• Wind and Structures
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.269-285
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• 2020

The statistical characteristics of typhoon wind speed records tend to have a considerable time-varying trend; thus, the stationary wind model may not be appropriate to estimate the wind characteristics of typhoon events. Several nonstationary wind speed models have been proposed by pioneers to characterize wind characteristics more accurately, but comparative studies on the applicability of the different wind models are still lacking. In this study, three landfall typhoons, Ampil, Jongdari, and Rumbia, recorded by ultrasonic anemometers atop the Shanghai World Financial Center (SWFC), are used for the comparative analysis of stationary and nonstationary wind characteristics. The time-varying mean is extracted with the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method, and the time-varying standard deviation is calculated by the autoregressive moving average generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARMA-GARCH) model. After extracting the time-varying trend, the longitudinal wind characteristics, e.g., the probability distribution, power spectral density (PSD), turbulence integral scale, turbulence intensity, gust factor, and peak factor, are comparatively analyzed based on the stationary wind speed model, time-varying mean wind speed model and time-varying standard deviation wind speed model. The comparative analysis of the different wind models emphasizes the significance of the nonstationary considerations in typhoon events. The time-varying standard deviation model can better identify the similarities among the different typhoons and appropriately describe the nonstationary wind characteristics of the typhoons.

• Transactions on Control, Automation and Systems Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 2001

In this paper, we proposed a method for extracting facial characteristics of human being in an image. Given a pair of gray level sample images taken with and without human being, the face of human being is segmented from the image. Noise in the input images is removed with the help of Gaussian filters. Edge maps are found of the two input images. The binary edge differential image is obtained from the difference of the two input edge maps. A mask for face detection is made from the process of erosion followed by dilation on the resulting binary edge differential image. This mask is used to extract the human being from the two input image sequences. Features of face are extracted from the segmented image. An effective recognition system using the discrete wave let transform (DWT) is used for recognition. For extracting the facial features, such as eyebrows, eyes, nose and mouth, edge detector is applied on the segmented face image. The area of eye and the center of face are found from horizontal and vertical components of the edge map of the segmented image. other facial features are obtained from edge information of the image. The characteristic vectors are extrated from DWT of the segmented face image. These characteristic vectors are normalized between +1 and -1, and are used as input vectors for the neural network. Simulation results show recognition rate of 100% on the learned system, and about 92% on the test images.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.859-871
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the pigment characteristic and changes in dying conditions on the dying properties by extracting Chelidonium majus var. asiaticum using distilled water and ethanol as solvents. Changes in dying conditions include variations in dye concentrations, dyeing temperatures and time on dye uptake, and K/S Value was compared according to these changes. Additionally, color changes were observed through mordant. Ultraviolet-visible spectrum was used to investigate the pigment characteristic, and as a result, tannin was identified in distilled-water-extract, whereas berberine and chlorophyll were identified in ethanol-extract. In FT-IR analysis, tannin in distilled-water-extract was verified as hydrolyzable tannin. For ethanol extract, chlorophyll was verified through absorption band of C-H, which is aliphatic spectrum around $2920cm^{-1}$ and $2850cm^{-1}$. From GC/MS analysis, oil components as well as terpine compounds were detected in ethanol-extract, and this, in turn, brings expectation regarding functionality. When dying in silk, dye uptake increased as concentration of the extract increased, and the optimum dyeing temperature and time were $40^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes respectively. Dyed fabrics' colors were all basically Y-series colors, and adjustment in brightness and revelation of khaki color were also available depending on the type of the mordant. Color fastness, except for washing fastness, was good in silk dyed with distilled-water-extract. Thus, it can be concluded that by selecting the right extracting method and by doing proper dyeing and mordant according to the needs, these dyed fabrics can be used as eco-friendly, functional clothing material.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study is to propose the algorithm about the extraction of the facial feature. To achieve the above goal, first of all, this study produces binary image for input color image. It calculates area after pixel labeling by variant block-units. Secondly, by contour following, circumference have been calculated. So the proper degree of resemblance about area, circumference, the proper degree of a circle and shape have been calculated using the value of area and circumference. And Third, the algorithm about the methods of extracting parameters which are about the feature of eyes, nose, and mouse using the proper degree of resemblance, general structures and characteristics(symmetrical distance) in face have been accomplished. And then the feature parameters of the front face have been extracted. In this study, twelve facial feature parameters have been extracted by 297 test images taken from 100 people, and 92.93 % of the extracting rate has been shown.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.48-61
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of four kinds of leavening agents on Jeung-Pyun fermantation. Milk-wine(M), fresh yeast(F), dry yeast(D), instant yeast(I) were used in Jeung-Pyun ingredients. The physicochemical properties, sensory evaluation were examined. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Basic recipes for Jeung-Pyun by preliminary test were developed. 2. Specific volumes and expansion ratio of Jeung-Pyun was higher in the fresh yeast-added sample. 3. The pH of Jeung-Pyun was decreased significantly as the fermentation progressed 4. In the result comparing Jeung-Pyun extracting after 1st fermentation with Jeung-Pyun extracting 2nd fermentation by SEM, the former was widely distributed in stability of bubble and pore than the latter. 5. Standard recipe by Q.D.A. test added four kinds of leavening agents were as follows: (1)Jeung-Pyun added milk wine was 240min for 1st fermentation time, 60min for 2nd fermentation time, 35$^{\circ}C$ for fermentation temperature, 80% for fermentation humidity respectively. (2) Jeung-Pyun added fresh yeast was 90min for 1st fermentation time, 40min for 2nd fermentation time, 35$^{\circ}C$ for fermentation temperature, 80% for fermentation humidity respectively. (3)Jeung-Pyun added dry yeast was 90min for 1st fermentation time, 60min for 2nd fermentation time, 35$^{\circ}C$ for fermentation temperature, 60% for fermentation humidity respectively. (4)Jeung-Pyun added instant yeast was 90min for 1st fermentation time, 40min for 2nd fermentation time, 30$^{\circ}C$ for fermentation temperature, 60% for fermentation humidity respectively. 6.Based on sensory evaluation, Jeung-Pyun added fresh yeast was significantry higher than others in color, sweetness, moistness, softness, and overall quality. There was negative significance between milk wine flavor and astrigentness, and yeast flavor.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

