• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.58-63
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• 1993

Recently, a large amount of flammable or explosive materials have been handled or stored in chemical industries. H the equipments fail or the materials release in consequence of operation errors, fire and explosion could occur to them. Thus, risk assessment using quantification of risks is very important when design of processes and modifications of installed processes are performed. The purpose of this study is to develop the program for fire and explosion index in order to quantify the expected damage of fire and explosion incidents in chemical plants, to identify equipment that would be likely to contribute to the creation or escalation of an incident, to comunicate the potential fire and explosion risk to management and to account of damage cost.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

This paper employs stochastic processing techniques to analyze explosion risks in plant facilities based on explosion return periods. Release probability is calculated using data from the Health and Safety Executive (HSE), along with annual leakage frequency per plant provided by DNV. Ignition probability, derived from various researchers' findings, is then considered to calculate the explosion return period based on the release quantity. The explosion risk is assessed by examining the volume, radius, and blast load of the vapor cloud, taking into account the calculated explosion return period. The reference distance for the design blast load model is determined by comparing and analyzing the vapor cloud radius according to the return period, historical vapor cloud explosion cases, and blast-resistant design guidelines. Utilizing the multi-energy method, the blast load range corresponding to the explosion return period is presented. The proposed return period serves as a standard for the design blast load model, established through a comparative analysis of vapor cloud explosion cases and blast-resistant design guidelines. The outcomes of this study contribute to the development of a performance-based blast-resistant design framework for plant facilities.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.73-80
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• 2021

Recently, Korea has established a plan for the supply of hydrogen vehicles and is promoting the expansion of the supply. Risk factors for hydrogen vehicles are hydrogen leakage, jet fire, and explosion. Therefore Safety measures are necessary for this hazard. In addition, risks in semi-closed spaces such as tunnels, underground roads, and underground parking lots should be analyzed. In this study, an explosion experiment was conducted on a hydrogen tank used in a hydrogen vehicle to analyze the risk of a hydrogen vehicle explosion accident that may occur in a semi-closed space. As results, the effect on the structure and the human body was analyzed using the overpressure and impulse values for each distance generated during the explosion.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2015.09a
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• pp.69-73
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• 2015

An evaluation of the accidental limit state (ALS) for design of a semi-submersible drilling rig is one of the essential design requirements as well as ultimate limit state (ULS) and fatigue limit state (FLS). This paper describes the ALS evaluation on the explosion accident at shale shaker room of semi-submersible drilling rig. There are three steps for the ALS evaluation such as structural analysis at concept design, risk based safety design and structural analysis at detailed design. For the ALS evaluation at concept design, conceptual explosion overpressure from the Rule guided by the classification society was used in the structural analysis that was carried out using LS-DYNA. To set up the design accidental load (DAL), explosion analysis was carried out using FLACS taking safety barriers into consideration. Then, the structural analysis was carried out applying DAL for the ALS evaluation at detailed design. Through the ALS evaluation on the explosion at shale shaker room, the importance of the risk based safety design was described.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.62-69
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• 2023

The use of low-grade coal is continuously increasing with the development of combustion technology and cost reduction for coal used in thermal power plants . During combustion, the latent heat of evaporation due to moisture is large, and there is a risk of spontaneous combustion and dust explosion during the process of storing and pulverizing coal. This study compared and evaluated the minimum explosive concentration and explosive strength of four types of coal dust-fine, coal dust-coarse, wood pallet+organic dust, and wood chip with coal powder collected from domestic power plant D. The minimum explosive concentration of coal dust was measured according to JIS Z 8818:2002, and the explosion strength was tested according to ASTM E1226 using a Siwek 20 L Chamber Apparatus. As a result of the minimum explosive concentration test, it was found that coal dust-fine has a risk of dust explosion, and since an explosion occurs at a dust concentration of 130 g/m³ of wood chips, it was found that there is a risk of explosion at the lowest dust concentration. According to the dust explosion class standard, Kst is less than 200 bar m/s, and all samples fall under the explosion class St 1, and the dust has a low risk of explosion.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.113-113
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• 2014

