• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제18C권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2011

최근 스마트폰의 인기로 인해 무선 멀티인터페이스를 이용한 네트워킹 서비스에 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이로 인해 무선 멀티인터페이스 지원을 위한 네트워킹 기술 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 이와 관련된 연구로써 IETF NetExt WG 에서 Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) 기반 멀티인터페이스 지원 기술에 대한 표준 기술이 논의 중에 있다. 기존 PMIPv6 프로토콜은 멀티 인터페이스 이동 노드가 PMIPv6 도메인에서 접속시 멀티인터페이스를 이용하여 동시 접속 및 인터페이스 사이에서의 핸드오버 지원을 위한 기본 기능을 제공하고 있다. 하지만 기존 프로토콜이 가진 기능은 동시 접속 후 이동 노드가 Inter-Technology Handover을 수행한 후 동시 접속 상황이 불가능하게 되는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 기존 프로토콜을 통한 플로우 기반의 멀티 호밍 서비스가 제공되지 못한다. 본 논문에서는 멀티인터페이스 이동 노드가 PMIPv6 도메인에 접속하는 시나리오에서 언급한 문제점을 정의하고 이를 해결하기 위한 방안으로 Hybrid Home Network Prefix 할당 방법을 제안한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.597-609
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• 2020

Accident Tolerant Fuels have been widely studied since the Fukushima-Daiichi accident in 2011 as one of the options on how to further enhance the safety of nuclear power plants. Deposition of protective coatings on nuclear fuel claddings has been considered as a near-term concept that will reduce the high-temperature oxidation rate and enhance accidental tolerance of the cladding while providing additional benefits during normal operation and transients. This study focuses on experimental testing of Zr-based alloys coated with Cr-based coatings using Physical Vapour Deposition. The results of long-term corrosion tests, as well as tests simulating postulated accidents, are presented. Zr-1%Nb alloy used as nuclear fuel cladding serves as a substrate and Cr, CrN, Cr_xN_y layers are deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering and reactive magnetron sputtering. The deposition procedures are optimized in order to improve coating properties. Coated as well as reference uncoated samples were experimentally tested. The presented results include standard long-term corrosion tests at 360℃ in WWER water chemistry, burst (creep) tests and mainly single and double-sided high-temperature steam oxidation tests between 1000 and 1400℃ related to postulated Loss-of-coolant accident and Design extension conditions. Coated and reference samples were characterized pre- and post-testing using mechanical testing (microhardness, ring compression test), Thermal Evolved Gas Analysis analysis (hydrogen, oxygen concentration), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (EDS, WDS, EBSD) and X-ray diffraction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권7호
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• pp.1545-1556
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• 2020

Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed the Mesh-type Reference Computational Phantoms (MRCPs) for adult male and female to overcome the limitations of the current Voxel-type Reference Computational Phantoms (VRCPs) described in ICRP Publication 110 due to the limited voxel resolutions and the nature of voxel geometry. In our previous study, the MRCPs were used to calculate the dose coefficients (DCs) for idealized external exposures of photons and electrons. The present study is an extension of the previous study to include three additional particles (i.e., neutrons, protons, and helium ions) into the DC library by conducting Monte Carlo radiation transport simulations with the Geant4 code. The calculated MRCP DCs were compared with the reference DCs of ICRP Publication 116 which are based on the VRCPs, to appreciate the impact of the new reference phantoms on the DC values. We found that the MRCP DCs of organ/tissue doses and effective doses were generally similar to the ICRP-116 DCs for neutrons, whereas there were significant DC differences up to several orders of magnitude for protons and helium ions due mainly to the improved representation of the detailed anatomical structures in the MRCPs over the VRCPs.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.52-64
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• 1999

