• Advances in nano research
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.513-525
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• 2022

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate direct oxidation of aqueous solution containing cefalexin antibiotic with new generation Sn/Sb/Ni: 500/8/1 anode. The fact that there is no such a study on treatment of cefalexin with these new anode made this study unique. According to the operating parameters evaluation COD graphs showed clearer results compared to TOC and CLX and thus, it was it was chosen as major parameter. Furthermore, pseudo-first degree kd values were calculated from CLX results to show more accurate and specific results. Experimental results showed that after 60 min of electrochemical oxidation, complete removal of COD and TOC was accomplished with 750 mg L^-1 KCl, at pH 7, 50 mA cm^-2 current density and 1 cm anode-cathode distance. Also, the stability of the Sn/Sb/Ni anode was evaluated by taking SEM and AFM images and XRD analysis before and after of electrochemical oxidation processes. According to the results, it was not occurred too much change on the anode surface even after 300 h of electrolysis. Thus, it was thought that the anode material was not corroded to a large extent. Furthermore, the removal efficiencies were very high for almost all the time and conditions. According to the results of the study, electrochemical oxidation with new generation Sn/Sb/Ni anodes for the removal of cefalexin antibiotic was found very successful and applicable due to require less reaction time complete mineralization and doesn't require pH adjustment step compared to other studies in literature. In future studies, different antibiotic types should be studied with this anode and maybe with real wastewaters to test applicability of the process in treatment of pharmaceutical wastewaters containing antibiotics, in a better way.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2008

독성 성질을 가진 휘발성 염소계 탄소수소류의 휘발특성에 대하여 실험실 규모의 토양컬럼실험을 진행하였다. 실트점토성 토양과 사질성의 양질 토양 2개 컬럼으로부터 $12^{\circ}C$, $21^{\circ}C$의 각각 다른 조건으로 실험한 결과 총 10가지의 휘발성염소계 화학물질이 검출되었다. 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichloroethylene 그리고 chloroform은 초기 농도대비 36.7~54.6% 제거되었고 carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, tetrachloroethylene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, dichlorobromethane 그리고 dibromochloromethane는 초기 농도대비 15.3~39.3% 제거되었으며 특히 bromoform 물질의 경우 초기 농도대비 10%이하의 가장 낮은 저감 비율이 보였다. 염소계 탄화수소류 초기 농도값, 토양 성상은 휘발량에 큰 영향을 끼치지 않았다. 그러나, 온도비교에서 $12^{\circ}C$보다 $21^{\circ}C$에서 저감비율이 더 높았다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.80-86
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 광촉매담지 실리카담체 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템을 활용하여 악취 가스인 황화수소 및 휘발성유기화합물(VOC)인 에탄올 및 톨루엔이 함유된 폐가스처리를 수행하고, 그 연구결과를 상용 광촉매담지 부직포필터 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템을 활용한 연구결과와 비교 및 평가하였다. 광촉매담지 실리카담체 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템의 경우는 1단계 운전에서 에탄올 및 톨루엔의 제거율은 각각 80% 및 20% 값을 계속 유지하였으나, 에탄올의 제거율은 톨루엔과 다르게 점점 떨어져서 1단계 끝에는 제거율 40% 값을 보였다. 한편 황화수소의 제거율은 100%에서 90%로 감소하였다. 에탄올의 제거율은 2단계 운전에서 10% 값을 보여서 더욱 감소하였으나, 황화수소 및 톨루엔 제거효율은 처리대상 폐가스의 톨루엔 부하가 4배로 급격히 증가하였음에도 불구하고 제거효율이 각각 90% 및 20% 값을 그대로 유지하였다. 3단계 운전은 알루미늄 코팅된 반사막필름을 광촉매반응기에 사용한 결과로서, 에탄올 및 톨루엔의 제거율은 각각 약 5%가 증가한 15% 및 25%의 제거율을 보였다. 한편 광촉매담지 부직포필터 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템의 에탄올, 황화수소 및 톨루엔 제거율은 1단계 운전에서 각각 10%, 97% 및 100% 값을 유지하였다. 그러나 2단계 운전에서 에탄올, 황화수소 및 톨루엔 제거율은 각각 5%, 95% 및 2~3% 미만의 제거율을 보여서 에탄올과 황화수소는 제거율이 약간 저하되었으나 톨루엔의 경우에는 완전 제거에서 급락하였다. 또한 에탄올, 황화수소 및 톨루엔 모든 경우에서 반사막필름의 효과를 전혀 보지 못하였다. 따라서 상용 광촉매담지 부직포필터 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템에서 에탄올, 황화수소 및 톨루엔 제거는 부직포필터의 혐수성 VOC에 대한 흡착능에 주로 기인하였고, 광촉매 활성에 의한 제거는 광촉매담지 실리카담체 카트리지를 장착한 광촉매반응기시스템보다 훨씬 미미하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.472-478
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• 2001

