• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.73-103
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• 2015

According to Resource Dependence theory, an organization's behavior and strategy is affected by external resources. An organization has diverse resources interacting with environment. Because organization cannot focus on all those resources, it concentrates on its critical resources. In market environment, firm responds to other firms by controlling their internal critical resources or manages interdependency with environment to get market share. Thus Firm should choose best behavior and strategy when internal and external resources are change. When new brand enters, incumbents might change their strategy to protect their market share depending on critical value. More precisely, incumbents sharing market with entrant respond, but incumbents having competitive internal resources do not. In this article, we study incumbent's responses to a new brand entry and long-term effect. We show that how incumbents change their price strategy in reaction to the new brand' entry and also show these responses vary depending on interdependency of internal resources and external environments and ownership.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2024

CNC tools contribute to the production of high-precision and consistent results. However, employing damaged CNC tools or utilizing compromised numerical control can lead to significant issues, including equipment damage, overheating, and system-wide errors. Typically, the assessment of external damage to CNC tools involves capturing a single viewpoint through a camera to evaluate tool wear. This study aims to enhance existing methods by using only a single manually focused Microscope camera to enable comprehensive external analysis from multiple perspectives. Applying the NeRF (Neural Radiance Fields) algorithm to images captured with a single manual focus microscope camera, we construct a 3D rendering system. Through this system, it is possible to generate scenes of areas that cannot be captured even with a fixed camera setup, thereby assisting in the analysis of exterior features. However, the NeRF model requires considerable training time, ranging from several hours to over two days. To overcome these limitations of NeRF, various subsequent models have been developed. Therefore, this study aims to compare and apply the performance of Instant NGP, Mip-NeRF, and DS-NeRF, which have garnered attention following NeRF.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.267-272
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• 2024

This review explores recent advancements in microfluidic crystallization techniques utilizing energy from external sources on a small scale. We focus on four representative types of external sources: ultrasound, laser, microwave, and electric field, emphasizing their impact on crystal formation. This highlights the benefits of using external sources in crystallization, such as improved crystal quality, structure formation, and changes in physical properties. Providing a comprehensive overview of crystallization techniques employing external sources, the paper discusses the potential developments in the field of crystallization through the application of these external energy sources.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2009

After a research on appearance diagnosis and fish, bird, horse, and turtle types, this study concluded as following. Appearance diagnosis is a technique that exams five jang organs by color and shape of eye, nose, mouth, and ear. Four HyungSang types-including fish, bird, horse and turtle types-are evaluated upon the external shape that are created while type of seed changes. Appearance diagnosis focuses on five jang organs. Four HyungSang types focus on external shape, but are eventually related to five jang organs. Thus, two different techniques possess a point in common; five jang organs. The assignment of nose, eye, ear and mouth to the Five elements varies between two techniques. On the viewpoint of formation, appearance diagnosis assigns them to metal-water-wood-fire-earth and movement, and four HyungSang types do to wood-fire-earth-metal-water and constitution. On the viewpoint of body/use and static/dynamic, appearance diagnosis assigns them to metal-water-wood-fire-earth and constitution, and four HyungSang types do to wood-fire-earth-metal-water and movement. If nose, eye, ear, and mouth are assigned by on four HyungSang types, which are based on external shape, the assignment can be utilized in diagnosis. If, however, they are assigned by appearance diagnosis, it can be focus on treatment. Five jang organs and six fu organs are affected by internal conditions because they are located inside of human body, while four HyungSang types are affected by external conditions because it deals with external shape. If a disease occurs in the developed part of the body, it would be difficult to be cured because four HyungSang types depend on external shapes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.671-683
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the leadership experience of clinical nurses. Methods: During 2014, data were collected using focus group interviews. Three focus group interviews were held with a total of 20 clinical nurses participating. All interviews were recorded as they were spoken and transcribed and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Fifteen categories emerged from the five main themes. 1) Thoughts on the leadership category: to lead others, to cope with problem situations adequately and to serve as a shield against difficulties. 2) Situations requiring leadership: situation that requires correct judgement, coping and situations that need coordination and cooperation. 3-1) Leadership behaviors: other-oriented approach and self-oriented approach. 3-2) Leadership behavior consequences: relevant compensation and unfair termination. 4-1) Facilitators of leadership: confidence and passion for nursing and external support and resources. 4-2) Barriers to leadership: non-supportive organization culture and deficiency in own leadership competencies. 5) Strategies of leadership development: strengthen leadership through self-development and organizational leadership development. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results indicate that it is necessary to enhance clinical nurses' leadership role in healthcare. Enhancement can be achieved through leadership programs focused on enlarging leadership experience, constant self-development, leadership training, and development of leadership competencies suited to the nursing environment.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2005

