• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

The standardized procurement of supervisory cost for the construction of domestic Information and Communication Technology(ICT) facilities, which is announced by the Korea Engineering and Construction Association in May 2009, has been applied in the public institutions and private industries. However, the previous standardized procurement is not widely applied in recent years because the ICT and social economic environment have been rapidly changed and the previous equations to calculate the supervisory cost is not simplified. As results, the needs for a new standardized procurement has been increased and the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Energy has published a notice with new standard procurement. In this paper, we provide the explanation of the background and the derivation process of the notice based on authors' experiences of project participation. As research method, we compare the previous mad-day cost of ICT construction and that of another area including electric facility construction, and then we explain a new procurement equation based on WBS(Work Breakdown Structure).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.174-186
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• 1996

This study was carried out in order to understand the plan, design, constructing and actual condition of management of modernized horticultural facilities in Kyungpook Province which had been constructed from 1992 to 1995 funded by Government support. The aim of this study is to provide reference data for success of the forth project. It was performed by making up a question about driving of project and management condition of equipment after constructing. The results obtained from this study are as follows: 1. 73.5% of facilities horticulture farmhouse recognized that the prospect of greenhouse is bright, but 92.5% of the farmhouse also recognised that they need technical consultation on protected horticulture farming. Therefore, technical educations would must be enhanced about foundation of greenhouse and cultivation technique. 2. The holding times of explanatory meetings, cause of understanding to farmhouse, were one or two times in greenhouse construction, and 62.5% of the farmhouse expressed the insufficiency at the explanation and educational data. For this reason, it was judged that the construction contract had been delayed more than 5 months in 49.3% of the farmhouse after the decision of project budget. 3. In constructing after a contract, the rates of construction delay is 53.4% and defect occurrence is 41.1%. The biggest reasons of construction delay was insufficiency of worker and materials supply. Each percentage is 29.1%. And the reason of defect occurrence is badness of machinery equipment(62.9% ). 4. In management of greenhouse, a pipe-constructed plastic film greenhouse changes plastic film every one and three years because of sticking dust on plastic film. It was needed to about in cleaning technique of coverings. Because that used 3-5 years only half of the expected life span. 5. The order of broken rating in the subsidiary equipment is like this lollop ventilator (42.8%), a general control system(33.3%) especially, in the case of a general control system, the rate of all family can control is 52.7%. so, it is time to develop easy control equipment which every one could use as soon as possible. 6. When choose heat generator as decide capacity, the most priority is the mount of heat generator the percent is 45.5% heat generator and as decide model, the private purchase's percent is 77.3%. It is higher than a public bidding heat generator the percent is 22.7% heat generator when it compare with a public bidding. In the case of $CO_2$ generator, using rate is only 19.0%. The using rate is very low, so it needs education how to use depends on the way of the subsidiary equipment. 7. In the case of seedlings, it is asked to use factory-processed seedling effectively. because it's difficult to get security of labors(58.8%), hoped crops (55.9%) access same crops(29.4%) much more and changing of crops depends on market situation. that is the main reason the lack of knowhow.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.145-151
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• 2013

Background: The objective of this study was to explore patient family's evaluation of emergency department (ED) service satisfaction and to compare these with ED staff perception of patient family's evaluation. Methods: Based on two surveys of the National Emergency Medical Center: the 2008 National Survey for Recognition and Satisfaction towards Emergency Medical Services and the 2008 Opinion Survey of Emergency Medical Service Providers, satisfaction gaps among physicians, nurses, and patient family were evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis tests and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. Furthermore, the factors associated with satisfaction of emergency medical service were identified by ordinal logistic regression models. Results: There were statistically significant gaps among physicians, nurses, and patient family in overall satisfaction with ED visit, length of stay in ED, enough explanation, physicians/nurses kindness, and ED facilities. Age and income in the patient family model, the number of beds in hospital, job satisfaction and year of service in the physicians model, and the number of beds in hospital, job satisfaction and the number of patients per duty hour in the nurses model were statistically significant factors associated with evaluation/ perception of ED service satisfaction. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction is an important indicator of the quality of care and service delivery in the ED. To improve and understand satisfaction in ED service, a dyadic view of the evaluation of service quality and satisfaction-that is, from the perspectives of both the patient and the emergency medical service providers-should be concerned.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.65-73
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• 2015

