• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.202-209
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• 2015

Many of the natural dyes used for natural dyeing are difficult to maintain colorfastness due to their complex structure and specific properties. Therefore, there is a need for developing of color sustainable ability for use as an advanced coloring agent for fabrics, which would eco benign or not. In this study, the natural dye extracted from the waste of grape fruits was used to dye cotton fabric. Thus, the present study aims at extraction of color from grape seeds, skin, and stem through fermentation and then employing the same in dyeing and mordanting of cotton. Dyeing experiments were done under different conditions of fermentation and protein type mordants which were treated before and after dyeing. Experimental fabrics were used with cotton after scouring. Color value of dyed fabrics and color fastness of cotton dyed fabrics to washing and light were measured. The fastness of dyed experimental fabrics was increased by mordanting of protein fermentation and the color of dyed cotton was light red purple. The color of dyed fabric found with the optimum mordant treatment when treated with pre milk-mordant at $40^{\circ}C$ for 30min and 3% grape seed extract. On the whole, reddish tone very slightly increased with the milk pre-mordant. The color fastness of dyed cotton fabrics to light and washing was increased after fermentation.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1301-1307
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• 2002

This paper surveys the mordanting and dyeing properties of Rubia akane Nakai appropriate extraction, dyeing and mordanting conditions of Rubia akane Nakai were determined, and the effect of mordanting method on dye uptake and color fastness of the dyed fabric was investigated. The optimum temperature to extract Rubia akane Nakai was during 1 hour in 8$0^{\circ}C$. The effective dyeing temperature and time of silk were 8$0^{\circ}C$, 1hour. The silk fabrics dyed with purpurin appeared red color, with alizarine appeared yellow-brown and with Rubia akane Nakai appeared yellow orange. K/S value of the dyeing fabrics was increased by pre-mordanting treatment. Mordant as Sn and Fe was better than anything else in K/S value. Mordanting treatment method affected color change of the dyed silk. In the case of Rubia akane Ntkai light fastness was increased by Fe and Al mordant treatment, Perspiration fastness of Rubia akane Nakai appeared more than 3 grades geneally. Fastness of abrasion and dry-cleaning appeared mon than 4～5 grades and these fastness improvement were generally effective for post-mordanting treatment.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.290-298
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• 2011

Natural Omija belongs to magnoliaceae was known to possess natural odor, taste, color, and various pharmaceutical & chemical characteristics. Omija extraction was extracted using ethanol as a solvent. Omija extract showed a light red-violet color of viscous liquid state. Some conclusions from the result of characteristic experiment were obtained as follows. From the result of antimicrobial experiment, occurrence of staphylococuss aureus and aspergillus niger as microbes was decreased according to the passage of time. This phenomenon could know that Omija component is affected to antimicrobial effect. From the result of dye experiment, fiber dyeing showed with some ivory color after dyed to cotton and silk. This phenomenon could know that Omija component is affected to dyeing effect from observation of scanning electron microscope(SEM). From the result of instrument analysis, inorganic components of K(107.30ppm), Na(2.110ppm), Ca(0.935ppm), Mg(0.891ppm), Li(0.270ppm) etcs from Omija were detected with ICP/OES, and aromatic components of benzene(10.808), a-pinene(13.996), phenol(14.183), ${\beta}$-terpene(15.840), a-terpinolene(17.616) etcs from Omija were also detected with GC/MSD.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2012

In this work, colorants extraction process from gromwell was studied for making powder form of colorants by solving the high viscosity problem of gromwell extracts. In order to do that, sugar extracted together with colorants must be pre-extracted. For sugar decomposition, gromwell roots were pretreated with various enzyme solutions. The total sugar content of pre-extract with enzyme solution was measured. Accordingly, the effects of enzyme type and pretreatment condition on sugar decomposition were investigated to find appropriate enzyme(amylase, hemicellulase, pectinase) and enzyme activity (100~1000unit), pre-extracted time(3~24hr). Color characteristics and dye uptake of dyed fabrics were evaluated. Gromwell colorants were assessed for their potential antimicrobial activities, which possibly expand their end use as functional pigments. The efficiency of removing sugar was increased in the order of hemicellulase, pectinase, amylase, $H_2O$. Gromwell colorants powder yield was in the range of 4.4% to 9.8% depending on pretreatment enzyme. Gromwell colorants produced RP color on the silk and wool fabrics with good dye uptake. Antimicrobial activity of gromwell colorants will greatly increase its potentiality for applying as functional natural colorants in the future.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2010

Natural dyeing of Sangju silk for graveclothes with mulberry extract solution was studied. The anthocyanidin dye in the extracted mulberry solution was markedly influenced by pH condition, which resulted in the changed maximum light absorption from a $\lambda$max of 525nm in acidic condition to 380nm in alkaline condition possibly due to the irreversible transformation of anthocyanidin to cyanidin form of the dye. The color fastness properties to both light and washing were good when the fabrics were dyed at $80^{\circ}C$ with the mulberry-extracted solution upto twice extraction.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2020

