• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.240-246
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• 1992

The effects of extracorporeal circulation on plateler count were studied in 120 patients. We measured platelet count before, during, after extracorporeal circulation, and postoperative 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11th days to evaluate the effects of total extracorporeal circulation time and types of oxygenator on changes of platelet count The patients were classified into group I [extracorporeal circulation time < 100 minutes, 45 patients], II [100 < extracorporeal circulation time < 200 minutes, 48 patients], III [extracorporeal circulation time >200 minutes, 27 patients], and also all patients were classified into group B [bubble oxygenator, 84 patients] and group M [membrane oxygenator, 36 patients]. The group I, II, III were subclassified into IB, IM, IIB, IIM, IIIB and IIIM according to the types of oxygenator. The results were as follows: 1. The platelet counts were reduced throughout extracorporeal circulation and in the early postoperative periods upto postoperative third day. 2. The platelet counts after postoperative 9th to 11th day increased significantly compared with those of preoperative levels. 3. After extracorporeal circulation, the platelet recovered gradually in all groups, especially faster in group I compared with those of group II and III. 4. The effect of the type of oxygenator on the recovery of platelet count was not significant. In conclusion, extracorporeal circulation time influenced the change of platelet count. Therefore, in order to prevent of decrease of platelet count associated with extracorporeal circulation time, the extracorporeal circulation time should be shortened.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.525-547
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• 1989

Hemorrhagic tendency observed in open heart surgery patients has been attributed, among other causes, to increased fibrinolytic activity during extracorporeal circulation. But the exact mechanism of enhanced fibrinolytic activity which occurs during extracorporeal circulation is still unknown. So, we studied and compared the changes of parameters of fibrinolytic and protein C system according to time obtained from the plasma of 31 adult open heart surgery patients[EGG group] and 10 adult general thoracic surgery patients[control group], in order to confirm the hypothesis that the activated protein C system might affect the fibrinolytic system during extracorporeal circulation. In ECC group, the nature of the enhanced fibrinolytic activity that evolved during extracorporeal circulation was characterized by significant increase in fibrin degradation products[P < 0.01] and significant decrease in plasminogen and alpha2-antiplasmin[P < 0.05, P < 0.01] in spite of adequate amount of heparin administration. These changes were most pronounced in the early phase of extracorporeal circulation and normalized after termination of extracorporeal circulation. The results of these observations were the same after volume correction with the value of hematocrit. The change of volume corrected protein C ratio during extracorporeal circulation revealed similar pattern to those of plasminogen and alpha2-antiplasmin [P < 0.01], but volume corrected ratio of free protein S showed significant increase after the commencement of extracorporeal circulation then decreased after extracorporeal circulation. Although the above mentioned changes occur similarly in both bubble type oxygenator-used and membrane oxygenator-used patients groups, but the degree of decrease was more severe in membrane oxygenator-used patients group [P < 0.01] and showed much slower recovery to reach to the preextracorporeal circulation level. These results confirm the hypothesis that the enhanced fibrinolysis during extracorporeal circulation might be caused by the activation of protein C system and the activation is possibly linked to the appearance of thrombin from contact activation of blood after wide exposure to the synthetic surfaces of extracorporeal circuit. Key words: Extracorporeal circulation, Enhanced fibrinolysis, Protein C system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 1974

Influences on organ function were studied in animals during prolonged extracorporeal circulation with a bubble type of oxygenator. More than six hours of total cardiopulmonary bypass was performed under mild hypothermia by means of an extracorporeal circulation system in five dogs. Obtained results were summarized as follows. 1. The renal function was not so impaired seriously until four hours of extracorporeal circulation. However, there was more serious impairment of renal function in this study when extracorporeal circulation was carried out for a period of five hours or more. 2. There was gradual hepatic damage during extracorporeal circulation and the damage was more significant after bypass for a period of five to six hours. 3. There was a significant decrease in serum K during bypass, irrespective of the pump oxygenator prime with a high K solution. The reason for this is complex and due to many factors, however, it was evidently related to serum glucose levels during extracorporal circulation.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 1978

This experiment was carried out to study the change of potassium before, during, and after extracorporeal circulation. Serum potassium and urinary potassium excretion were examined in 7 cases of patient who were taken open heart surgery using extracorporeal circulation. All of 7 cases were administered 10-25mEq of KC1 during extracorporeal circulation. Serum potassium was not changed significantly during, and after operation, but urinary potassium excretion was declined during extracorporeal circulation and tend to rise after extracorporeal circulation. This result showed no remarkable relation of serum potassium and urinary potassium excretion.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2015

In this study, a basic research on artificial liver was performed for its application to people on the waiting list of liver transplant or patients with hepatic insufficiency. Artificial livers are generally classified into mechanic type, bioartificial type, and hybrid type. An extracorporeal circulation device was examined herein, which is indispensable in the application of an artificial liver, for its effectiveness in supporting the recovery of liver functions. Extracorporeal circulation system is a treatment and life-support system which sends out the patient's blood, removes toxicity by various methods, and then sends the blood back to the interior of the body. This study used an extracorporeal circulation system which enables the Plasma Perfusion by CVVH method, and applied the program of Bioateco corp. Animals with acute hepatic insufficiency were produced to apply the extracorporeal circulation device. As a result, their ammonia, bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, and bile acid levels rose, confirming the liver function restoration in the experimental animals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.13-18
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• 2001

