• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.49-59
• /
• 2001

Natural red and yellow dyestuff was extracted from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linnaeus) by a new process of cellulase extraction compared with the conventional hot water extraction. Dyestuffs were extracted from safflower easily and repeatedly by means of cellulose as safflower cell wall destroyer. It means that new dyestuff extraction by cellulase improves not only yields of dyestuff from safflower successfully but also the rate of repetition of extraction. From the above experiments, the conclusions of this study were summarized as follows. 1. The optimum conditions of dyestuff extraction from safflower by general extraction method were that the solvent was the water of pH 6.0 on yellow dyestuff and 3% $K_2CO_3$ solution on red dyestuff, extraction temperature was $55^{\circ}C$, and extraction time was 30 min. 2. Among various cellulase, the NOVO cellulase was the best cell wall destroyer of safflower and finally produced the largest amount of dyestuff from safflower by cellulase extraction method. 3. The optimum conditions of dyestuff extraction by cellulase extraction method were conducted on 10 unit of cellulase per gram of safflower at $100m{\ell}$ water of pH 5.0 at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 min.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.166-172
• /
• 2013

Caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) are major constituents of green tea, the leaves of Camellia sinensis (Theaceae). Although EGCG is well known for diverse beneficial effect, caffeine is sometimes harmful with adverse effects. Therefore, the extraction efficiency was investigated using different extraction method such as extraction solvent, extraction time, extraction method, and repeated extraction. The content of EGCG and caffeine in green tea extract was quantitated by HPLC analysis. The extraction condition exerted difference on the extraction yield. The content of EGCG was also affected by different extraction condition. Especially, the extraction solvent greatly affected the content of EGCG in the extract. However, the content of caffeine was less affected compared to that of EGCG. The inhibitory effect of green tea extract on pancreatic lipase was almost similar regardless of extraction condition. Taken together, optimization of extraction condition will provide best efficacy for further development of green tea as anti-obesity therapeutics.

• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.354-359
• /
• 1997

Methods for the extraction of DNA from water sample were approximated. Four different procedures of DNA extraction were carried out with pellets obtained from centrifugation of 4 liter water samples. The recovery efficiency and purity of DNA extracted by each method from different sources were compared. DNA yield varied with extraction methods, Method I, which involves enzymatic and freeze-thaw lysis steps and phenol and phenol-chloroform purification of extracted nucleic acid, showed a significantly higher yield and purity than the other methods. The use of glass beads in the DNA extraction methods improved the purity of DNA suitable for PCR. Bovine serum albumin in the PCR reaction mixture was useful in reducing inhibitory effects of contaminants. The efficiency of an extraction method was determined by the detection of the aer of Aeromonas hydrophila with PCR. The lower limit of detection of A. hydrophila from seeded tap water was 2 CFU/ml in PCR when method I was used for DNA preparation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2013

Objectives : In other to determine the optimal extraction conditions, the various Bojungikgi-tang (BJIGT) decoctions prepared by different pressure levels and different extraction times were compared and evaluated in terms of the extract yield and the total soluble solid content. Methods : Decoctions were prepared by the pressure levels of 0 (non-pressurized) and 1 $kgf/cm^2$ (pressurized) for 60, 120 and 180 min. The extract yield and the total soluble solids content of decoctions were measured, and the amounts of the reference compounds in decoctions were investigated by the analysis using high performance liquid chromatography. Results : The extract yield and the total soluble solid content were higher in decoctions extracted by the pressurized method than those from decoction with non-pressurized method. The patterns of yield and contents showed a proportional increase to the extraction time. In analysis of the linear regression for four reference compounds such as liquiritin, nodakenin, hesperidin, and glycyrrhizin, the good linearity with the correlation coefficient more than 0.9999 was observed. The highest contents for four reference compounds were observed at 180 min of both the pressurized method and the non-pressurized method. Conclusions : This study suggests that the pressure in extraction method and the extraction time affect the compositional constituents in BJIGT decoctions. The extraction time of 180 min could be chosen in both pressurized and non-pressurized method as optimal extraction condition.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.55 no.4
• /
• pp.510-513
• /
• 2017

Patchouli oil extraction in general is still using conventional methods that require a long time of extraction. It is therefore necessary to develop extraction methods to obtain patchouli oil with optimum yield and quality. One of the new methods, which has been successfully developed, is microwave hydrodistillation (MHD). In addition to optimizing the extraction process of patchouli oil, this study also used microwave air-hydrodistillation (MAHD). Based on the research results, extraction using MAHD method can produce higher yield of patchouli oil when compared using MHD method. Also, based on the results of the analysis by GC-MS, extraction using MAHD method can produce quality of patchouli oil that is almost the same when compared using MHD method. This is supported by the results of the analysis by GC-MS, which showed that the content of patchouli alcohol is the main component of patchouli oil, and is almost the same for patchouli oil extracted using MHD method (26.32%) and MAHD method (25.23%).

