• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 2017

The flowering season of jujube (Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis (Bunge) Rehder) is overlaps with the rainy season and the abnormal weather conditions in Korea, thereby affecting pollination, fertilization, and fruit setting. We studied the pollinating activities of Apis mellifera L. and Bombus terrestris L. in rain shelter houses and their effects on fruit setting, with the ultimate aim of stabilizing fruit setting in Z. jujuba. A. mellifera and B. terrestirs were used for pollination in jujube orchard in the rain shelter house for approximately 55 days from June 1, 2016, to July 25, 2016. The peak time of the rate of outgoing and incoming A. mellifera was recorded in the afternoon. However, the diurnal activity of B. terrestris was constant between 09:30 and 17:30 h. The rate of jujube fruit set on current shoots by A. mellifera and B. terrestirs was 10.2 and 8.9%, whereas that in plots with no pollinators was 5.5%. Therefore, using pollinator in the rain shelter house in jujube orchard is effective in promoting jujube fruit setting.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2015

This research was conducted to analyze flavonoids in juice and to investigate correlation between 60 germplasms of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) on the basis of the result of flavonoid analysis. Juice of satsuma mandarin contained 6 flavonoids, 2 flavanones such as narirutin and hesperidin, 1 flavone such as rutin and 3 polymethoxylated flavones such as sinensetin, tangeretin and nobiletin. Hesperidin content ranged from 41 to 196 mg/L. Narirutin content ranged from 25 to 230 mg/L. The average of rutin content was 2.2 mg/L but it was not detected in some cultivars. Polymethoxylated flavone which is known as a citrus specific flavonoid, was detected in all germplasms in small quantities. Cluster analysis using R program (Version 3.1.1) was carried out with the results of the flavonoid analysis and harvesting time of satsuma mandarin germplasms. All germplasms were grouped as A, B1 or B2. But all 3 groups contained very early-ripening type, early-ripening type and commonly-ripening type cultivars. This showed there was no correlation between flavonoids in juce and their harvest time.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2003

In order to develop effective control methods for Bakanae disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi (Saito) Ito during rearing of rice seedlings, we investigated the disease resistance of 15 rice varieties to G. fujikuroi and control effect of six seed disinfectants, and tried to improve the using methods of the seed disinfectants. Disease resistance was tested by investigating the disease incidence on each rice cultivar grown in rice seedling box infested with or not infested with G. fujikuroi at 30 days after sowing seeds and 20 days after heading date. The results showed that Hwayongbyeo, Dongjinbyeo, Hwoanbyeo, Nonghobyeo, Nampyeongbyeo, and Hwojinbyeo were resistant G. fujikuroi, meanwhile Keulubyeo, Sobibyeo, Odaebyeo, Junambyeo, Samchonebyeo, Sangjubyeo, and Hwabongbyeo were susceptible. Three seed disinfectants, prochloraz, fludioxonil, and carproamid + thiram + fludioxonil controlled Bakanae disease of rice very well, while bonomyl + thiram, thiophanate-methyl + thiram and thiophanate-methyl + triflumizole did not suppress the disease enough. Water temperature was turned to be an important factor for controlling the disease by treating seed disinfectants. Prochloraz showed 61% control value on the disease at $10^{\circ}C$, but it showed above 95% control value at the range of $30-35^{\circ}C$. It was confirmed that the control effect of seed disinfectants increased with increasing water temperature. Meanwhile soaking period of rice seeds in the suspension of seed disinfectants and chemical dosage had no high relation to control the disease. This results suggest that rice varieties, water temperature, and optimal selection of suitable seed disinfectants are very important to control Bakanae disease effectively.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.348-354
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• 2011

