• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2010

The various forms of heavy metals in soil environments have been studied by sequential extraction method. We tested conventional Tessier sequential extraction and new ultrasound-sonication extraction methods, and compared their extraction efficiency. Total As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contents of the target soil (NIST SRM 2710 Montana Soil), by three methods (USEPA Method 3050B, KBSI Method, and ultrasound-sonication method) were all consistent with the certified values. Sequential extraction efficiency along with step-wise extraction values was similar in both Tessier method and ultrasound-sonication method. The ultrasound-sonication method took about 3 hours to complete whole procedure while the Tessier sequential extraction method took around 12 hours. Ultrasound-sonication method was estimated as one of the best methods with a relatively short application time and no requirement of high temperature treatment.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.276-281
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• 2013

This study was conducted to compare the contents of ginsenoside according the water extract conditions of red ginseng. In method A, red ginseng extract was prepared at $75^{\circ}C$ for 18 hours by 1 time extraction, and method B, the preparation was done at $85^{\circ}C$ for 18 hours by 1 time extraction. In method C, the primary extract prepared at $75^{\circ}C$ for 9 hours was blended with the secondary extract prepared by re-extracting the red ginseng residue obtained after the primary extraction, at $85^{\circ}C$ for 9 hours. Method D was the same procedure as method C but the extraction temperature for the primary extraction was $85^{\circ}C$ and that for the secondary extraction was $95^{\circ}C$. The contents of total and $Rb_1$, $Rg_1$ and $Rg_3$ ginsenoside were highest in Method C. The content of prosapogenin (ginsenoside $Rg_2$, $Rg_3$, $Rb_1$ and $Rb_2$) was highest in Method B. There was no consistent tendency in Brix, pH, Hue value and absorbance among extraction methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.227-230
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• 2004

Two extraction techniques, Ultrasonic and Microwave extraction method, were tested for the determination of arsenic in contaminated soil SRM (Montana Soil). The extraction mixture was prepared by mixing 1 M ortho-phosphoric acid and 0.1 M ascorbic acid. This extractant was known to preserve arsenic species. The appropriate extraction time was 10 min to 20 min and the recovery rate was about 80%. A coupled system, SPE-HG-ICP-AES, was used for the determination of inorganic arsenic species. The detection limit was around 2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/1 and the linearity of calibration curve was better than $R^2$=0.99.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.13-20
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• 2007

A new method for competent extraction of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linnaeus) colorants by using ultrasonic device was developed. When comparing to general extraction method, the ultrasonic method showed high extraction efficiency of safflower pigments. Ultrasonic method gave a higher extraction yield of red and yellow safflower pigments than using general method. It is supposed that the extraction efficiency is to be attributed to high vibration energies from ultrasound and finally induced physical changes of the pigments. Furthermore, this study explored the effects of ultrasonic treatment into the extracted safflower pigments on dyeing of cotton fabrics. Ultrasonic treatment into the extracted pigments exhibited significantly improved dyeing properties for the cotton fabrics.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.358-363
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the extraction methods for the determination of antioxidants in soybean oil. Recovery rates of various antioxidants in soybean oil showed similar rates as 80.4~102.1% by solvent/solvent extraction method and 89.9~106.4% by sweep co-distillation method except 46.6~61.2% of PG at corresponding spiked concentractions. The maximun recovery rates of antioxidnts were obtained when extraction time and extraction temperature used in UNITREX were 20min and 21$0^{\circ}C$ respectively. In the recovery rates with the activation of florisil when 2% ofwater was added to florisil the highest recovery rates for TBHQ, BHA, BHT were obtained by sweep co-distillation met-hod. Therefore sweep co-distillation method showed less solvent simple operation and high recovery rate compared with solvent/solvent extraction method.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.116-122
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• 2003

This paper proposes an efficient method for computing the 3-dimensional capacitance of complex structures. The proposed method Is based on Finite Element Method(FEM) and expands the conventional FEM by adopting variable division. This method improves the extraction efficiency 50 times when compared to the conventional FEM with equal division. The proposed method can be used efficiently to extract electrical parameters of on/off-chip interconnects in VLSI systems.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 2008

