• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.259-283
• /
• 2013

수출신용보증은 수출계약과 관련하여 외국환은행이 중소기업자인 수출업자에게 수출신용보증서를 담보로 대출함에 따라 발생하는 수출자의 상환채무에 대하여 한국무역보험공사가 그 지급을 연대보증하는 것으로 외국환은행은 안심하고 수출금융을 취급할 수 있다. 또한 중소기업 수출자도 별도의 담보를 제공하지 않아 현재 중소기업은 전용보증제도인 수출보험제도를 가장 선호하고 있다. 하지만 한국무역보험공사가 지원하는 수출신용보증의 경우 최근 5년간 인수실적이 공사 전체 인수실적(보험 및 보증인수 총액, 총 604조여 원)의 2.64%(16조여 원)에 불과한데도 5,262억 원의 보험수지 적자가 발생하는 등 무역기금손실의 주요 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 따라서 본고에서는 중소기업의 건전한 수출지원 정책으로서 안정적인 무역금융지원기반을 마련하고 기금운용의 건전성 확보와 절감 방안을 검토하기 위해 2011년 11월 감사원의 무역보험실태 보고서를 토대로 수출신용보증제도의 사례분석을 통해 문제점을 고찰하고 무역보험운용상의 개선방안을 도출하고자 한다.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.533-551
• /
• 2008

Export Credit Agency(ECA) plays a role of importance in international trade and investment flows. The first ECA, the Export Credits Guarantee Department(ECGD) of the United kingdom, was established in 1919. Its original purpose was to encourage and support exports that would not otherwise have taken. Similar motivations led to the establishment, most of those in operation today. Their traditional role is to support and encourage exports and outward investment by insuring international trade and investment transactions, and in some cases by providing trade finance directly. ECA come in all shapes and sizes, and there in no such thing as a typical ECA model. Most of them insure both political and commercial risks on exports and until the last decade. They operated as government entities or on the account of their government, and many of them have changed and are still changing. This study focuses and analyzes the changes of those four major countries' ECAs, which are the U.S.A.(EXIM), France(COFACE), Japan(JBIC), and Canada(EDC).

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제60권
• /
• pp.177-194
• /
• 2013

According to the 2013 statistics, the small/medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) accounted for 99.9% of the Korean economy with 87.8% of employment. This simple figures also indicate SMEs export extension is a key task for the national economy stimulation and job creation. The SMEs export plunge has been affected by the European financial turbulence, US financial instability, developing countries like China entering foreign markets, a weak yen, etc. EXIM Bank, in this context, will need to take a more proactive attitude to provide trade finance by, for example, reviewing the business feasibility for SMEs with a lower credit rank or investigating importers' credit status, etc. Moreover EXIM Bank provides factoring service mostly to large companies and should lower its threshold for service provision to SMEs. Finally EXIM Bank should play more than a primary forfeiting market entity. It also needs to facilitate the secondary forfeiting market.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제33권
• /
• pp.29-62
• /
• 2007

The object of this paper is to increase in domestic use of export factoring for small and medium trading companies. Factoring involves a process where a specialized firm assumes the responsibility for the administration and collection of account receivable for its clients. It can be considered a form of short term commercial financing based on selling of trade credit at a discount, or for a prescribed fee plus interest. The youngest and smallest businesses cannot receive working capital for account receivable for export from financial companies, while larger businesses tend to have less need for factoring services. Using export factoring provide a valuable improvement to cash flow and working capital position and can possibly contribute to small business growth and development. There are several suggestions for export factoring to activate in Korea. First, the number of factoring companies need to be enlarge to activate export factoring in trade and financial policies. Second, factoring companies have to perform public relations for trading companies to inform the export factoring system and its advantages. Third, government need to support the system of export factoring with legislation and financial instruments. Forth, trading companies need to be reformed credit inquiry system in terms of expenses and methods by government This paper has attempted to emphasize on export factoring for small and medium size exporting companies and deserves more research by academics, practitioners and trade policy makers.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제26권3호
• /
• pp.179-204
• /
• 2022

This study examines the extent to which policy-based loans to SME exporters affect their export performance (the intensive margin of exports). We also investigate the heterogeneous export effects of policy-based loans that may depend on firm- and industry-specific characteristics, such as credit ratings, debt-to-assets ratios, firm size and age. To do so, we conduct a survey, of 1,000 Korean SMEs, that collect information on firm-level exports and policy-based loans. The main empirical findings strongly support that SMEs that receive policy-based loans tend to increase their export volumes. However, these loans' positive impact on exports are only valid for SME exporters with credit scores of 12 or greater (that is, SMEs that have difficulty accessing the external financial market). The estimation results with respect to SMEs' dependence on external financing imply that policy-based loans for SMEs in sectors that are heavily dependent on external finance are effective in that they are instrumental in increasing these firms' exports. These empirical findings emphasize the importance of the external financial market to SME exporters who face various up-front investments that are related to their exporting activities.