This study was conducted to find the levels of reduction in rice yield and to determine economic threshold levels as affected by densities of Scirpus planiculmis and Lindernia dubia in wet seeding rice cultivation. In wet seeding rice cultivation, yield of rice in densities of S. planiculmis (192 per $m^2$) and L. dubia (384 per $m^2$) was reduced by 43 and 22%, respectively. Relationship between rice yield and densities of weeds were predicted with these equations of Y=531.3kg/(1+0.003931x), $r^2$=0.964 for S. planiculmis and Y=547.0kg/(1+0.000792x), $r^2$=0.922 for L. dubia. According to Cousens' method, economic threshold densities of S. planiculmis and L. dubia were calculated by 7.2 and 34.9 per $m^2$, respectively. This result indicated that yield of rice in wet seeding rice cultivation could be reduced by over economic threshold densities of S. planiculmis and L. dubia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of International Agriculture
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.507-512
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical characteristics of different organic liquid fertilizer during fermentation at plastic house in Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Service. Chicken dung, soybean meal, and rice bran were used for nutrient sources. The obtained results from this study were summarized as follows; Total nitrogen contained the highest in soybean meal as 55 mg·kg^-1, and phosphate and potassium contained high in chicken dung and rice bran in organic liquid fertilizer materials. The pH of chicken dung was near 7.0, that of soybean meal and rice bran indicated acidity(pH 3.8~4.4). The electrical conductivity of chicken dung consistently increased during fermentation, and that of soybean meal and rice bran increased and decreased early season and increased at late incubation period. Hydrogen sulfide gas occurrence of chicken dung was 3,200 mg·L^-1 at early season and 1,600 mg·L^-1 at late incubation period, and that of soybean meal and rice bran treatments were not or very low concentration of hydrogen sulfide gas during manufacturing period. The nitrogen and calcium content of organic liquid fertilizer were the higher in chicken dung and soybean meal than rice bran. The phosphate and magnesium content of rice bran was the high as 5.6 g·kg^-1 and 1.5 g·kg^-1, respectively. There was no difference in potassium content among the different liquid fertilizers during fermentation.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2021

로즈마리(Rosmarinus officinalis)는 지중해 지역이 원산이고 꿀풀과에 속하는 다년생 식물로 자생지에서는 식물의 크기가 2m까지 자라는 관목성 식물이다. 식용, 약용, 미용, 향료뿐 아니라 관상용으로도 널리 이용되고 있고 특히 향이 좋아 세계 로즈마리 추출물 시장은 연평균 4.8%씩 증가하여 2027년에는 10억 달러를 넘을 것으로 예측된다. 우리나라도 소비 트렌드 변화에 따른 이용성 확대로 신선허브의 수요가 증가하고 있으나 아직은 허브 식물원료의 대부분을 수입에 의존하고 있고, 로즈마리 역시 식물원료뿐 아니라 가공품까지 외국에서 수입하여 사용하는 실정이다. 2018년 로즈마리 수입량은 신선상태 978kg, 건조상태 23,404kg으로 높은 수입의존에 따른 가격 상승과 긴 유통기간에 의한 품질 저하 등의 문제가 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 로즈마리 어린 순 재배 적정 삽수 길이를 설정하고 어린 순 생산 가능 기간을 구명하여 추후에 고품질 로즈마리 어린 순 집약생산을 위한 다단재배기술을 확립하고자 수행되었다. 삽수 길이는 5, 10, 15cm로 하였고, 삽목 시기는 4월 하순 ~ 8월 하순까지 30일 간격으로 5회 실시하였다. 적정 삽수 길이 설정 실험에서는 15cm 삽수 발근률이 85.6%로 가장 높았으며 신초 출현시기는 5월 26일, 어린 순 생산시기는 6월 23일로 가장 빨랐고 수확시까지 소요일수는 56일로 가장 짧았다. 기대수량 또한 728g/m²로 가장 높았다. 로즈마리 어린 순 생산 가능 기간 구명 실험에서는 4월 28일 삽목시 발근율이 85.6%로 가장 높았고 육묘기간은 28일 어린 순 생산까지 소요일수는 56일로 가장 짧았다. 삽목 시기별 어린 순 품질 및 생산량은 4월 28일 삽목시 품질이 좋았으며 기대수량 또한 728g/m²로 가장 높았다. 결과적으로 상품성 있는 어린순 생산에 적합한 삽수 길이는 15cm, 삽목 시기는 4월 하순 경에 했을 때, 로즈마리의 생육상태, 수확까지의 기간, 어린 순 생산량 등 종합적인 면에서 가장 우수한 값을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.70-79
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• 2020