The ECMO system, including umbilical cord and membrane type oxygenator was connected with extracorporeal circulation unit, was applied to the fetus growth model of goat. The maximum survival time of goat fetus was 48 hours. Average blood rate for the extracorporeal circulation was $223{\pm}15.2 ml/min.$ The survival time of fetus was deeply related to body temperature, blood circulation and water temperature, anesthetized time, and fetus weights. Extern variables that are composed of anesthetized time, fetus weights, change of hemoglobin, circuit pressure, related to the survival time for fetus corrected the problem of previous ECMO model that is controlled by roller pump. It is directly delivered to heart on load. Applying the results from new ECMO model, further research will provide to the system of ECMO for human.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2010

Extracorporeal circulation support system is a device for repiratory and heart failure treatment, and there have been many trials for development and clinical application in the world. These devices need to be careful while using is air embolism. Air embolism can be a lethal complication of surgical procedures during which venous pressure at the site of surgery is sub-atmospheric or air is forced under pressure into a body cavity or using extracorporeal circulation support system. To solve the problem, we developed the air detector using relative dielectric constant change. In experiments with a mock circulation system, the proposed system showed a signal difference depending on the amount of air in the tube.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.40-45
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• 1982

A Clinical study was carried out to observe changes in concentration of serum and urinary potassium during and after open-heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation with Heart-Lung-Machine. The patients studied in the present work included eight cases of congenital heart anomalies and seven cases of acquired valvular diseases of the heart. Blood and urine samples were collected at intervals of 30 minutes during open-heart surgery and at intervals of 8 hours until 48 hours after the operation to determine concentration of serum and urinary potassium. 1.While the concentration of urinary potassium was not changed during the operation, the concentration of urinary potassium was rapidly increased after the operation. Eight hours after the operation, the concentration of urinary potassium was increased to the highest value of 86.97±43.96 mEq/L and was gradually decreased thereafter. The concentration of urinary potassium, however, still remained elevated even 48 hours after the operation, the concentration being greater than preoperative state by 19.90 mEq/L. 2.The concentration of urinary potassium after the operation was higher in the group who went through 90 minutes of extracorporeal circulation [$108.71{\pm}94.71mEq/L$] than in the group who went through 60 minutes of extracorporeal circulation [$86.58{\pm}50.87mEq/L$]. The Increased level of urinary potas-sium observed In the group who went through 90 minutes of extracorporeal circulation continued for longer period of time as compared with that in the group who went through 60 minutes of extracorporeal circulation. 3.The increased level of urinary potassium was observed in the both groups of patients with or without diuretics plus digitalis therapy. However, the increased level of urinary potassium appeared to con-tinue for longer period of time in the group of patients receiving diuretics plus digitalis therapy prior to the operation than in the group of patients receiving no diuretics plus digitalis therapy.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.402-408
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• 1984

During the period of August 1983 to February 1984 study has been done on the value of serum lactate at regular intervals before, during and after operation on 30 patients who went through open heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation for congenital or acquired heart diseases at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Hanyang University- The results were as follows: 1.The mean value of serum lactate before the operation was observed to be 28.5 \ulcorner.41 mg/dl. 2.At 10 minutes after the beginning of extracorporeal circulation the mean value of serum lactate showed a rapid increase to 73.24\ulcorner3.61 mg/dl, an increase of 44.74 mg/dl [156.9%] from the pre-operation value. 3.At 40 minutes after the beginning of extracorporeal circulation the mean value of serum lactate was observed to be 78.98\ulcorner1.67 mg/dl which was the highest level. It was an increase of 50.48 mg/dl [177.12%] from the preoperation value. 4.At 70 minutes after the beginning of extracorporeal circulation the mean value of serum lactate was observed to be 64.39\ulcorner9.29 mg/dl, an increase of 35.89 mg/dl [125.9%] from the preoperation value, and at over 100 minutes it was observed to be 68.00\ulcorner5.79 mg/dl, an increase of 39.5 mg/dl [138.5%] from the preoperation value. 5.The mean value of serum lactate immediately after the operation was 61.36\ulcorner6.94 mg/dl, an increase of 32.86 mg/dl [115.2%] from the preoperation value. 7.On the 7th post-operative day the value of serum lactate returned the preoperation value.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 1986

The changes of serum creatine phosphokinase [CPK], serum lactic dehydrogenase [LDH], serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [GOT] and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase [GPT] were studied in a total of 82 cases who underwent open heart operation under the cardiopulmonary bypass at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital. The results were as follows 1. The average values of CPK and COT after the operation were reached to the maximal values on the first postoperative day, which were returned to the normal range until the fifth postoperative day. The average values of LDH and CPT after the operation were reached to the maximal values on the first and second postoperative day respectively, which were significantly increased until the seventh postoperative day. 2. In the relationship of the serum enzymes and duration of the extracorporeal circulation, the values on the group over 90 minute of the extracorporeal circulation were more increased than on the group below 90 minute of the extracorporeal circulation. 3. In the relationship of the changes of the serum enzymes and congenital heart diseases and acquired heart diseases, there were no significantly differences in the values between the two groups.