• 무역학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.119-132
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• 2020

In this paper we explore the two analyses to know the urbanization effect on trade. First, the granger causality test to examine the relationship between trade and urbanization. The Granger causality test is a statistical hypothesis test for determining whether one time series is useful for forecasting another. The results indicated that the existence of a bidirectional causality running from trade to urbanization when six lags were applied. When eight lags were applied, we found unidirectional causality running from urbanization to trade. Second, gravity models were used to investigate the urbanization effect on trade. The production cost and specification are affected by the economies of scale, and the economies of scale increased as the greater geographically agglomeration. However, the gravity model to explain the bilateral trade flows ignores the urbanization variables. Therefore we added the urbanization variable represented as the geographically agglomeration into gravity model. The results show that the degree of urbanization of both countries has statistically positive effect on trade (export and import) and the bigger coefficients of trade partner's urbanization. The reason is that the trade share of industrial supplies, intermediate goods and capital goods is much higher than finished consumer goods. The urbanization is more important the improved the efficiency of production than demand market.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.345-364
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 DDA 환경상품 무역자유화 협상에 대비하여 세계 주요국과 우리나라의 환경산업 제품에 대한 무역구조를 분석하였다. OECD에서 제안한 161종의 환경상품 리스트를 기반으로 2002년부터 2011년까지 10년간 전 세계 환경상품의 무역 통계를 조사하였다. 환경산업의 세계 무역규모는 2002년 4,639억 달러에서 2011년 1조4,778억 달러로 3배 이상 증가하였다. 우리나라의 2011년 환경상품의 세계시장 점유율은 3.2%이며, 무역특화지수는 -0.128, 현시비교우위지수는 1.002이며 세계시장에서 일본과 수출경합도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서 우리나라의 환경상품의 국제경쟁력은 무역규모에 비해 국제경쟁력이 상대적으로 약한 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 향후 지속될 DDA 환경상품 자유화 협상에서 우리나라는 환경상품의 유예기간 설정 등 단계별 무역자유화 추진과 국내 산업의 경쟁력 향상을 위해 노력해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.20-37
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to analyze the trade structure and competitiveness of China's information technology (IT) industry in comparison to that of Korea and the United States, particularly in terms of quality. Design/methodology/approach - Indices such as trade specialization index (TSI), Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), and Market Comparative Advantage (MCA) are used. Further, an Intra-industry Trade (IIT) index is used to analyze qualitative changes in horizontal intra-industry trade and intra-industry trade of high- and low-quality goods. Findings - China's IT industry has a comparative competitive advantage over that of Korea and the United States, and mainly exports goods of inferior quality and imports goods of superior quality. Further, China's horizontal intra-industry trade has been decreasing, while its vertical intra-industry trade has been increasing and vertical trade of inferior quality goods outweighs that of superior quality goods. This shows that China is rapidly catching up with Korea and the United States, even though its qualitative competitiveness has not significantly improved. Research limitations/implication - This study has academic and political implications, as it analyzes changes in China's IT trade competitiveness. However, it is somewhat limited as factors determining qualitative aspects has not been considered. Originality/value - Most studies aggregate analyses of export competitiveness using methodologies such as TSI, RCA, and market share. However, the focus of these methods is price competitiveness. Hence, an examination of the objective and qualitative trade competitiveness of China's IT industry is necessary. this study the trade structure and quantitative competitiveness of the industry by analyzing intra-industry trade focusing on the quality of competitiveness. Therefore, the changes in China's IT industry in the USA and Korea and in foreign trade competitiveness and quality competitiveness are clarified. The results show that the academic and policy implications of these changes in the IT industry will be a useful resource. This is the first study in Korea to attempt such an analysis. This is the first study in Korea to attempt such an analysis.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the welfare effects of standards harmonization between technologically asymmetric countries, and to determine optimal harmonization strategies for a country with mid-level technological advancement. Design/methodology - Following Salop's circular city model (Salop, 1979), this study constructs a simple, horizontally-differentiated oligopoly model in which three firms and three countries exist. Each country adopts different compatibility standards and each firm incurs conversion costs for foreign market access due to differences in standards. The conversion costs are related to technology; standards harmonization removes these costs between participating countries. The paper considers three cases: i) no harmonization; ii) harmonization with the more technologically-advanced country and iii) harmonization with the less technologically-advanced country. Findings - The paper first considers a scenario in which all three firms occupy some share of the market in each country. It shows that standards harmonization with both the technologically moreor less-advanced country always increases consumer surplus and social welfare. In addition, the producer surplus will increase if the harmonization partner has a higher technology level, whereas it may decrease if the partner has a lower technology level. It also shows that if most domestic export goods are in sectors with conversion costs above a certain level, harmonizing standards with a technologically more-advanced country should be prioritized. Such strategies, moreover, should be emphasized when there exists a large technology gap among countries. Lastly, the paper considers another scenario, in which harmonization leads to the foreclosure of the non-member firm from the member countries' markets. It shows that harmonization improves the social welfare of a mid-level technology country regardless of its partner's technology. It also shows that the country should prioritize harmonization with the technologically less-advanced country. Originality/value - Though some of the existing studies consider the welfare effects of harmonization, their main assumption is that firms have the same conversion technology. Since complying with standards often requires substantial technological advancement and technical expertise, harmonization of compatibility standards between countries with gaps in technological ability carries different implications. This paper investigates the welfare effects of this harmonization and determines an optimal harmonization strategy while considering technological asymmetry among countries in standards compliance.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2023