The analysis method of relative adsorption of disperse dyes on impregnated polyurethane resin and polyester fiber separately was investigated. The solvents for extracting the dyes from polyurethane resin and polyester fiber were determined by acetone and DMF, respectively. By extracting the dyed fibers with acetone at room temperature within 30 minutes, the dyes adsorbed only on the polyurethane resin could be extracted. And then by additional extracting the same fabrics with DMF at 95℃ for longer than 1 hour, the dyes adsorbed on polyester fabrics was extracted. This means that the dyes adsorbed on polyurethane and polyester could be extracted separately and that relative adsorption of the dyes on the both components could be analyzed quantitatively. Using this analysis method, the relative adsorption of a disperse dye was investigated after reduction clearing with various conditions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1981

Crocin was extracted from Gardenia fructus in order to manufacture a natural food dye. In the extraction and purification process methanol and ethanol were used as the most Suitable solvent selected in preliminary test and 9.28%g/100g of Cretin product in 99.89% of purity was acquired. The lethal dose of Cretin administered in mouse by intra peridoneal was 5.36g/kg which is much lower toxic than any other. The toxic dose which caused diarrhoea in rat was 2.55g/kg and maximum no effect level was found to be 272mg/kg. From the $1%{\sim}2.5%$ content of Crocin in rat diet reduction of body weight appeared and GTP and GOT (Transaminase) value in creased significantly. Crocin showed a good properties of tolerating acid, alkali, sunlight, reductant, oxidant, and salt compared with tar dyes. The range from 100 ppm to 500ppm bring out bright $yellow{\sim}orange$ color, the most effective color, with a good solubility in water-slightly in oil. The acceptable daily intake of crocin was calculated as 2.72mg/kg based on maximum no effect dose (2% additive dose).

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.844-851
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• 2021

Due to the increase in consumers' interest about well-being, interest in eco-friendly products has been increasing due to the harmful effects of various harmful substances contained in textile products and environmental issues. As a result, natural dyes of less potential risk than synthetic dyes and digital textile printing(DTP) textile products with less environmental pollution are drawing attention. However, due to the lack of evaluation criteria for DTP textile products with natural ink and the nature of many colors are stacked layer by layer for dying, the need for simultaneous analysis is emerging. To evaluate whether the natural dye is derived from natural ingredients, the biocarbon content is analyzed. However, in the case of ink made using natural dyes and DTP textile products using natural ink, it is difficult to analyze the biocarbon content due to the limitation of the presence of a small amount of dye contained therein. In this study, we were shown the possibility of natural derived verification by cross-checking the analytes of natural dyes (Persicaria tinctoria, an indigo dye; Dactylopius coccus, a light red; and Curcum longa L., i.e., turmeric) and natural ink with HPLC-MS/MS. The coefficient of determination was 0.999 or higher, the limit of quantification was 0.647-3.664 ㎍/L and a %RSD of each indicator material was less than 10. Then, the extraction amount of natural dyes for five patterned fabrics was analyzed.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1129-1140
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• 2009

The pine needles has been used as medicines and it is using as dyeing as well as food. It is distributed through 50% in Korean forest. The pine needles is related to antimicrobial activity, however, dyeing properties of the extract components and effects of them are not well known yet. To examine dyeing properties of the pine needles extract, various fabrics(nylon, silk, wool, and soybean) were dyed under different dyeing conditions, and mordanted with one of five mordants(Al, Sn, Fe, Cr, and Cu). Dye uptake, Colors and Colorfastness of the dyed fabrics were measured. By the K/S values, dye uptake of all the dyed fabrics enhanced as increasing dyeing temperature and dyeing time. The highest K/S values were obtained from the protein fiber(wool and silk) fabrics dyed with water extract at $100^{\circ}C$, and with ethanol extract at $90^{\circ}C$ for 80 minutes. Colors of the dyed fabrics showed variety of yellow, brown and green colors. Colors changed by using Cu, Fe and Cr mordants: Cr-mordanted fabrics into light green, Fe-mordanted fabrics into reddish brown, and Cu-mordanted fabrics into deep green in ethanol extraction. Dry-cleaning fastness of the dyed fabrics presented good to excellent except wool fabrics dyed with ethanol extract. Washing fastness of the dyed nylon and soybean fabrics were good to excellent but wool and silk fabrics showed average grades. Most dyed fabrics were poor to light fastness.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2019

One of the real issues of the recent years is water contamination because of harmful synthetic dyes. Liquid Membranes (LM) resemble a promising alternative to the current separation processes, demonstrating various points of interest as far as effectiveness, selectivity, and operational expenses. The improvement of various Liquid Membranes designs has been a matter of examination by few researchers, particularly for the expulsion of dyes from aqueous solutions. The choice of organic surfactants plays an essential role in the efficiency of the dye removal. In LM design, the most significant step towards productivity is the decision of the surfactant type and its concentration. Liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) was used to remove safranin from aqueous solutions in which the emulsion was made with the help of D2EHPA as carrier, kerosene was used as a diluent and Span 80 (Sorbiton monooleate) was used as an emulsifying agent or surfactant. Various sorts of internal stages were utilized, to be specific sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide. The impact of parameters influencing extraction efficiency such as pH of feed solution, concentrations of surfactant and emulsifying agent in membrane phase, volume ratio of internal phase to membrane phase, internal phase concentration, agitation speed and time of extraction were analyzed.