• Human Ecology Research
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.537-549
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop an objective Ego Strength Scale for Children useful in research and clinical fields for measuring the ego strength of 3rd-6th grade children and to test its validity and reliability. For these purposes, we conducted a two-stage study. First, the scale was developed through data collection, composition of components and questions, a preliminary survey, and a main survey. The main survey was conducted with 1,185 3rd-6th grade children in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, and analyzed through exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis. Second, the scale we developed was validated through confirmatory factor analysis and convergent-discriminant validity analysis for testing validity related to internal structure. The secondary survey was conducted with 5,494 3rd-6th grade children in Seoul and the province of Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, Gangwon, Jeolla, Gyeongsang, and Jeju. The study concluded the following: First, the scale was designed to measure 4 factors: competence, initiative, elasticity, and sociability using 26 questions. Second, the Ego Strength Scale for Children was found to be highly valid through validity tests. In addition, it showed high reliability in an internal consistency test and split-half reliability test. As this study developed and validated the Ego Strength Scale for Children in the current situation in which there are few objective instruments to measure children's ego strength, it is meaningful in that it laid the basis for broader future research on ego strength.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.477-486
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 한국의 제2형 성인 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 당뇨병 위험 지각 측정 도구 (RPS-DM)의 신뢰도와 타당도를 평가하기 위하여 시도되었다. 당뇨병 위험 지각 측정 도구는 번역 과정을 통해 내용타당도를 확보한 후 서울 지역 상급 종합병원 내분비내과 외래를 이용하고 있는 성인 183명을 대상으로 자기입식 설문조사로 방식을 이용하여 자료 수집을 진행하였다. 자료 분석은 탐색적 요인분석과 문항 간 상관계수, 검사 재검사 신뢰도 검사를 수행하였다. 내용 타당도 검증 결과를 보면 당뇨병 위험 측정 도구는 '위험 지식'을 제외하면 '지각된 통제 (3문항)', '낙관적 편견 (2문항)', '환경적 위험 (9문항)', '질병 위험 (9문항)'의 4가지 하부 구성요인으로 확인되었으며, 4가지 요인으로 전체 분산의 45.1%를 설명하고 있었다. 원 도구에서 제시된 '걱정'은 위험 지각 측정 도구의 하부 구성 영역에서 제외하였다. 당뇨병 위험 측정 도구는 한국인의 당뇨병 위험 지각 수준을 측정할 수 있는 타당성있고 신뢰성이 있는 도구임을 제언한다.

• 감성과학
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2014

This double-blind study, as a human experiment of nonlocality, investigated the effects of senders' intention on the central nervous system of a distant human receiver and it explored the roles that motivation might have in modulating these effects. Whole brain activity was measured in the receiver whom was asked to relax in a distant room for 16 minutes; the sending person directed intention of oneness toward the receiver during repeated variable-second epochs separated by variable-second non-intention epochs. The total length of intention epochs and that of nonintention epochs were balanced. Eighteen sessions were conducted. In 9 of those sessions, the sender was the receiver's lover. In another 9 of those sessions, the sender was just acquainted with the receiver before the session. The receiver's whole brain activity recorded during the intention epochs were compared with the same measures recorded during the nonintention epochs used as controls. The statistical difference between the intentions versus controls across 18 sessions was examined by paired-t test. In addition, subgroup analysis for the 9 couple sessions and 9 non-couple sessions were additionally examined by the same test. The effect of distant intentionality decreased slow waves or increased EEG fast waves mainly in frontal regions, and increased EEG coherence during the intention epochs. The effects was not statistically significant after Bonferroni correction, but the couple sessions combined showed the largest effect followed by all sessions combined. Non-couple sessions combined showed the smallest effect. The changes in EEG power mean that receiver participants became more alert during the intention epochs and the change in EEG coherence might be evidence of coherent heart influence on EEG activity. Planned comparison with specific hypothesis testing for the suggested changes in this study have to be followed for an evidence of electroencephalographic changes in isolated subjects for the distant mental intention.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제23권
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• pp.3-38
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• 2004

