• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.219-245
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• 2018

Recently Korea affected by the US and China trade wars, has been stagnant in the global trade market. However, the global e-commerce market is growing and emerging with new trade opportunity. The purpose of this study is to derive factors of the execution of cross border electronic commerce in the global e-commerce market and to grasp the effects of these factors on firm performance and ultimately to provide policy implications for export expansion. For this purpose, we conducted a literature review to derive the factors for firm performance in the global e-commerce market. Subsequently, conceptual research model and research hypotheses were estabilished, and empirical analysis was conducted through questionnaires. As a result of the empirical analysis, trust and ICT capability have a positive effect on firm performance, and the impact of trust on firm performance depends on the level of dispute settlement. However, ICT capability does not affect firm performance. This study differs from previous studies in that it considered global e-commerce from the perspective of the enterprise and examined factors for firm performance.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.31-52
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• 2023

The government's various support policies have helped Korea's SMEs and startups to grow from the beginning to the end, from domestic companies to exporters. In particular, direct business support policies such as financial support, R&D projects, and export support have been effective in helping a large number of entrepreneurs and startup companies to establish themselves in the market and have achieved tangible results every year since the establishment of the Ministry of SMEs and Startups. As such, the government is making significant efforts to create and promote various types of support policies and to help companies utilize them in their business. However, this study aims to analyze the factors that affect the satisfaction of government policies and the achievement of managerial performance from the companies' perspective and to suggest the purpose of government support policies and the direction companies should take. Specifically, this study categorizes entrepreneurial self-efficacy into marketing, innovation, management, risk-taking, and financial management, using the relationship model of self-efficacy and collective efficacy to ultimately lead to practical results for SMEs and startups support policies. It uses perceived firm efficacy as a variable to reveal the influence relationship. In addition, the direct and mediating effects of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and policy satisfaction on managerial performance were analyzed to determine what SMEs and startups support policies should do. The results showed that, first, among the five components of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, innovation, and risk-taking efficacy positively affected perceived firm efficacy. Second, the specific components of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, marketing, and financial management efficacy positively influenced policy satisfaction. Third, we found that perceived firm efficacy positively influenced policy satisfaction and managerial performance, which are factors of SMEs and startups' policy performance. Specifically, perceived firm efficacy positively influenced policy satisfaction managerial performance. Fourth, we found that policy satisfaction positively influenced managerial performance.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.297-321
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• 2011

Under the UN Security Council Resolution 1540/1810 in 2004 to restrict the proliferation of WMD (weapons of mass destruction) and their means of delivery, many countries have taken great efforts to, control the export of strategic items, thereby preventing the transfer of ABCM (atomic, biological, chemical weapons, missiles) and technologies and goods related to conventional weapons or dual-use items, Compliance Program (CP) in Korea or Internal Compliance Program(ICP) in Japan refers to a company's internal system or rules to comply with the export control laws and regulations, and is to prevent the unintentional illegal export of strategic items. This paper analyzes the Compliance Program (CP) of strategic export control system between Korea and Japan. Both countries have very similar legal frameworks under the guiding principles of multilateral export control regimes. However, there are some differences in actual procedures, classification service, supporting system, export license, sanctions for illegal exporters, etc. Korea should take more active and customer-oriented measures to promote the Compliance Program (CP) into Korean export companies for better awareness and positive attitude, practical information and education, smoothy government-firm communication, closer cooperation between Korea and Japan, etc.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.411-417
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• 2021

This study aims to estimate the production function and total factor productivity (TFP) of Vietnamese seafood processing firms. At the same time, the study analyses the impact of internal factors of firms and the quality of economic institutions on the TFP of the Vietnamese seafood processing industry. The study uses the Function Control (FC) approach in TFP estimation and the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) regression model in the analysis of factors affecting TFP. The study was carried out on the census data of enterprises of the Vietnamese seafood processing industry collected by the Vietnamese General Statistics Office and Provincial Competitiveness Index data of Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry in the period from 2013 to 2018. Estimated results from the models show that: i) Vietnamese seafood processing firms are, currently, mainly labor-intensive, the TFP contribution and output is only about 2.258. ii) Factors such as the firm's age, firm's size, and the firm's ownership affect TFP. In which, firms that have few numbers of years of operation, small and medium firms, and private firms have low TFP. iii) Institutional quality and the provincial business environment have a positive impact on the TFP of Vietnamese seafood processing firms in this period.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.46-58
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper analyzes how Research and Development (R&D) cartelization and Research Joint Ventures (RJV) affect firms that engage in Cournot competition in their product market using a model in which the Home and Foreign firm produce differentiated products and export their total output to a third country's market. Design/Methodology - In a two-stage game, research expenditures incurred in the first stage improve product quality and are subject to various degrees of spillovers. We consider four different scenarios. Findings - In a symmetric equilibrium we observe the following: (i) an RJV that cooperates in R&D decision yields the highest R&D expenditure. However, the scenario which yields the lowest expenditure depends on the extent of differentiation between the goods and the degree of spillovers; (ii) RJV cartelization yields the highest product quality, output, and consumer surplus in the third country; however, the lowest is produced by R&D competition if spillovers are strong and by R&D cartelization if spillovers are weak; and (iii) each firm's profit is at its minimum in R&D competition and its maximum in RJV cartelization. Furthermore, if spillovers are strong, the profit of each firm in R&D cartelization is greater than that in RJV competition, and vice versa. Originality/value - By analyzing product innovation in international markets, we can find similarities and differences between process R&D and product R&D in international markets.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.353-362
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• 2022