Purpose - This research focused on women who enjoy watching Korean dramas and K-pop, as well as how their desire to imitate are influenced by their viewing habits. Due to the influence of their idols, women who aspire to copy and are influenced by their idols will desire to purchase Korean products. This cultural export strategy has effectively persuaded the global community, particularly women. Indonesia with a large population can be a reference for the industry to increase sales of South Korean beauty products, especially in the ASEAN region. Design/methodology - This research used a quantitative approach with an online questionnaire. This questionnaire had two steps: the pre-questionnaire and the questionnaire itself. The different measuring tools that were already in use when the data were being collected helped to determine how much each variable meant. As a part of this research project, 410 Indonesian women filled out the questionnaire in order to share their thoughts as they were the focus of the study. SMART PLS was used to analyze the data. Findings - One of the most essential findings from establishing the Korean Wave effect on purchase intention was the imitation intention variable. Someone who has the aspiration to be just like their idol will be willing to give anything in order to achieve that goal. One strategy is to buy things that are similar to the ones you want to imitate in order to stimulate demand for Korean products. People's imitation intention and attitude toward Korean products will increase as a result of Korean drama and K-pop elements that display one's idols with fashionable appearances and good-looking faces, which will lead to purchase intentions. Originality/value - The Korean Wave has had a beneficial impact on the intention to imitate and the attitude toward Korean items, both of which will favorably boost the intention to acquire Korean goods. In order to boost sales in international markets, particularly in Indonesia, the Korean business sector needs to increase the number of artists and singers it employs for product promotion. . Mutualism effect between the government, the entertainment industry, and the beauty product industry to increase sales of South Korean beauty products.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2023