On-line game business has emerged as the most lucrative entertainment industry, with over 4 million players in China, with more than 45% of the market dominated by Korean on-line games. While the interactive entertainment market continues to expand, with many new Korean on-line game publishers entering the market, relatively little is known about which factors influence online game players' behavioral intentions (i.e., intention to play, brand-identity, word of mouth, flow, etc.) in this area. It appears that in this extremely attractive and growing services segment, academics, as well as practitioners, would benefit from investigating the relationships among the players' intention to play, social norms, word of mouth, flow, and the impacts of several other key game-related constructs. A conceptual framework is proposed and a simultaneous equation model is developed. This paper develops the exploratory LISREL model for identifying the factors affecting the players' intention to play for on-line games. Based on data collected from on-line questionnaire survey in China, the validity of the model has been tested and interesting conclusions have been developed concerning the relationships between the game-related constructs. It is hoped that this result might provide the useful guidelines for developing the successful on-line game contents. With better understanding of the players' behavioral intentions, Korean on-line game developers should be able to penetrate the China market with sustainable advantage over their competition.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2018

Purpose: To test the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Person-centered Climate Questionnaire-staff version (KPCQ-S) in long-term care institutions. Methods: A total of 297 staff in long-term care institutions including nine nursing homes (NHs) and 4 long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) were included. The KPCQ-S was developed following the WHO guidelines of the process of translation and adaptation of instruments. An internal consistency using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was tested for reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to examine the construct validity. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined using Pearson correlation. Results: EFA demonstrated the construct validity of the 14-item KPCQ-S with three-factor solutions, specifically three factors (safety, everydayness, and community) in NHs and four factors (safety, everydayness, community, and comprehensibility) in LTCHs. Convergent validity was found in the correlation with the work satisfaction (r=.55). The KPCQ-S showed satisfactory internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.91$). Conclusion: The KPCQ-S is found to be a reliable and valid tool for measuring staff perceptions of the person centeredness of long-term care environments.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-102
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the work-family reconciliation level of married women in double-income households. Specifically, the study aimed to test the positive spillover effects, asymmetry, and differential functions of work-family reconciliation. The study thus analyzed 1,114 married women in double-income households in the third-year data of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Families (KLoWF) done by Korean Women's Development Institute (KWDI), with the exception of those who were separated, divorced, or widowed from their husbands. The data were put to descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and exploratory factor analysis using SPSS 20.0 for Windows. AMOS 20.0 was used to test the hypothesis on positive spillover effects, asymmetry, and differential functions. The analysis results confirm that work-family conflict, family-work conflict, work-family facilitation, and family-work facilitation are different concepts, thus supporting the hypothesis on positive spillover effects. Secondly, the negative effects of family on work were greater than those of work on family, whereas the positive effects of family on work were greater than those of work on family, which finding partially supported the hypothesis on asymmetry among the components of work-family reconciliation. Finally, the married women in double-income households with preschool children experienced more work-family conflict and family-work conflict than those with no preschool children, which result supported the hypothesis on differential functions between the two groups of women. The findings were combined to provide implications for the utilization of family resources, policies for work-family reconciliation, and plans for institutional supports to promote the work-family reconciliation of married women in double-income households.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.210-227
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a scale to measure variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior in early elementary school, based on the theory of planned behavior. Methods: A scale was developed to measure variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior. Initial items for direct evaluation were constructed through a literature review, and those for belief-based indirect measure were generated through interviews with 30 second- and third-grade elementary school students. The collected data from 286 third-grade elementary school students were then subjected to item analysis, exploratory and confirmative factor analysis, criterion-related validity testing, and internal consistency assessment. Results: The final scale consisted of 35 items. Intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained 82.7% of the variance; behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs explained 65.6% of the variance; and evaluation of outcome, motivation to comply, and power of control beliefs explained 72.8% of the variance. The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the theoretical models had a satisfactory goodness of fit. Criterion-related validity was confirmed between the direct evaluation variables and the indirect measure variables (attitudes r=.64, p<.001; subjective norms r=.39, p<.001; perceived behavioral control r=.62, p<.001). Cronbach's α was .89 for the direct evaluation variables and .93 for the indirect measure variables. Conclusion: The scale developed in this study is valid and reliable. It could be used to measure and explain variables related to alcohol drinking prevention behavior in early elementary school.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-24
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• 2004

