• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to compare the general body measurements and shoulder shapes of Korean and American elderly women to supply basic data for the apparel design. The anthropometrics data was collected including both direct and indirect measurements of 283 women over the age of 55 in Korean and the American women. The statistical methods used for the analysis of measurement data are the T-test, Exploratory data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test respectively. The results of the T-test indicated that there is a significant difference in the 14 body measurement items except of waist circumference. The results of exploratory data analysis, an independent relationship between shoulder slope angle and forward shoulder roll of Korean women. On the other hand, there is a dependent relationship that the bigger shoulder slope and forward shoulder roll with wide cross back shoulder of American women. Comparison of mean among the three different age groups, aged 55~59 group shows significant differences in the value of difference between cross back shoulders and horizontal shoulder width. This finding indicates that the wide and forward roll shoulder needs to special pattern making like ease amount and curvature for fit and comfort for women's apparel.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

This exploratory study is aimed at exploring the validity of the Science Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ) developed for university students, to measure the science motivation of middle school students and analyze the differences on gender and country factors of SMQ. A total of 371 students participated in this study: 171 middle school students from the USA and 200 secondary students from Korea. All participants were enrolled in the STEM program and activities in Utah, USA (for US students) and at a Korean university institute for gifted and talented students (for Korean students). In this study, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and latent mean analysis were used to analyze the gender and country differences. The results indicated that the 25 items of SMQ scale were theoretically meaningful and valid for middle school students. The latent mean difference by gender indicated that male students have higher intrinsic motivation, career motivation, grade motivation, and self-determination than female students. Moreover, a significant difference exists in these factors between the two countries. Further findings reveal that Korean students scored higher than US students in terms of the aforementioned factors. This study will provide significant insights in and contribution to science motivation issues in STEM education and the development of design-based engineering programs.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.181-196
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• 2020

Based on the resource-based perspective, this study seeks to understand the relationship between the organizational slack and innovation, and to demonstrate that there exists a difference in the influence of the organizational slack according to the type of innovation by dividing the types of innovation into exploratory and exploitative innovations. They also want to understand the role that network diversity plays in the relationship between organizational slack and innovation. For this purpose, hypothesis and research models were presented based on resource-based perspectives and empirical analysis was conducted on 171 companies. The analysis confirmed that the impact of organizational slack on exploitative innovation is linear, not non-linear, as expected. In other words, the more resources available, the more productive the enterprise is, and the more resources available to the organization have a positive impact on the innovation. On the other hand, exploratory innovation represented an inverse U-shaped relationship between organizational slack and nonlinearity as expected. The control effect of network diversity was only seen in the relationship between organizational slack and exploratory innovation. Through this study, it provides implications such as the importance of network diversity, which is a relationship between companies, and the difference in the utilization of organizational slack according to the type of innovation.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.186-197
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure professionalism of clinical nurses and evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale. Methods: DeVellis's scale-development eight steps were applied. The initial items were developed through a literature review and discussion with investigators, and the content validity was verified by seven experts. The data were collected from 250 hospital nurses for exploratory factor analysis and 217 hospital nurses for confirmatory factor analysis. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were utilized to assess the construct validity. Cronbach's ⍺ was used to test the internal consistency reliability. Results: The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that the scale comprised four factors: professional skill(eight items), sense of ethics (five items), knowledge-seeking activities (four items), and autonomy(three items). The four-factor structure was validated (x 2 =600.85 p<.001, GFI=.88, CFI=.84, RMSEA=.07), and Cronbach's ⍺ for the total scale was .84. Conclusion: The study results showed satisfactory reliability and validity of the professionalism measurement scale for clinical nurses. This scale has potential as an appropriate instrument for measuring clinical nurse professionalism.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.677-685
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• 1998

To investigate the effects of neonatal stress on behavior and neurochemistry, rats were exposed to the footshock stress on postnatal day (PND) 14 or PNDs 14 and 21. Rats were exposed to uncontrollable electric shocks delivered to the floor with a constant current (0.8 mA) for 5 sec period. Daily sessions consisted of 60 trials on a random time schedule with an average of 55 sec. The first exposure to footshocks on PND 14 decreased body weight gain for 1 day. However, the second exposure to footshocks on PND 21 did not affect body weight gain. Exploratory activity was measured by exposing a rat to a novel environment 24 h after experience of footshocks. Similar to the body weight changes, a decreased activity was noted after the first exposure to footshocks, while no changed activity was noted after the second exposure to footshocks. However, the Bmax value of $5-HT_{2A/2C}$ receptors in the cortex decreased by the second exposure to footshocks, but not by the first exposure to footshocks. Moreover, an autoradiographic study revealed that the density of $[^3H]dexamethasone$ binding in hippocampus decreased in rats exposed to footshocks 4 times during PND $14{\sim}20.$ These results suggest that the uncontrollable footshock stress changes 5-hydroxytryptamine and glucocorticoid receptor systems acutely and that the repeated exposure to the same stress may not elicit behavioral alterations by the compensatory activity of young brain although changes in some neurochemistry exist.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2018