본 연구는 농촌진흥청에서 육성한 백승과 국외 수집자원(KMCC02260)을 모본으로 하여 단핵균주를 분리 후 mon-mon교잡을 통해 '백운' 품종을 육성하였다. 균사배양 특성은 25℃에서 두 품종의 균사생장이 가장 좋았으며 15, 25℃에서 백운의 균사생장 속도가 대조품종보다 더 빨랐으며 배지별 시험에서도 모든 배지에서 백운의 균사생장이 우수하였다. 톱밥 병에 접종 후 균사 배양기간은 백운이 2일, 초발이일수도 1일 더 빨라 전체적인 생육기간을 단축시켰으며 수량은 228.0±10.9 g/병(850 ml)으로 대조품종 대비 8.3% 증수하였다. 백운의 형태적인 특성은 갓이 크고 대가 굵으며 갓이 순백색이었다. 대치배양과 유전적 다형성 검정 결과, 백운이 두 모본과 대조품종과 유전적으로 다르다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed in order to obtain basic data for policy development and R&D to sharpen competitiveness in domestic agricultural machinery industry by analyzing the recent status of demand and supply for tractor, rice transplanter(riding type), and combine. Methods: Basic data from 199,275 units of tractor, rice transplanter (riding type), and combine was offered by the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation and Korea Agricultural Machinery Industry Cooperative. Those agricultural machines were supplied by the government's loan support from 2003 to 2012. Results: Recent supply of tractor is only 13,000 units or so per annum, thereby being stagnated. Rice transplanter and combine in 2012 corresponded to 3,810 units and 2,490 units, respectively. The domestic market share of the imported agricultural machinery accounted for 60.0% in tractor, 99.5% in saddle rice transplanter, and 80.9% in combine, thereby having been sharply increased 33.1%p, 42.0%p and 53.6%p compared to the ones in 2003. Life spans of tractor, combine and saddle rice transplanter are 3.7, 3.7 and 4.2 years, respectively. Among the discontinued models, the one less than 300 units supplied was occupied up to 70~85%. Conclusions: The domestic demand and the export expansion are needed through developing a model of agricultural machinery of having competitiveness to domestically activate agricultural machinery industry.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 유럽의 제조업 혁신의 발원지인 독일의 제조업 혁신 추진 전략을 살펴봄으로써 한국이 추진하고 있는 제조업 3.0을 성공적으로 추진하기 위한 전략적 함의를 제시하고자 한다. 현재 한국 경제의 잠재성장력은 점점 약화되어 왔으며, 신흥국과의 기술격차가 점차 감소되고 있어, 국가 경제의 경쟁력 제고를 위한 국가적인 노력이 필요한 상황이다. 신흥국의 성장은 제조업의 수출수요를 유발하여 새로운 기회 요인이 되고 있지만, 시장점유율을 놓고 후발개도국과 치열한 경쟁을 벌여야 하는 한국에게는 위협요인이기도 하다. 유사하게 유럽의 장기적인 경기침체와 신흥국의 부상에도 불구하고 여전히 높은 수준의 산업경쟁력을 유지하고 있는 독일은 바로 이러한 점에서 국내 제조업 발전 정책의 추진 및 개선에 시사점을 제공해 줄 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.283-302
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• 2009

본 연구는 본격적인 개방시대에 즈음하여 우리나라 수산업의 교역 현황과 수산업의 수출입 비중이 높은 대중국 수산업 경쟁력 분석을 실시하고, 수산물 유통구조의 문제점 및 수산업 발전을 위한 선진화 방안을 도출함을 연구의 목적으로 한다. 우리나라의 수산업 유통체계를 저비용 고효율 체제로 개선하기 위해서 정책적 노력은 정부차원에서 계속되고 있으나 수산물 유통현장에서는 아직도 많은 모순들이 끊임없이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 현실에서 '수산물 유통시장을 현실에 맞게 재편하려는 새로운 시각'이 필요하다는 것이다. 다시 말하면 소비지 도매시장의 거래제도가 수산물 유통의 전부는 아니라는 것이다. 오히려 수산물 유통구조를 개선하려는 정책적 포커스가 유통시장(산지위판장, 소비지 도매시장 등)의 전체구조를 재편하려는 부분으로 전환되어야 한다. 또한 개방화 시대에 우리나라 수산업의 정책 방향 마련을 위해서는 수산업의 경쟁 력 등을 비교 평가할 필요가 있으며 이를 근거로 제한된 정책자원을 선택과 집중으로 효율적으로 투입하기 위해서이다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.643-666
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• 2009

한국과 중국 모두 세계시장에서 재화무역에서는 수출경쟁력이 있고 서비스무역에서는 경쟁력이 없으나 양국은 서비스무역 비중이 확대되고 있고 FTA논의를 통해 양국간 서비스무역은 더욱더 확대될 전망이다. 이런 배경 하에서 본 논문은 한 중간 서비스산업의 부문별 수출경쟁력을 측정하는데 그 목적이 있다. IMF의 BOP 통계수치를 이용하여 한 중 양국의 서비스 무역에 대한 수출경쟁력을 측정하기 위해 무역특화지수(TSI), 수정현시비교우위(RSCA)지수와 국제시장점유율(IMS) 및 수출증가율을 사용해서 서비스무역의 국제경쟁력을 부문별로 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 한국은 운송서비스, 금융서비스, 특허권 등 사용료, 개인 문화 오락 부문 등 4개 부문에서, 중국은 여행서비스, 통신서비스, 보험, 컴퓨터 및 정보, 기타 사업서비스 부문 등 5개 부문에서 국제경쟁력을 가지는 것으로 평가되었다. 건설부문은 비교우위를 판정할 수 없었다. 그러나 중국이 비교우위를 가지고 있는 통신서비스와 컴퓨터 및 정보서비스부문은 비교우위격차가 축소되어 서비스무역의 국제경쟁력 강화노력이 이루어지면 중국보다 경쟁력에서 우위에 설 수 있다.