Objectives : The authors present a retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive adult patients harboring craniopharyngiomas who underwent microsurgical resection between 1981 and 1999 to assess the long-term outcome of surgical treatment and to determine the most optimal management strategy. Methods : The extent of surgical removal was divided into four categories ; GTR(gross total removal), RSTR(radical subtotal removal), STR(subtotal removal),and PR(partial removal). The median follow-up period was 50 months(4-198). CT scan and/or MR imaging and hormonal status were evaluated to the last follow-up. Results : Visual disturbance was the most common presentation, which was improved in 42 cases and aggravated in 19 cases following the operation. Hypopituitarism was detected in 56 patients preoperatively, 82 during the immediate postoperative period, and 76 at the last follow-up. Improvement of pituitary function was not observed in any of these patients. Twenty of 100 patients showed recurrence at the mean of 27 months(3 to 196). The median progression-free survival(PFS) time of all patients was 145 months and 5-year PFS rate was 74%. Five-year PFS rate of GTR or RSTR group(71%) was significantly higher than that of STR or PR group(30%)(p=0.01). Postoperative radiation therapy significantly prolonged the PFS from 94 months in non-radiation group to 182 months(p=0.002). However, there was no statistical difference in number of patients who required hormonal replacement therapy between radiation and non-radiation group. Conclusion : Visual disturbance can be improved by early diagnosis and surgical decompression. GTR or RSTR in selected patients is considered a proper surgical strategy. Post-operative radiation therapy for residual tumors must be considered, although the ideal timing of radiation therapy is to be determined.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1982

회전원판접촉법(回轉圓板接觸法)에 의한 폐수처리(廢水處理)의 이해(理解)를 증진(增進)시키고 여러가지 조건(條件)의 변화(變化)에 따라 달라지는 처리효율(處理效率)을 산정(算定)하기 위하여 모형(模型)을 개발(開發)하고 Simulation을 통하여 정상상태(定常狀態)와 비정상상태(非定常狀態)에서의 모형(模型)을 분석(分析)하였다. 회전원판(回轉圓板)에 의한 기질제거모형(基質除去模型)은 용액(溶液)으로부터 미생물막내부(微生物膜內部)로의 기질전달(基質傳達)과 미생물(微生物)에 의한 기질(基質)의 분해(分解)에 의해 처리(處理)가 이루어진다고 가정(假定)하고 정립(定立)되었고 모형(模型)은 여러개의 요소(要素)로 나뉘어진 액체막(液體膜)과 미생물막(微生物膜), 그리고 용액중(溶液中)의 기질농도(基質濃度)에 관한 일련의 물질수지식(物質收支式)으로 구성(構成)된다. 정상상태(定常狀態)에서 처리효율(處理效率)은 기질(基質)의 확산계수(擴散係數)와 미생물(微生物)의 최대기질분해율(最大基質分解率)에 의해 좌우(左右)되고 확산(擴散)에 의한 영향은 용액중(溶液中)의 기질농도(基質濃度)가 낮고 최대기질분해율(最大基質分解率)이 높을 경우 현저하게 나타난다. 기질제거효율(基質除去效率)은 미생물막(微生物膜)의 두께가 얇을 때는 거의 두께에 비례(比例)하여 증가(增加)하나 두께의 증가(增加)에 따라 효율증가(效率增加)는 둔화(鈍化)되고 한계(限界)두께에 이르면 기질(基質)의 침투(浸透)가 불충분(不充分)하여 효율(效率)은 일정(一定)해진다. 비정상상태(非定常狀態)에서 유출수(流出水)의 수질(水質)은 반응조(反應槽)의 체적(體積)에 의해 영향을 받는다. 반응조(反應槽)의 체적증가(體積增加)는 첨두부하(尖頭負荷)에 대하여 첨두농도(尖頭濃度)를 낮게하는 완충효과(緩衝效果)를 나타내기 때문에 반응조(反應槽)는 균등조(均等槽)의 역할을 한다 할 수 있다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.180-182
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• 2013