It designed a study to examine the efficiency of DNA and RNA extraction from archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using an non-heating and heating method. Archival paraffin blocks of liver, kidney, colon were randomly selected. Each paraffin block was prepared in 20 microtubes. For each paraffin blocks were tested non-heating DNA extraction to 10 microtubes and heating protocol under pH 7.0 and $100^{\circ}C$ to 10 microtubes. Evaluation of the results of DNA extraction was carried out by measuring concentration by UV spectrophotometry and then PCR amplification. DNA extraction content that non-heating method was liver $5{\pm}0.7{\mu}g/mL$, kidney $2{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/mL$, colon $6{\pm}0.4{\mu}g/mL$ and heating method was liver $12{\pm}0.6{\mu}g/mL$, kidney $7{\pm}0.5{\mu}g/mL$, colon $10.{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/mL$. Successful RNA extraction was observed, by ${\beta}$-actin amplification, in 46.7% sections for samples treated by the heating method versus 30.0% using non-heating DNA extraction. The extracted nucleic acid showed better values for samples heated at $100^{\circ}C$. Therefore heating extraction of nucleic acid is reliable, quick and efficiency.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2012

The ISO document of ISO/TC/190/SC3/WG11/N11 is a working draft of international standard (WD) dealing with analytical method for the determination of explosives and related compounds using high performance liquid chromatography. The scope of this WD covers the storage of samples, preparing test portion, extraction and instrumentation. The main purpose of this study was to improve the extraction conditions which were already adopted in the WD. For this purpose, mechanical shaking method could be corresponded up to 18 hours of ultrasonic bath extraction in the WD was tested. Methanol was also tested with the intention of being added as an extracting solvent other than acetonitrile in the WD. According to the results, 16 hours of mechanical shaking method showed statistically the same effectiveness as that of 18 hours of ultrasonic bath extraction. In case of extracting solvent, methanol also showed statistically the same extraction capability as acetonitrile for DNB, TNT, 2-A-DNT and 2,4-DNT. However, the recovery rate of TNB with methanol extraction was 40% higher than that of acetonitrile extraction. Through adding mechanical shaking method into committee draft (cf. the next stage draft of the WD during the process for making international standard), ISO standard of analyzing explosives and related compounds in soil would become more useful in dealing with huge number of field samples in the laboratory. In other aspect, adopting methanol as an alternative extracting solvent would be very effective in the terms of exchangeability with GC-ECD/MS method which is being developed by German experts.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.2 s.23
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• pp.107-117
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• 2007

Objectives : This study is desinged in order to evaluate the Poison extraction method for the Atopic dermatitis. Methods : The authors observed the two cases of Atopic dermatitis patients who previously used steroid-based ointment. for treating the Poison Extraction Method. Conclusions : 1. In case 1, the patient with mild case of Atopic dermatitis in face is treated with the Poison extraction method. Rash symptoms intensed for first few days. As sweating appeared in the local area from the seventh day, all the symptoms was disappeared rapidly. No recurrence was found. 2. In case 2, the patient with severe case of Atopic dermatitis in whole body is treated with the Poison extraction method. The symptoms intensed after two months and all the symptoms of itchiness, rash, scaly letter dissapeared in the third and fourth months. No recurrence was found. 3. In both cases of mild and severe cases of Atopic dermatitis. all the symptoms were disappeared and no recurrence was found with the Poison Extraction Method.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.447-459
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• 2003

This study was carried out to develop an efficient process far the elimination of phenol pollutant from soils. An microwave-assisted process (MAP) and a conventional Soxhlet extraction method (SEM) were employed to extract phenol from two types of soils. The effects of extraction methods, aged time of the spiked soil samples, extraction solvent and extraction time on the extraction performance were compared. Our results demonstrate that the recoveries from standard soil spiked were at least 10% higher fer MAP than these f3r the conventional Soxhlet. The extraction time by MAP requires significantly shelter time (1 min) than 15 h of the conventional Soxhlet. The recoveries from non-contaminated soil spiked with phenol were also almost identical f3r above results. The reduction of the extraction times with efficiency higher than that afforded by the conventional Soxhlet technique supports the suitability of the MAP method.