• 응용통계연구
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.857-871
• /
• 2013

한국을 비롯한 많은 국가에서 수출보험은 수출증진을 위한 수단으로 이용되어 왔다. 무역자유화를 위한 세계무역기구의 출범 이후에도 수출보험은 여전히 수출증진을 위한 주요 수단으로 인식된다. 본 논문은 국내 기업의 해외법인이 체결한 단기수출보험의 자료를 이용하여 수출보험과 관련한 위험요소(수입자의 신용등급, 결제기간, 모기업의 크기)의 각 등급에 따른 보험가입금액 대비 보험금 지급비율을 산출한다. 이를 위해 일반화 선형모형을 활용, 모델 선택과정을 거쳐 사고빈도(frequency)와 사고심도(severity)를 각각 음이항분포와 로그노말분포로 적합한다. 그리고 일반화 선형모형의 분석결과를 바탕으로 사고빈도와 사고심도에 미치는 각 위험요소의 등급에 따른 계약건수 대비 평균 사고발생 비율과 보험가입금액 대비 평균 지급비율을 제시한다. 이후 이를 통합함으로써 각 위험요소의 등급별 지급비율의 기댓값을 추정한다. 그리고 이 결과를 이용하여 요율산정에 대한 시사점을 논의한다.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제63권
• /
• pp.245-260
• /
• 2014

This study is aimed to summarize a tense situation of Risk management for Kaesong Industrial Business Enterprise in 2013 and to investigate trade insurance of K-sure. Now we have to find a new way to protect Kaesong Industrial Business Enterprises from uncertain environment and also need to prevent a recurrence of parallel cases in the domain of South-North economic cooperation in Korean peninsula. There are two method to protect Kaesong Industrial Business Enterprises. First they rely on the Korea government for protection. Second they need to effect trade insurance of K-sure. such as Export Credit Guaranty or Short-term Export Insurance. They shall create a wise predictable environment to protect Kaesong Industrial Business Enterprises themselves without resort to Korea government. Of course there are many things left behind to consider I hope it will be helpful to those who prepare South-North economic cooperation especially in Kaesong Industrial Complex.

• 통상정보연구
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.297-315
• /
• 2012

본 연구에서는 한국의 수출상대국 112국의 2005년과 2009년도 자료를 이용하여 중력모형을 통해 수출보험과 한국의 수출상대국의 국가신용도가 우리나라 수출에 미치는 효과를 글로벌 금융위기 이전과 이후로 구분하여 분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 모형에 사용된 변수를 살펴보면, 한국의 수출을 종속변수로 하고, 한국의 수출 상대국의 실질 GDP, 한국과 한국의 수출상대국과의 거리, 수출보험인수실적, 한국의 수출상대국의 국가신용도, FTA 등을 독립변수로 사용하였다. 분석결과 수출보험인수실적과 수출상대국의 국가신용도는 한국의 수출에 양(+)의 효과를 가지는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 글로벌 금융위기 발생 이후 한국의 수출에서 수출보험의 중요성이 더욱 증대된 반면, 수출상대국의 경제규모의 중요성은 감소되었다. 특히. 글로벌 금융위기 이후 국가신용등급의 수출에 대한 영향력이 감소하였는데, 이는 금융위기 이후 수출보험 증대에 따른 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 향후 세계경제침체가 지속될 것으로 예측되는바 우리나라의 안정적인 수출을 위해 수출보험의 지속적인 확대가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 이와 관련하여 글로벌 경제침체가 지속될 경우 대기업보다는 중소기업의 수출에 더 큰 타격을 줄 수 있기 때문에 중소기업에 대한 보다 많은 지원을 확대할 필요성이 있다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.111-133
• /
• 2021

Purpose - Although remittance payment in international trade settlements has played a bigger role in recent years, scant research is being done. This study is to zero in on analyzing determinants of international trade payments focused on remittance by constructing a payment prediction model. Design/methodology - This study categorizes the types of trade payments into advance remittance, post remittance, linked remittance, letter of credit, and mixed payment, and analyzes these after constructing a logit model. For empirical analysis, 147 survey data were collected for export manufacturers in Korea, and binominal logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the type of payment method the exporter chooses for trade transactions. Findings - The likelihood of choosing advance remittance increased as the exporters had non-recovery experiences with payments, and decreased as the market power of importers increased. The possibility of post remittance increased when the export amount was large and the character of the buyer was reliable. In the case of linked remittance, it was highly likely to be selected when payment efficiency was important in trade settlement. In addition, when competition among companies in the global market is intense and market uncertainty is high, the possibility of using a letter of credit decreases. It was also found that the greater the export amount, the greater the possibility of choosing advance remittance, and even if the transaction period was longer, exporters using a letter of credit continued to use it. Originality/value - Despite the high proportion of remittances in international trade settlements, it has been hard to find studies that reflect the practical characteristics of remittances. This study classified the types of remittance into advance remittance, post remittance, and linked remittance, and built a trade payment prediction model by adding a letter of credit and mixed payment. In addition, the originality of this study is recognized in that a logistic model was constructed and meaningful results were derived.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제25권
• /
• pp.99-119
• /
• 2005

Recently, the export claims related to the compliance of the commercial invoice are increasing. This paper aims to review the basic requirements of the invoice, and two theories on the document compliance, i.e., the strict compliance and the substantial compliance, and to analyse the substantial compliance of the invoice through some recent cases under the UCP 500, ICC's opinions and the International Standard Banking Practice (ISBP). As regards the compliance of the invoice, a majority of the cases has held that it must comply strictly with the credit terms ("strict compliance rule"). However, a minority of courts and credit industry standards such as the UCP and ISBP published by ICC take a different approach, infusing the credit law notions such as equity, "substantial compliance rule", etc. The extent of the substantial compliance of the invoice is particularly explained in the above-mentioned invoice paragraphs of the ISBP and supported by a large number of ICC's official opinions. Especially, the parties and descriptions in the invoice must correspond with those in the credit, being not inconsistent with the other documents. Other issues related to invoices such as a tolerance of the quantity, the amount, and the number of originals or copies, etc. must comply with the credit terms substantially.