Small and medium businesses (SMEs) play a critical role in the economy, yet they are plagued by a shortage of finance. Determining the influence of cash sources both inside and outside the firm is critical to the company's survival and growth. As a result, the purpose of this research is to determine the impact of capital on the growth of SMEs in Vietnam. The key factors of this research are equity and liabilities, which are two proxies for a firm's capital. The data is based on the results of a survey conducted every two years from 2005 to 2015, which included over 2,600 SMEs in 20 processing and manufacturing industries in ten provinces and cities, including Hanoi, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Tay, Phu Tho, Nghe An, Quang Nam, Khanh Hoa, Lam Dong, and Long An. The findings show that characteristics such as equity capital, total workforce growth rate, and male entrepreneurs have a positive impact on enterprise growth, whereas liabilities, firm age, and export have a negative impact on enterprise growth. The study has demonstrated that equity has a positive impact while liabilities have a negative impact on the growth of Vietnamese SMEs.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.99-121
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• 2010

The goal of this paper is to analyze the effects of various firm characteristics on the probability for a firm to receive government’s financial supports for R&D. In the empirical analysis, a Probit model is estimated for the 2008 Korea Innovation Survey data. The main contribution of the paper is to investigate the distribution of R&D supports at the national level, instead of the program level. Especially, it is the first academic effort to evaluate the effects of regional and industrial variables. The results show that: (1) firm size and export increase the probability of receiving government’s R&D support; (2) variables measuring firms’ innovative ability, such as official designation as innovative firm, running R&D institute, number of R&D personnel, also have significantly positive effects; (3) firms in the chemical and automobile industries are more likely to receive R&D supports; and (4) firms in Teakyoung and Bukyoung regions are more likely to receive R&D supports.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.61-90
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• 2016

This study aims to identify the sources of productivity change in export manufacturing firms. After estimating the Malmquist productivity index, a panel regression was used to calculate the source of productivity change. Upon conducting a literature review of this field, six variables were selected as explanatory variables. The results of an analysis of 355 export manufacturing firms operating from 2009 through 2015 are as follows: First, both innovation activity and total assets had a positive impact on productivity change. However, employment cost intensity, equity ratio, and current ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in export manufacturing firms. Second, innovation activity and intangible assets had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity, selling expense intensity, and equity ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in large export manufacturing firms. Third, innovation activity had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity and equity ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in small and medium export manufacturing firms. Fourth, intangible assets had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity, selling expense intensity, and current ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in export manufacturing firms listed on the Korea Composite Stock Price Index. Fifth, innovation activity and total assets had a positive impact on productivity change, but employment cost intensity and equity ratio had a negative impact on productivity change in manufacturing firms listed on the Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations. The managerial implications of this study are also discussed.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.249-274
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• 2011

This paper examines agri-food export competitiveness among 4 countries(Korea, USA, Japan, China) based on Porter's Diamond model approach. Korea agri-food competitiveness index is much less than those of other countries. Korea is the lowest ranked among the 4 countries in terms of three determinants(except 1 factor, related and supporting industries) of Porter's Diamond Model: Factor condition, demand condition, firm strategy, structure and rivalry. Korea is assumed to have weak point in the factor condition, demand condition because of low capital and land as well as insufficient investment on the agri-food sector. on the other hand, it seems to have strong factor in consumer condition(demand condition). This paper suggest the following strategies to reinforced the agri-food export sector in Korea. 1) an incentive system for seed development and capital investment, 2) a cluster strategy between agriculture and related industry.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

Under the international business circumstance, global supply chain management is considered a vital strategic challenge to small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) suffering from deficient resources and capabilities to exploit overseas markets comparing with large corporations. That is because they can expand their business domains into overseas markets by establishing strategic alliances with global supply chain partners. Although a wide range of previous researches have emphasized the cooperative networks in the chain, most are ignoring the importance of developing relational characteristics such as trust and reciprocity with the partners. Besides, verifying the relational factors influencing firms' export performances, some studies proposed different and inconsistent factors. According to the social capital theory, which is the social quality and networks facilitating close cooperation of inter-individual and inter-organization, provides the integrated view to identify the relational characteristics in the aspects of network, trust and reciprocal norm. Meanwhile, a number of researchers shows that global entrepreneurship is the internal and intangible resource necessary to promote SMEs' internationalization. Upon closer examination, however, they cannot explain clearly its influencing mechanism in the inter-firm cooperative relationships. This study is to verify the effect of social capital accumulated within global supply chain on SMEs' qualitative and quantitative export performance. In addition, we shed new light on global entrepreneurship expected to be concerned with the formation of social capital and the enhancement of export performances. For this purpose, the questionnaires, developed through literature review, were collected from 192 Korean SMEs affiliated in Korean Medium Industries Association and Global Chief Executive Officer's Club focusing on their memberships' international business. As a result of multi-regression analysis, the social capital - network, trust and reciprocal norm shared with global supply chain partner - as well as global entrepreneurship - innovativeness, proactiveness and risk-taking - have positive effect on SMEs' export performances. Also global entrepreneurship affects positively social capital which has mediating effect partially in the relationship between global entrepreneurship and performances. These results means that there is a structural process - global entrepreneurship(input), social capital(output), and export performances(outcome). In other words, a firm should consistently invest in and develop the social capital with global supply chain partners in order to achieve common goals, establish strategic collaborations and obtain long-term export performances. Furthermore, it is required to foster the global entrepreneurship in an organization so as to build up the social capital. More detailed practical issues and discussion are made in the conclusion.