Purpose - As Korea is reaching a post-aged society, the number of chronic illness is increasing, and the demand for rehabilitation medical device is growing. Although there is high potential for the growth in rehabilitation industry, because most of the related companies in Korea are relatively small, lacking capital or R&D resource, it is difficult for them to create an innovative product, and currently most of the high-tech equipments are imported. Therefore a medical device cluster, where business, research, medical institutes and universities may work cooperatively to enhance research development and solve issues is necessary for future development. Research design, data, methodology - In this method we have done a literature review of the rehabilitation industry and industrial cluster. Based on the studies, we have conducted an exploratory factor analysis by studying examples of foreign and domestic medical clusters and drawing success factors in forming a medical cluster. Next based on the studies we have conducted a survey to domestic medical device companies to find their difficulties and needs to form a successful medical device cluster. Results - This paper provides both theoretic review on success factors of forming a medical device cluster and practical analysis using case study and survey. Conclusion - The significance of this paper is that based on the literature review, we have compared actual examples of domestic/foreign medical clusters and drawn difference and coincidence between literature and actual cluster success factor. We were also able to conduct a survey on actual medical device companies and through the results we were able to search difficulties and necessities of medical device companies.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.157-176
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• 2012

시장구조 분석에서 흔히 사용되는 상표전환 자료는 비내구재 분석에 적절한 방법이 될 수 있으나 자동차 같이 사용연한이 장시간인 내구재의 경우에는 소비자의 상표에 대한 선호도가 변할 수 있어 상표전환 자료의 사용에 문제가 있다. 따라서 경쟁을 잘 포착할 수 있는 다른 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구는 이에 대한 대안으로 상표간 경쟁 자료로써 고려상표군을 이용하여 자동차 시장의 구조를 Latent Class 군집분석을 활용한 탐색적 검증방법으로 분석하였다. 또한 소비자 행동분석에 근거하여 상표간 경쟁의 근간을 이루는 고려상표군 형성에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 밝히는데 중점을 두었다. 미국 자동차 시장을 대상으로 분석한 결과, 시장은 상표 원산지 효과에 의해 구분되었다. 즉, 미국 상표, 유럽 상표, 그리고 아시아 상표 등으로 시장이 구분되었다. 또한 각 시장구조 내 소비자들의 고려상표군 형성에 신뢰성/안전, 이미지/즐거움, 경제성 등의 편익과 성별, 소득 등 개인적 요인이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 복식
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.81-93
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to identify Chinese new generation women's clothing exploratory behavior according to their sensitivity pursuit propensity. The respondents were 500 Chinese new generation women residing in Soju City, China. Frequencies, percent, mean, one-way ANOVA, factor analysis, Chi-square test, and cluster analysis were done by use of SPSS PC+. The results were as follows; 1. The factors of sensitivity pursuit propensity were adventure & diversity, change, new atmosphere, and artistic sensitivity. And factors of clothing exploratory behavior were brand turnover, innovative clothing purchasing or wearing, clothing information collection through visiting store, and clothing information collection through contacting neighbors or advertisement. 2. The Chinese new generation women were classified into the creativity pursuit, the adventure & change pursuit, the multi-sensation pursuit, and the sensation retard according to their sensitivity pursuit propensity. 3. The creativity pursuit explored clothing for brand turnover and information through visiting store, communication, or advertisement, were found more among the unmarried late 20's with higher education and jobs. The adventure & change pursuit explored clothing information through visiting store, were found more among the unmarried university students in early 20's. The multi-sensation pursuit explored innovative clothing purchasing, were found more among the unmarried early 20's with jobs or students. The sensation retard explored clothing information through communication or advertisement, considered quality more, were found more among the married early 30's with lower education level and jobs.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.163-183
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• 2009

본 연구는 2007년 개정 교육과정에 따라 초등학교 수학 실험용 교과서에 신설된 활동인 탐구 활동과 이야기 마당을 다루는 수업에서 교사와 학생의 수학적 의사소통이 어떻게 이루어지는지 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 초등학교 1, 2학년 각각 두 교실의 수업을 관찰하고 수학적 의사소통을 질문하기, 설명하기, 수학적 아이디어의 근원의 세 요소로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 학생들의 사고과정에 초점을 두고 학생들의 아이디어를 탐색한 교실이 있는 반면에, 정답을 도출하는데 초점을 두거나 학생들의 아이디어를 깊이 탐구하지 않고 교사가 직접 아이디어를 평가하는 교실이 있었다. 특히, 탐구 활동보다는 이야기 마당을 다루는 수업에서 이러한 경향이 더 많이 나타났으며 이는 교사들이 이야기를 통하여 수학 수업을 진행하는데 익숙하지 않고 교사용 지도서에도 구체적인 발문이나 학생들의 예상 답안을제시하지 않은데 원인이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 실험 적용에서 드러나는 수학적 의사 소통을 면밀히 분석함으로써 추후 탐구 활동과 이야기 마당 관련 수업에서의 지도 방향에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) on peak exploratory flow (PEF), forced exploratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$), and low back pain during forced expiration. Twenty-two subjects (14 subjects in experimental group, 8 subjects in control group) participated in this study. The stabilizer was used for ADIM training for five consecutive days. Vitalograph PEF/$FEV_1$ DIARY and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to determine forced expiratory pulmonary function and low back pain, respectively. Independent t-test and analysis of covariance were used for statistical analysis with a significance level of .05. The findings of this study were as follows: 1) There were no significant differences of ADIM effect on PEF and $FEV_1$ between experimental group and control group. 2) There was a significant pain reduction in experimental group with ADIM. 3) PEF and $FEV_1$ increased significantly in the fifth day compared with the first day pre-exercise baseline. Therefore, it is concluded that ADIM was effective in improving PEF and $FEV_1$, and reducing VAS during forced expiration in patients with chronic low back pain.