QoS monitoring is a kind of real-time systems which allows each level of the system to track the ongoing QoS levels achieved by the lower network layers. For these systems, real-time communications between corresponding transport protocol objects is essential for their correct behavior. When two or more entities are employed to perform a certain task as in the case of communication protocols, the capability to do so is called interoperability and considered as the essential aspect of correctness of communication systems. This paper describes a formal approach on modeling and interoperability test case generation of a real-time QoS monitoring protocol. For this, we specify the behavior of flow monitoring of transport layer QoS protocol, i.e., METS protocol, which is proposed to address QoS from an end-to-end's point of view, based on QoS architecture model which includes ATM net work in lower layers. We use a real-time Input/Output finite State Machine to model the behavior of real-time flow monitoring over time. From the modeled real-time I/OFSM, we generate interoperability test cases to check the correctness of METS protocol's flow monitoring behaviors for two end systems. A new approach to efficient interoperability testing is described and the method of interoperability test cases generation is shown with the example of METS protocol's flow monitoring. The current TTCN is not appropriate for testing real-time and multimedia systems. Because test events in TTCN are for message-based system and not for stream-based systems, the real-time in TTCN can only be approximated. This paper also proposes the notation of real-time Abstract Test Suite by means of real-time extension of TTCN. This approach gives the advantages that only a few syntactical changes are necessary, and TTCN and real-time TTCN are compatible. This formal approach on interoperability testing can be applied to the real-time protocols related to IMT-2000, B-ISDN and real-time systems.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2007

무선 센서 네트워크에서 클러스터링 프로토콜의 목적은 각 센서 노드의 에너지 소모를 최소화하여 네트워크의 생존 시간을 최대화 하는 것이다. 그러나 기존의 클러스터링 프로토콜은 센서 노드, 클러스터 헤드와 싱크 노드 사이의 통신방법을 제외하고 주로 클러스터를 구성하는 것에만 초점을 맞추고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 클러스터링 프로토콜에 다중경로 라우팅 알고리즘을 적용하고, MAC 계층과 네트워크 계층 간의 cross-layer 설계를 이용하여 에너지 효율적인 클러스터링 프로토콜을 제안한다. 여기에서 다중경로 정보는 싱크로부터의 경로 요구 패킷을 네트워크에 전파시킴으로서 설정되며 또한 다중경로에 대한 정보는 무선채널의 브로드캐스팅 특징과 결합하여 데이터의 전송 확률을 증가시킨다. 실험 결과에 의하면 제안한 프로토콜이 클러스터 헤드의 부하를 낮춤으로써 무선 센서 네트워크의 생존 시간을 늘려주고, 네트워크 크기의 증가에 따라 에너지 소비의 증가율이 다소 낮아지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1085-1098
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• 2011

In the $21^{st}$ century, technology is a tool for the expansion of the five senses and physical ability that works as an element for posthuman identity. This study analyzes and theorizes on the characteristics of the posthuman body in fashion illustration. The method of this study analyzes documentaries about posthuman and fashion illustration. The results are as follow. Posthuman body types are classed as hybrid body, plastic surgery body, and digital body. The characteristics of the posthuman body are categorized as ultra- functional prosthetic, mythical undifferentiated, radical plastic surgery type and post-physical digitization type. The ultra-functional prosthetic type shows a restored body and upgraded functional body through a machine hybrid, cyborg suit and mannequin hybrid. It is a break from classical gender identity to form a nerve sense extension that displays physical and abstract power. The mythical undifferentiated type shows a therianthropic form, parts of an animal body, radical skin and gender bending. It represents the return to an undifferentiated world, the desire of a powerful being and the possibility of radical transformation. The radical plastic surgery type shows a photomontage of an ideal body, transgendered body, grotesque body marking, absence of partial or overall face organ and the expansion of abnormal body organs. It represents the expression of narcissism, unconscious desire, fantasy, fear and suggests an alternative ideality, sexual attachment and ambiguous gender identity. The post-physical digitization type shows an imperfect form or duplicated ego image through the omission of the body silhouette or detailed form, fragmented image using net, representative self like optical illusion using typography, an imperfect vague silhouette and immaterial body outline through the use of virtual light. It represents the lack of desire, narcissism, fluidity in a virtual space, the continued creation of a new self, ambiguous gender identity and the liberation of environment, sex, and race. Likewise, the posthuman in fashion illustration shows the absence of a species boundary, destruction of classical gender identity, a new personality and virtual self image.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2018