In this paper, we propose an algorithm that can recognize not only the number of stretched fingers but also determination of attached fingers for extracting features required for hand gesture recognition. The proposed algorithm detects the hand area in the input image by the skin color range filter based on a color model and labeling, and then recognizes various hand gestures by extracting the number of stretched fingers and determination of attached fingers using curvature information extracted from outlines and feature points. Experiment results show that the recognition rate and the frame rate are similar to those of the conventional algorithm, but the number of gesture cases that can be defined by the extracted characteristics is about four times higher than the conventional algorithm, so that the proposed algorithm can recognize more various gestures.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.119-127
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• 2013

In cases of wooden structure and wooden house installed on the outside, metal goods used for basic connection are usually screw bolts, strainless nails and general iron nails. As metal connections on wood are directly exposed to exterior environment, friction resistibility of nails on metal connections declines and continual defects on this are generated and maintenance for it is required. However, experiments and analyses for preparing basic data for improvement of the problems have been not conducted so far and wooden structures with defects are abandoned. Accordingly, by analyzing friction resistibility of connections by each kind of woods and metal goods, the study aims to suggest to use metal goods appropriately by kinds of woods and manufacture conditions with analysis on characteristics of resistibility of extracting nails for solving such problems and to secure basic data for establishing maintenance, repair and reinforcement plans.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.2059-2071
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• 2007

If the correct structure of Web site is known, the information provider can discover users# behavior patterns and characteristics for better services, and users can find useful information easily and exactly. There may be some difficulties, however, to extract the exact structure of Web site because documents one the Web tend to be changed frequently. This paper proposes new method for extracting such Web structure automatically. The method consists of two phases. The first phase extracts the hyperlinks among Web documents, and then constructs a directed graph to represent the structure of Web site. It has limitations, however, to discover the hyperlinks in Flash and Java Applet. The second phase is to find such hidden hyperlinks by using Web access log. It fist extracts the click streams from the access log, and then extract the hidden hyperlinks by comparing with the directed graph. Several experiments have been conducted to evaluate the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2006

This paper describes the technique which utilizes a fuzzy neural network to sketch feature extraction in digital images. We configure an artificial neural network and make it learn fuzzy membership functions to decide a local threshold applying to sketch feature extraction. To do this. we put the learning data which is membership functions generated based on optimal feature map of a few standard images into the artificial neural network. The proposed technique extracts sketch features in an images very effectively and rapidly because the input fuzzy variable have some desirable characteristics for feature extraction such as dependency of local intensity and excellent performance and the proposed fuzzy neural network is learned from their membership functions, We show that the fuzzy neural network has a good performance in extracting sketch features without human intervention.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2015

Livestock waste compost tea is a liquid extract of compost obtained by mixing livestock compost. In this study, some chemical and microbiological characteristics of compost tea depending on the kind of raw materials used were examined, and several experiments to investigate the practical effects on Chinese cabbage cultivation were conducted. This experiment showed that livestock composts needed to be added into aerated water at the ratio between 1:100 and 1:10 (1 part compost to 10~100 parts water) to produce the high quality compost tea. Compost teas must be aerated more than 24 to 48 hours to be able to support aerobic organisms. In cultivation test with compost teas, swine manure compost teas were made by the extracting ratio of 50x, in the aerated condition for 24 hours in water and oil cake in the extracting ratio of 100x were added as supplements. Following the input of oil cake, the concentration of nitrogen and aerobic bacteria increased. Another experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different swine manure compost teas on plant growth and yield of Chinese cabbage. The fresh yield of Chinese cabbage was higher in the fertigated plots by compost tea with oil cake compared to those of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$ fertilization plot with chemical fertilizer by soil test recommendation (Fert. NPK). The effect of compost tea on growth of Chinese cabbage was largely attributable to the increased number of microorganisms as well as nutrients.