We describe a case of intracranial carotid artery occlusion due to penetrating craniofacial injury by high velocity foreign body that was relieved by decompressive surgery. A 46-year-old man presented with a penetrating wound to his face. A piece of an electric angular grinder disc became lodged in the anterior skull base. Computed tomography revealed that the disc had penetrated the unilateral paraclinoid and suprasellar areas without flow of the intracranial carotid artery on the lesion side. The cavernous sinus was also compromised. Removal of the anterior clinoid process reopened the carotid blood flow, and the injection of glue into the cavernous sinus restored complete hemostasis during extraction of the fragment from the face. Digital subtraction angiography revealed complete recanalization of the carotid artery without any evidence of dissection. Accurate diagnosis regarding the extent of the compromised structures and urgent decompressive surgery with adequate hemostasis minimized the severity of penetrating damage in our patient.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.736-739
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• 2006

While hyperspectral data are very rich in information, their processing poses several challenges such as computational requirements, noise removal and relevant information extraction. In this paper, the application of advanced scale-space filtering to selected hyperspectral bands was investigated. In particular, a pre-processing tool, consisting of anisotropic diffusion and morphological leveling filtering, has been developed, aiming to an edge-preserving smoothing and simplification of hyperspectral data, procedures which are of fundamental importance during feature extraction and object detection. Two scale space parameters define the extent of image smoothing (anisotropic diffusion iterations) and image simplification (scale of morphological levelings). Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed scale space filtering for the enhancement and smoothing of hyperspectral remote sensing data and their advantage against watershed over-segmentation problems and edge detection.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.201-209
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• 1982

An enzyme, named GTP cyclohydorlase, that catalizes the hydrolytic removal of carbon No.S of GTP has been partially purified from extracts of Pseudomonas putida (IAM 1506). The enzyme exists in two molecuar weight forms : a high molecular weight form (150,000) and a low molecular weight from (40,000). The high molecular weight form has been purified 25-fold. Some of the properties of the enzyme are as follows : It functions optimally at pH8.0, and at $52^{\circ}C$. The Km value for GTP is $20{\mu}M$. Divalent cations $(Cd^{2+}\;and\;Hg^{2+})$ 2+/) at a concentration of 5mM inhibit completely the enzyme activity. No metal ion including $Mg^{2+}$ is needed for the catalysis. The enzyme is heat labile ; its half at $57^{\circ}C$ is 1.5 min. Of a number of nucleotides tested, only GDP was used to any extent as substrbte in place of GTP. One of the products of the enzyme is determined to be a dihydro-neopterin compound.

• 한국공작기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국공작기계학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집 - 한국공작기계학회
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• pp.197-203
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• 1999

Stainless steels in general has passive film having strong corrosion resistance on surface. Therefore it must be necessarily removed by etching in mixing solution of sulfuric and chloric acid before Nitriding treatment. But in the ion nitriding, nitride layer was easily formed because passive film was removed without difficult by sputtering effect. The removal extent of these passive films was greatly effected by gas mixing ratios and pressure and holding times of pre sputtering factors in pre sputtering stage. As a results of experiment it has been known that pre sputtering pressure and holding time was not nearly effective on the formation behavior of nitride layer. But when A/H2 gas mixing ratios was 1/2 (vol%) was the most effective of the all pre sputtering conditions. It was resulted from the combination of mechanical reaction byArgon bombardment and chemical reaction by reduction of hydrogen on the passive film.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.300-304
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• 2011

Phytases are hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze the sequential hydrolysis of phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate) to myo-inositols with lower numbers of phosphate groups. Two types of phytases have been identified which initiate hydrolysis of the phytic acid at either the 3- or 6- position of the inositol ring. In the present investigation, a mathematical model was proposed and computed to estimate maximum enzyme reaction rate constants which fit the experimental data obtained by other authors. Although the data points were scattered to some extent, good agreement was found between the model and the experiment data. It appears that the maximum rate constants of removal of the first, second, and third phosphate groups were not equal. Also there was neither a steady trend upward or downward in the rate constants with the stepwise hydrolysis reactions.