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.40 no.1_2
• /
• pp.289-303
• /
• 2022

This article examines the multidimensional index extraction method of the disability social security system based on data mining. While creating the data warehouse of the social security system for the disabled, we need to know the elements of the social security indicators for the disabled. In this context, a clustering algorithm was used to extract the indicators of the social security system for the disabled by investigating the historical dimension of social security for the disabled. The simulation results show that the index extraction method has high coverage, sensitivity and reliability. In this paper, a multidimensional extraction method is introduced to extract the indicators of the social security system for the disabled based on data mining. The simulation experiments show that the method presented in this paper is more reliable, and the indicators of social security system for the disabled extracted are more effective in practical application.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.307-312
• /
• 2000

Physiologically active material ${\beta}$-glucan extracted from mushroom has an antitumor effect. Agaricus blazei murill(A blazel) fruiting bodies were reported to contain large amounts of ${\beta}$-glucan. The purpose of this study was to maximize ${\beta}$-glucn extraction from A. blazei by microwave assisted extraction method. Optimal extraction conditions were obtained under various extraction time and applied power which was examined as 200, 500 and 650 watt. The structure and concentrations of the raffinates were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR) and infrared spectroscopy(IR) It was proved that the extraction yield of microwave assisted extraction method was higher than that of conventional solvent extraction method. It was also observed that microwave assisted extraction method requires less amounts of solvents and extraction time compared to the conventional solvent extraction method.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2004.11c
• /
• pp.325-327
• /
• 2004

ECG limb lead II signal widely used to diagnosis heart diseases and it is essential to detect ECG events (onsets, offsets and peaks of the QRS complex P wave and T wave) and extract them from ECG signal for heart diseases diagnoses. However, it is very difficult to develop standardized feature extraction formulas since ECG signals are varying on patients and disease types. In this paper, simple feature extraction method from normal and abnormal types of ECG signals is proposed. As a signal features, heart rate, PR interval, QRS interval, QT interval, interval between S wave and baseline, and T wave types are extracted. To show the validity of proposed method, Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB), Left Bundle Branch Block (LBBB), Sinus Bradycardia, and Sinus Tachycardia data from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database are used for feature extraction and the extraction results showed higher extraction capability compare to conventional formula based extraction method.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.565-569
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different preparation methods on the recovery and quantification of ginsenosides in raw Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Eight major ginsenosides ($Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, $Rb_3$, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and $Rg_1$) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), after which the recovery and repeatability of the extraction of those ginsenosides using 3 different preparation methods were compared [A. direct extraction (DE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/direct dissolution; B. solid phase extraction (SPE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/dissolution/$C_{18}$ cartridge adsorption/MeOH elution; C. liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method, hot MeOH extraction/evaporation/dissolution/n-BuOH fractionation]. Use of the DE method resulted in a significantly higher recovery of total ginsenosides than other methods and a relatively clear peak resolution. Use of the SPE and LLE methods resulted in clearer peak resolution, but lower ginsenoside recovery than the DE method. The LLE method showed the lowest ginsenoside recovery and repeatability among the 3 methods. Given that the DE method employed only extraction, evaporation, and a dissolution step (avoiding complicate and time consuming purification), this technique may be an effective method for the preparation and quantification of ginsenosides from raw Korean ginseng.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.50-57
• /
• 2012

In this study, the beeswax extraction methods using organic solvents were examined to develop a optimal dewaxing technology for beeswax-treated Hanji. Thermally-aged beeswax-treated Hanji was dewaxed using four types of extraction methods including dipping, Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic washing and shaking methods. Then, the aging stability of the dewaxed Hanji was evaluated in terms of variations in paper strength and in the color of the printed area with muk. The experimental results suggested that the dewaxing methods allowing solvent to flow during extraction showed superior extraction efficiency. The dipping method in which the organic solvent does not flow showed the slowest extraction rate of beeswax compared to three other methods. In terms of variations in tensile strength and folding endurance, however, no obvious differences in the aging stability were observed amongst these four extraction methods. Regarding the aging stability in terms of the color of the printed area with muk, Soxhlet extraction method showed the best performance of dewaxing.