• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.44-52
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the influence of different extracting solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, or n-hexane) on the anti-inflammatory efficacy of Scutellaria baicalensis (Lamiaceae), which has been used widely as a traditional herbal medicine for its anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: The ability of each extract to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, TNF-$\alpha$, and $PGE_2$ by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells was measured. Results: The results showed that extraction solvents (except n-hexane) for S. baicalensis showed significant inhibitory effects on NO, TNF-$\alpha$ and $PGE_2$ production. Especially, methanol was the solvent with the greatest activity against NO and $PGE_2$ production. However, there was no difference between the extracts for inhibitory activity of TNF-$\alpha$. Conclusion: The present study suggests that methanol is a superior extraction solvent than water, ethanol, or n-hexane for maintaining the anti-inflammatory effects of S. baicalensis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.150-153
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• 2007

Hydrocarbons have been successfully used as a chemical marker in order to identify irradiated from non-irradiated foods. The method for determining hydrocarbons consists of extraction of fats, followed by separation of hydrocarbons by florisil column chromatography, and then identification of hydrocarbons by GC/MS. Currently, solvent extraction method for fats has certain limitations with regard to extraction time and solvent consumption. Commercial hams and sausage were irradiated at 0 and 5 kGy, and the efficiency of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and conventional solvent extraction (CSE) methods on the extraction of radiation-induced hydrocarbons from the meat products was compared. Significant levels of hydrocarbons, mainly composed of 1,7-hexadecadien, 1,7,10-hexadecatriene, and 6,9-heptadecadiene, were detected in the extracts from irradiated hams and sausages by both CSE and MAE methods. Both methods were acceptable in extracting hydrocarbons from samples, but MAE method required apparently reduced amounts of solvent from 150 (CSE) to 50 mL and reduced extraction time from 23 (CSE) to 5 min.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2003

Composition of isoflavone in cotyledon and hypocotyl of soybean were detected using HPLC. Optimum conditions for extracting isoflavone from hypocotyl were studied as well. Contents of isoflavone in soybean cotyledon and hypocotyl were 482.5 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ and 3453.3 mg 100 100 $g^{-1}$, respectively. Hypocotyl contained 7~8 times move isoflavone than corresponding cotyledon of the soybean. Malonyl glycoside accounted for move than 70% of the total isoflavone, followed by glycoside, acetyl glycoside, and aglycone. Aqueous ethanol of 60~80% was the most suitable solvent for extracting isoflavone from the hypocotyl. Optimum temperature and time was $90^{\circ}C$, 1hr. Acetic acid, NaCl, and NaOH added to 80% ethanol suppressed extraction yield of the phytochemieal.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 2000

The effects of alginate extracting conditions from sea tangle and the effects of film preparation conditions on the physical properties of the alginate film were investigated by measuring ester compounds permeability. The higher concentration of sodium carbonate solution as extracting solvent made the higher ethyl acetate permeability of alginate film, but extracting time showed little efficacy of alginate film permeability. The higher concentration of sorbitol as a plasticizer showed higher ethyl acetate permeability of alginate film, Adding various plasticizers, the ethyl acetate permeability of algiante films was increased in order as follow : sorbitol, glycerol and polyethylene glycol. Ester compounds haying the lower molecular weight showed the higher permeability. And the higher temperature made the ethyl acetate permeability of algiante film to be high.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1033-1037
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• 2001

Garlic oleoresins were made by extracting with four solvents of methanol, methyl acetate hexane and acetone from chopped garlic, respectively, and the volatile compounds of each extract were separated by gas chromatography installed with polar (supelcowax-10$^{TM}$) and nonpolar (HP-5) capillary columns, respectively, and identified by matching mass data of mass selective detector and Kovat\`s retention index with references. The numbers of the volatile compounds identified the garlic oleoresin by polar and nonpolar columns from in garlic oleoresins were 41 and 32, respectively. In polar column, 13 pyrans, 11 sulfur-containing compounds 6 furans 2 alcohols and 2 heterocyclic compounds were identified. In nonpolar column, 11 sulfur-containing compounds 5 acids 3 furans and eugenol were identified. The major sulfur-containing compounds identified from the oleoresins were 3, 3'-thiobis-1-propene, methyl 2-propenyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, di-2-prnpenyl-trisulfide, 2-thiophenecarboxylic acid. The amount of these sulfur-containing compounds isolated from the oleresins were more abundant in polar column than in nonpolar column. The most efficient solvent for extracting volatile compounds of garlic was methanol but the most useful solvent for extracting sulfur-containing compounds was methyl acetate of less polarity.y.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.149-156
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• 2012