This study has been conducted for evaluation of qualitative/quantitative risk of HCNG filling station. In case of fire explosion occurred because of hydrogen, CNG, and HCNG leaking on same conditions, maximum overpressure was measured as 30kPa for hydrogen, 3.5kPa for HCNG, and 0.4kPa for CNG. The overpressure of HCNG was measured 7.75 times higher than that of CNG, but it was only 11.7% compared with hydrogen. When the explosion was occurred, in case of hydrogen, the measured influential distance of overpressure was 59m and radiant heat was 75m. In case of CNG, influential distance of overpressure was 89m and radiant heat was 144m would be estimated. In case of 30% HCNG that was blended with hydrogen and CNG, influential distance of overpressure was 81m and radiant heat was 130m were measured. As the explosion occurred with the same sized container that had 350bar for hydrogen and 250bar of CNG and HCNG, the damage distance that explosive overpressure and radiant heat influenced CNG was seen as the highest. HCNG that was placed between CNG and hydrogen tended to be seen as more similar with CNG.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

In the industrial field, various type of fuel have been used for product processing facilities. Recent for 10 years, the usage of natural gas (NG) was gradually increased. Because it has many merits; clean fuel, no transportation, storage facility and so on. There are common safety concept that strict explosion protection approaches are needed for facilities where explosive materials such as flammable liquid, vapor and gases exist. But some has an optimistic point of view that the lighter than air gases such as NG disperse rapidly, hence do not form explosion environment upon release into the atmosphere, many parts has a conventional safety point of view that those gases are also inflammable gases, hence can form explosion environment although the extent is limited and present. In this paper, the heating equipments (Hot Oil Heater) was reviewed and some risk management measures were proposed. These measures include hazardous area classification and explosion-proof provisions of electric apparatus, an early gas leak detection and isolation, ventilation system reliability, emergency response plan and training and so on. This study calculates Hazardous Area Classification using the hypothetical volume in the KS C IEC code.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.267-267
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to understand the risk of chemical product, Styrene Monomer(SM), shipped in a vessel. SM is harmful chemical product which can make injury, explosion and/or fire in a vessel. The understand of SM risk is very important to protect seafarer's body and vessel safety. This research can be expected that the understanding of SM risk by a seafarer's to prevent accidents by SM explosion/fire. In this study we used event tree analysis method using chemical reaction cased by explosion. As a result, we founded various chemical reaction and visualization for explosion path.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 1998

Various flammable vapors as energy source and raw material have been stored, transported in the industries, and accidental leakage of these vapors occurs occasionally. Without an appropriate protection system, flammable vapors can be ignited and serious damage results from them. To reduce the risk caused by explosion, we should know the explosion limit and explosion characteristics. In this study, the maximum explosion pressure, the maximum explosion pressure rise, the effect of temperature and mixing with other vapor were measured in a cylindrical vessel. Experimental results showed that maximum explosion pressure of flammable vapor was about 3.1~$4.2 kg/cm^2$ and it was reached 3.4 times faster than that at explosion limit. The lower explosion limit was coincided well with Le Chateilier's equation, however, upper explosion limit was not.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.60-67
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• 2011

The interest about new and renewable energy is increasing to reduce the burden of problems by depletion of fossil fuels and air pollutions. For example, LNG/CNG and LPG are expected to be replaced, especially in transportation use, by HCNG mixture and DME-LPG mixture, respectively. Because these new energies are still flammable gases, it is not inherently safe from the explosion. In this research, the quantitative risk analysis for using alternative mixtures in existing recharging facilities has been studied by using three types of explosion models (TNT equivalency model, PHAST and CFD-based FLACS) to manage the risk effectively. The differences of results by models were compared against, and the practical ways of when and how to use these models were suggested. It was also predicted that conventional gas filling stations would be converted as new energy stations without additional explosion risk.