It is important to clarify the characteristics of flow regimes underlying the debris bed formation behavior that might be encountered in core disruptive accidents of sodium-cooled fast reactors. Although in our previous publications, by applying dimensional analysis technique, an empirical model, with its reasonability confirmed over a variety of parametric conditions, has been successfully developed to predict the regime transition and final bed geometry formed, so far this model is restricted to predictions of debris mixtures composed of spherical particles. Focusing on this aspect, in this study a new series of experiments using nonspherical particles have been conducted. Based on the knowledge and data obtained, an extension scheme is suggested with the purpose of extending the base model to cover the particle-shape influence. Through detailed analyses and given our current range of experimental conditions, it is found that, by coupling the base model with this scheme, respectable agreement between experiments and model predictions for the regime transition can be achieved for both spherical and nonspherical particles. Knowledge and evidence from our work might be utilized for the future improvement of design of an in-vessel core catcher as well as the development and verification of sodium-cooled fast reactor severe accident analysis codes in China.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.148-164
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• 2017

The focus on the issues surrounding spent nuclear fuel and lifetime extension of old nuclear power plants continues to grow nowadays. A transparent decision-making process to identify the best suitable nuclear fuel cycle (NFC) is considered to be the key task in the current situation. Through this study, an attempt is made to develop an equilibrium model for the NFC to calculate the material flows based on 1 TWh of electricity production, and to perform integrated multicriteria decision-making method analyses via the analytic hierarchy process technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation, and multiattribute utility theory methods. This comparative study is aimed at screening and ranking the three selected NFC options against five aspects: sustainability, environmental friendliness, economics, proliferation resistance, and technical feasibility. The selected fuel cycle options include pressurized water reactor (PWR) once-through cycle, PWR mixed oxide cycle, or pyroprocessing sodium-cooled fast reactor cycle. A sensitivity analysis was performed to prove the robustness of the results and explore the influence of criteria on the obtained ranking. As a result of the comparative analysis, the pyroprocessing sodium-cooled fast reactor cycle is determined to be the most competitive option among the NFC scenarios.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2018

A 25-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with a painful and swollen right forearm. She had just sustained an injury from an accident during which her arm was tightly wound by a rope as she was lowering a net from a fishing boat. Before being released, her arm was rigidly trapped in the rope for approximately ten minutes. Radiographs revealed anterior dislocation of the radial head that was accompanied by plastic deformation of the proximal ulna, manifested as a reversal of the proximal dorsal angulation of the ulna (PUDA); suggested a Monteggia equivalent fracture. With the patient under general anesthesia, we reduced the radial head by posterior compression at $90^{\circ}$ of elbow flexion and at neutral rotation of the forearm. However, the reduction was easily lost and the elbow re-dislocated with even slight supination or extension of the arm. After the osteotomy of the ulnar deformity to restore the PUDA to normal, the reduction remained stable even with manipulation of the arm. We found that the patient could exercise a full range of motion without pain at the 3-month follow-up, and neither residual instability nor degenerative changes were observed at the final 3-year follow-up.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.5906-5913
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• 2015

이 논문의 목적은 비닐하우스의 결합기술에 대한 수용효과와 보완성을 분석하는 것이다. 분석대상 기술은 10m 이상 하우스, polyolefin 필름, 권취환기, 15온스 이상 보온덮개 등 네 가지이며, 분석결과는 다음과 같이 요약된다. 첫째, 10m 이상 하우스, PO필름, 권취환기, 15온스 이상 보온덮개의 기술들이 단독으로 수용되었을 경우, 그리고 10m 이상 하우스와 권취환기의 기술결합, 10m 이상 하우스와 15온스 이상 보온덮개의 기술결합에서 순수익이 증가한다. 둘째, 권취환기를 활용하고 있는 경우, 10m 이상 하우스와 PO필름을 수용한다면 보완적 효과를 가져 올 수 있다. 셋째, 10m 이상 하우스와 권취환기는 항상 보완성을 가지는 조합으로 분석된다. 넷째, 10m 이상 하우스와 15온스 이상 보온덮개 기술조합은 PO필름과 권취환기를 모두 활용하지 않는 경우 보완적이다. 본 연구의 결과는 정부의 기술보급 정책에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.