The effects of solvent type and concentration, solid/liquid ratio, extraction time and repeated extraction on recovery of keratinase from solid-state fermentation (SSF) of chicken feather by a local Streptomyces sp. NRC 13S were investigated in order to establish the experimental conditions for keratinase yield. Among solvents tested, 0.5% (v/v) glycerol was the best. Box-Behnken design was used to investigate the effect of relevant variables on keratinase recovery. The factors investigated were solid/liquid ratio (1:1.66-1:6.66 g/mL), glycerol concentration (0.5-5% v/v) and repeated extraction (1-5 cycle). The results showed that the maximum recovery of keratinase (6933.3 U/gfs) was obtained using 0.5 (v/v) glycerol as extracting solvent, in a solid/liquid ratio of 1:5 and three extraction cycles.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.10-10
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to investigate spectrophotometric characteristics of Korean knotweed extracts. The properties were evaluated by it′s extracting solvent, effect of metallic ion, variations of pH values and effect of light exposure. The results were as following; The highest absorbance was found in methanol extract of Korean knotweed, while the lowest absorbance was carbon tetrachloride extract. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors in several solvents showed hypsochromic shift of n-π/sup ＊/ transition with the polarity of solvent. Absorbance and peak of UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors became lower and broader by addition of metallic ion. The light stability in irradiation with xenon ]amp of the color solution with Cu were higher than those of Al and Fe. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed extracts in various pH values showed bathochromic shift under alkaline condition, and their peaks disappeared after 5 hours exposure.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.298-305
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• 2001

The Purpose of this study was to investigate spectrophotometric characteristics of Korean knotweed extracts. The properties were evaluated by it's extracting solvent, effect of metallic ion, variations of pH values and effect of light exposure. The results were as following; The highest absorbance was found in methanol extract of Korean knotweed, while the lowest absorbance was carbon tetrachloride extract. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors in several solvents showed hypsochromic shift of $n->\pi^*$ transition with the polarity of solvent. Absorbance and peak of UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed colors became lower and broader by addition of metallic ion. The light stability in irradiation with xenon ]amp of the color solution with Cu were higher than those of Al and Fe. The UV-vis. spectra of Korean knotweed extracts in various pH values showed bathochromic shift under alkaline condition, and their Peaks disappeared after 5 hours exposure.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2000

$\beta$-cyclodextrin adsorption and saponification methods were applied to isolate and purify cholesterol from the by-product of the low-cholesterol egg yolk product. They by-product was prepared from processing low-cholesterol egg yolk followed by extracting with chloroform to remove $\beta$-cyclodextrin and concentrated to 3,069 mg% cholesterol. When $\beta$-cyclodextrin method between two purification methods was applied, 50% ethanol as a solvent showed higher cholesterol concentration of 5.82% rather than the other solvents. Repeated purification of 3 times could not improve the cholesterol concentration significantly(p<0.05). In case of purification using saponification method, hexane as a solvent for extraction of unsaponificated materials was more efficient to increase cholesterol concentration than chloroform and ether. 60 times(v/w) saponification solution (95% ethanol:33% KOH = 94:6) of sample weight was most effective to increase the cholesterol concentration of 35.7%. Repeated purification process by saponification method could increase cholesterol concentration to 95.7% by 4 times repetition.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1993

The syntheses of urocanic acid esters was optimized, starting from p-toluenesulfonic acid salt of this acid and long chain fatty alcohols in the organic solvent and extracting water from it by means of azeotropic Compound. The salts of these urocanic acid esters showed amphoteric properties, but their micellization enhances their rate of hydrolysis leading to the free amine. Nevertheless the long chain gives to the esters themselves an amphoteric character allowing their solubilization in micellar media and in microemulsions the result, yield could enhanced.