세계적으로 새로운 정보사회의 기반을 구축하기 위한 노력이 진행되고 있으며, 이에 발맞추어 우리 나라에서도 1995년부터 2003년까지 정부와 민간 모두 약 20조 5천억원의 재원을 들여 세계 최고수준의 정보통신인프라를 보유하게 되었다. 이와같은 국가차원의 주요 투자사업에 대한 성과분석을 위해 본 연구에서는 초고속정보통신망 구축을 통해 발생하는 효과의 파급경로와 각 경로에서의 가치사슬을 정의하여 정보화와 IT산업효과와 가치를 추정하였다. 분석결과 초고속정보통신망 구축사업에 의해 $1995{\sim}2003$년간 149조 5천억원의 통신장비 및 서비스시장, 23만명의 고용유발, 10조원의 부가가치 창출하였으며, 초고속정보통신 시장 44조 5천억원, 구축에 의한 생산유발 26조원, 초고속정보통신을 이용하기 위한 기기 생산 78조원의 시장 창출하였다. 이와같은 IT시장의 확대는 2002년 국내 GDP중 IT산업이 차지하는 비중이 14.9%, 국가 경제성장에서 IT산업이 차지하는 기여도가 31% 수준에 육박하는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 또한 초고속정보통신망의 구축은 정보화효과 파급에 기여하고 있다. 정보화를 통한 경제성장 효과, 공공부문의 통신비용 및 행정효율화효과, 개인 삶의 질 향상효과 등이 발생하는데 있어 초고속정보통신망은 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 그리고 세계적 수준의 초고속정보통신 구축은 한국의 국제적 이미지 개선을 통한 가치를 창출하고 있다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권8호
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• pp.333-344
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• 2020

This research has four specific objectives: (1) identifying factors that affect customer satisfaction with less than container load (LCL) cargo services of logistics companies in HoChiMinh City (HCMC), (2) measuring the level of impact of the factors, (3) testing the difference in satisfaction among groups of customers with different characteristics in terms of type of business and time of using LCL cargo services, and (4) proposing some management implications to improve the quality of LCL cargo services. Researchers interviewed 210 customers who enjoyed the LCL cargo service in HCMC for at least the last six months, using the convenient sampling method. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the reliability of the scale through the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, then exploratory factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used. The results identified the six factors that influence positively customer satisfaction of LCL cargo services of logistics companies in HCMC, by decreasing importance: service process, image, resource, price, management, and outcomes. The results show that there is no difference in customer satisfaction with LCL cargo services by types of business as well as time of using services. The research suggests some implications for the management of logistics companies in HCMC to enhance customer satisfaction.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2007

이 연구의 목적은 아동의 온라인 게임 중독 성향을 측정하기 위한 한국형 검사 척도를 과학적인 절차에 따라 개발하는 것이다. 3차례에 걸쳐 실시된 예비검사에서 문항 분석, 신뢰도 분석, 요인 분석이 수행된 결과 30문항으로 구성된 본 검사척도가 결정되었다. 본 검사에서는 준거타당도 검증을 위하여 온라인 게임 이용 실태 및 태도와 더불어 심리적 변인 4가지인 공격성 척도, 충동성 척도, 외로움 척도, 자기 통제력 척도를 포함하였고, 전국 초등학교 5, 6학년 2,584명의 학생이 조사에 참여하였다. 본 검사 결과에 대하여 문항 분석, 신뢰도 분석이 수행되었고, 탐색적 요인 분석과 준거 변인과의 상관 분석에 의해 타당도가 검증되었다. 마지막으로, 표준화 절차를 통해 7개 하위요인, 30문항으로 구성된 최종 검사 척도와 중독 집단 분류 규준을 개발하였다.