Usual human gait can be modeled as continual impact phenomenon that happens due to the topological change of the kinematic structure of the two feet. The human being adapts his own control algorithm to minimize the ill effect due to the collision with the environment. In order to operate a Humanoid robot like the human being, it is necessary to understand the physics of the impact and to derive an analytical model of the impact. In this paper, specially, we focus on impact analysis of the kicking motion in playing soccer. At the instant of impact, the external impulse exerted on the ball by the foot is an important property. Initially, we introduce the complete external impulse model of the lower-extremity of the human body and analyze the external impulses for several kicking postures of the lower-extremity. Secondly, a trajectory-planning algorithm of a ball, in which the initial velocity and the launch angle of the ball are calculated for a desired trajectory of the ball, will be introduced. The aerodynamic effect such as drag force and lift force is also considered. We carry out numerical simulation and experimentation to verify the effectiveness of the proposed analytical methodology.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Purpose - Based on transaction cost perspective and institution-based perspective, this research attempts to investigate the effect of outsourcing on a firm's performance and how it interacts with institutional context in which the firms operate. Research design, data, and methodology -With a sample of 164 manufacturing firms form South Korea, we examine the direct effects of outsourcing on the a firm's level of product innovation and internationalization and the moderating effects of competitive pressure and property right protection as important external factors that could affect the effectiveness of outsourcing decision. Result - The findings show that outsourcing not only enhance a firm's capability to concentrate on its core competencies, but also to increase a firm's combinative capacity to acquire external knowledge. Furthermore, we finds that in a highly competitive environment, potential knowledge spillovers to other competitors may attenuate the potential benefits of outsourcing. Conclusion - Outsourcing can enhance a firm's innovation activities by providing valuable access to external knowledge and also to complementary resources from the external partners, which in turn enables firms to focus on core competences.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.241-255
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• 2005

Objectives : In order to comprehend and utilize external therapy, we considered that we needed to research Wu Shi-Ji who was a medical specialist of external therapy. We looked at the special study on external therapy in his book, ${\ll}li-yao-pian-wen{\gg}$, especially ; in this part his generai approach to external therapy was well-detaiied. Methods : We translated and analyzed . Results : In , he gives a supplementary explanation about the insufficient attention paid to external therapy, 膏(gao) - (ti) 坐(zuo) (yu) 抹(mo) 纏法(chan fa), through San Jiao(三焦). And he insisted on his conception of external therapy: ointment(膏) and the moth of sneezing, sitting on herbs(坐), steaming or attaching herbs patients's navel, rubbing(抹) and binding(縛), based on ${\ll}nei-jing{\gg}$ and ${\ll}shang-han-lun{\gg}$. He put forward the general rules of external therapy using those methods. And through , he explained that the efficacy of his external therapy was basically the same as internal therapy and medicine, the only difference was in the method. In addition, this external therapy has some merits when compared with internal medicine. First, it's easier to diagnose a disease and treat patients compared to internal medicine. For instance, when a patient has a problem with his abdomen, we just have to diagnose a disease of the abdomen and treat using one method of external therapy on the abdomenal area. Second, external therapy has fewer side effects. And third, we can utilize the meridian theory when we use external therapy. Conclusions : Through , we basically understood his conception of external therapy. Although more research is needed, we suggest that we need to enlarge our usage of external therapy, not just confine ourselves to smaller areas of focus. His point of view suggests that external therapy is not merely an adjunct to internal therapy, but an interdependent course of study and action in its own right.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-165
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• 2012

Recently, the theory of open innovation emerges as a new innovation paradigm. This paper aims to examine open innovation activities of SMEs. Many firms tend to search new knowledge from various external sources and to pursue to achieve innovation resources or knowledge of external innovators. Particularly, this paper focus on the process of external knowledge networking and open innovation occurred in the process of technology innovation. The data used in this study were those that had been collected for total 3,400 sample SMEs that had conducted R&D. and in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 SMEs located at Chungbuk-Technopark. Empirical findings can be summarized as follows; SMEs tend to search new knowledge from various external sources and to pursue to achieve innovation resources or knowledge of external innovators, because they have lack of innovation resources. therefore, the conducting of open innovation affected positively the innovation performance of SMEs. In addition, empirical findings also indicated that expanding flexibility of labor market enhances open innovation activities of SMEs.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.232-243
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• 2001

When people undergo stressful situations such as a cancer diagnosis, they ask, "why me\ulcorner" The causal attributions people make about cancer influence what kind of coping strategies are chosen. Weiner (1979) suggested three dimensions of causal attributions: focus of causality, stability, and controllability. The purpose of the present study was to test the relation between causal attributions and self-efficacy in patients with cancer. The subjects were 194 patients who had been diagnosed cancer one year ago and attended an outpatient clinic. 1. Each mean score of causal attribution dimensions (focus of control, stability, controllability) that each patient made about cancer was 2.47, 2.73, 2.86, 3.35, and 3.28. The mean score of self-efficacy was 71.03. 2. There was a significant negative correlation between self efficacy and controllability. Particularly, there was a significant negative relationship between self efficacy and external controllability. Based upon these results, it is recommended that the developing nursing interventions to change causal attribution and self-efficacy is necessary. A number of theoretical relationships and empirical finding are confirmed by this data, and future proposals in research is suggested.