Objective: We evaluated the efficacy of a newly-developed spinal orthoses (V-LSO) by comparing the stabilizing effect, abdominal pressure, and comfort of 3 different semirigid LSOs (classic LSO, V-LSO, and Cybertech^®) during various body movements. Method: Thirty healthy volunteers (23~47 years, 24 males, 6 females) were selected. A dual inclinometer measured the range of motion (ROM) while the participants performed flexion/extension and lateral flexion of the lumbar spine with 3 LSOs. The LSO's pressure on the abdominal surface was measured using 9 pressure sensors while lying, sitting, standing, flexion/extension, lateral flexion, axial rotation, and lifting a box. Comfort and subjective immobilization were analyzed by a questionnaire. Results: V-LSO had a statistically significant effect on flexion over Cybertech^®. No significant differences were noted during extension and lateral flexion between the 3 LSOs. The abdominal pressure showed no significant differences while supine. While sitting, standing, and lifting a box, the mean abdominal pressure for V-LSO were significantly higher than those for Cybertech^®. During lumbar flexion, the mean abdominal pressures for classic LSO and V-LSO were significantly higher than that of Cybertech^®. For extension, lateral flexion and axial rotation, the abdominal pressure for V-LSO was significantly higher than those of classic LSO and Cybertech^®. In the subjective analysis, V-LSO and Cybertech^® scored best for comfort. Conclusion: The V-LSO and Cybertech^® were more comfortable than the classic LSO, and hence, may have improved compliance with decreased discomfort. V-LSO may be superior to the other LSOs in restricting lumbar movement and increasing intraabdominal pressure.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.399-417
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• 2017

The recent globalization of the consumer market has highlighted the importance of a brand; subsequently, brand extension is strategically used to launch of various products and services. Especially, various and new services based on information and communication technology for the convenience of consumers have been provided continuously. This study examined consumer's evaluation for brand extension centered on the brand extension as a mobile payment service through consumer propensity and familiarity as well as attitude toward a brand. The research is as follows. First, it shows that self-efficacy and implicit theories among consumer characteristics positively influence familiarity and attitude toward a brand. Second, it shows that the planned consumption tendency among consumption characteristics of a consumer positively affect familiarity toward a brand. Third, it is confirmed that the brand extension on parents brand affects the attitude towards brand extension, and the attitude towards brand extension is connected to a willingness to recommend through the purchase intention. This study empirically confirms the importance of consumer propensity, the consumer's perception, and evaluation towards the brand extension of the company as well as the continuous efforts and required company activities to build and form a positive attitude and familiarity of consumers for the brand. This study can be used as basic data for the strategy development of brand extensions in service companies.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.267-283
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• 2003

The purposes of the study were to; 1) examine the diffusion and adoption of new agricultural technology in rice farming, 2) survey the status of agricultural education institutions on technology transfer, and 3) explore the linkages between agricultural education and extension for more effective reinforcement strategies to further the diffusion and adoption of new agricultural technology in Korea. Literature review, field survey and panel discussions were employed to strengthen the linkages among agricultural education, research and extension in Korea. As the results of analysis of the diffusion and adoption of new agricultural technology in rice farming following recommendations were offered; 1. Extension services have helped Korean farmers in achieving self-sufficiency in rice and year-round supply of green vegetables as well as upbringing rural youth, however, government changed the status of extension educators from central government staff to county/city government staff since 1997. This brought about various problems such as: decreased morale and number of extension educators, thus weakening the extension education function, weakened linkages between national and local extension offices, less opportunity for in-service education of extension educators, and weakened linkages between agricultural research and extension, etc. 2. In order to insure that extension educators are high caliber professional individuals, it is crucial to establish a system that nationally recognizes these individuals as such, and that provides a professional development path. It is important to restore the morale of extension educators to continually achieve the national goals of food production, balanced national development and preservation of environment, at the same time to meet increasing needs of farmers. 3. Because of the critical importance of diffusing innovations to agricultural producers in order to ensure quality and steady food supply, it is crucial that these issues be addressed before the extension service further deteriorates. Further research activities on agricultural extension should be conducted for more effective agricultural extension system in Korea to achieve a greater rural, national and regional development. 4. Research and implementation activities should be emphasized and encouraged to improve the cooperation and collaboration among agricultural education research and extension to better serve farmers' educational and information needs. National level research activities should be encouraged to improve the effectiveness of agricultural technology transfer including internet education programs for farmers in Korea.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.215-231
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• 2002

The objectives of this study were (1) to measure the level of satisfaction on rural for local public service. (2) and analyse variables related to the public service. Reviewing the literature and related studies for theoretical framework, Six criteria characterize public service : (1) responsiveness. (2) convenience, (3) speed, (4) correctness, (5) pleasantness, (6) equality, which are reflected in the instrument of this study. By the results of analysis, two dimensions (convenience, responsiveness) and total satisfaction are related to their residential lengths of the same rural area. For the total public service satisfaction gender, age, educational level, income level, occupation, and residential years explained in 13.3% For the convenience dimension their variables accounted for 22.4%. For responsiveness dimension their variables interpreted in 23.2%. For speed and correctness dimension their variables explained in 21.6%. For pleasantness dimension their variables accounted for local public services in 15.3%. For equality dimension their variables explained in 16.2%.