offers a suitable method of granule preparation in pharmaceutical industry.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.619-625
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• 2005

Beads loaded with the water-soluble drug, phenylpropanolamine HCl (PPA), were prepared using an extruder and double arm counter-rotating roller modified from a traditional pill machine. The mean diameter of the cylindrical rod-like extrudate from the ram extruder was 3 mm; that of the uncoated bead after cutting and spheronization by the modified double arm counter-rotating roller was 3.26~3.28 mm. Although the surface of the beads was moderately rough and irregular, some exhibited hump-shaped protrusions, the sphericity was acceptable (roundness 1.15) and adequate for the subsequent coating process. An increase in mean diameter of the coated beads and improvements in friability and sphericity were observed in proportion to the amount of coating material applied (ethylcellulose or Eudragit？？ RS 100). It was also found that the release rate of PPA from the coated beads could be controlled by the amount and type of coating materials applied or with the incorporation of Eudragit ？？ RS 100 into the core matrix. Further modifications to the double arm counter-rotating roller, including adjustment of the rotation speed and distance between the rollers, would yield smaller uncoated beads with improved roundness and surface roughness. In conclusion , the present method could be potentially applied to prepare controlled release drug delivery beads or pellet dosage forms.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1975

Extrusion-Spheronization Processing (ESP) was applied to preparate sustained release spherical particles as a form of matrix spherical particle (MSP). dl-methylephedrine HCI (ME) was the drug chosen and several dissolution retardants and binders were selected to estimate a relatively good formulation on this purpose. The effect of physicochemical nature, concentration, and solvents of these dissolution retardants and binders on regularity in shape of MSP and in vitro release rate was investigated. The effect of Particle size of matrix particles was also evaluated. It is, therefore, concluded that this ESP would be a relatively good preparation method of sustained release MSP of ME which has the sustained action of about 5 and 8 hours by formulating of ethylcellulose and ethylcellulose-paraffin as a dissolution retardant, respectively, and then ethylcellulose solution of 80% EtOH is recommended as a binder.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2002

In order to evaluate the effect of poloxamer 407 content on the dissolution profiles of pellets, diltiazem HCl (DTL) core pellets were prepared with poloxamer 407 (50-90% w/w, with lactose as filler) using an extruder and a spheronizer. Any possible interaction between the drug and excipients was evaluated using DSC, IR and TLC. Dissolution tests were performed using USP basket method. In addition, scanning electron micrograph was performed to examine the surface roughness and cross sections. The release of DTL from the core pellets was decreased with increasing poloxamer 407 content. Cracks appeared on the surface of the core pellets with increasing the poloxamer 407 content, which may play a role on the retardation of the release of DTL from core pellets. There was no any significant interaction between the drug and excipients employed to prepare the core pellets.