PURPOSES : This study tries to develop the accident models of 4-legged signalized intersections in Busan Metropolitan city with random parameter in count model to understanding the factors mainly influencing on accident frequencies. METHODS : To develop the traffic accidents modeling, this study uses RP(random parameter) negative binomial model which enables to take account of heterogeneity in data. By using RP model, each intersection's specific geometry characteristics were considered. RESULTS : By comparing the both FP(fixed parameter) and RP modeling, it was confirmed the RP model has a little higher explanation power than the FP model. Out of 17 statistically significant variables, 4 variables including traffic volumes on minor roads, pedestrian crossing on major roads, and distance of pedestrian crossing on major/minor roads are derived as having random parameters. In addition, the marginal effect and elasticity of variables are analyzed to understand the variables'impact on the likelihood of accident occurrences. CONCLUSIONS : This study shows that the uses of RP is better fitted to the accident data since each observations'specific characteristics could be considered. Thus, the methods which could consider the heterogeneity of data is recommended to analyze the relationship between accidents and affecting factors(for example, traffic safety facilities or geometrics in signalized 4-legged intersections).

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.293-307
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• 2005

The development and the main features of an expert system for modeling the requirements of durable concrete in chemical exposure, called the Durable Concrete Advisor for Chemical Exposure (DCACE), are described. The system was developed to help improve the quality of concrete exposed to chemical environment by minimizing mistakes and deficiencies in selecting concrete constituents. Using Kappa-PC expert system shell, an object-oriented model was developed where the rule-based reasoning operates on or across objects. The American Concrete Institute manual of concrete practice was chosen as the main source of knowledge. Other textual sources were also consulted for knowledge acquisition. The major objectives of the research were acquisition and formalization of the relevant knowledge and building an expert system for making durable concrete for chemical exposure regarding sulfate attack, acid attack, seawater attack and carbonation. Similar to most expert systems, this system has explanation facilities, can be incrementally expanded, and has an easy to understand knowledge base. The performance of the system is demonstrated by an example session. The system is user-friendly and can be used as an educational tool.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2012

The following study has examined possible methodological approach and prospect of implementing storytelling in rural tourism field. It is aimed towards deducing principles of space composition behind securing placeness of rural tourism village through storytelling. The research had been conducted by archival research and case study on field of interest, and its findings are as follows: 1) Storytelling exhibits principles of narrative structure (exposition, complication, climax, and resolution) in various fields, and has shown tendency to structuralize a plot. 2) It can be said that storytelling is deeply related with people's associations of their inner mind. This can be a logical explanation of a certain sight or location, which is a physical environment itself being the actual narrator and distributor in storytelling. 3) In order to convey a story in a more convincing way, storytelling a naming strategy based on a rhetorical technique, which has been shown to positively influence creating unique placeness of a rural village. As indicated in our study, means of storytelling-"Continuity and tourist circulation of space composition with a narrative structure, spatial hierarchical order, concealment and revelation, cast, and naming based on rhetorical technique and facilities positioning"-is a viable solution that can bring recovery of the rural village's unique placeness, as well as spatial development for sustainable rural tourism.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-111
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• 2001

This study was conducted in order to develop inter-local cooperation strategies between the City of Incheon, in Korea, and three provinces in northeastern China. We begin with a description of the history of and prospects for trade between Korea and China, an explanation of the current economic status of Incheon, statistics on the economy, trade and investment trends in the region, and information on the ports of the three Chinese provinces. The following strategies are suggested for inter-local cooperation based on the current circumstances. First, cooperative industrial strategies and economic investment for promoting the mutual concerns and interests of China and Korea were developed. Second, a practical way of utilizing the Incheon Industrial Park located in Dandong, China, was devised to stimulate industrial and investment cooperation. Third, a method of building a network among major ports in Korea and other Northeast Asian port cities was developed. Fourth, an international logistics transportation system that makes connection between sea, land and air easier through logistics standardization was suggested in preparation fur the changing environment of logistics brought about by the opening of the new Incheon International Airport. Fifth, methods of Improving port facilities are suggested. And, finally, the role and necessity of the Incheon City Interchange Center in executing inter-local cooperation strategies is described.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.347-368
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• 2010

Recently, the interests in historic tourism have been growing. Historic tourism plays a great role in establishing cultural tradition in modern explanation on them, while concerning about it's increasing because of the meaning distortion in the process of restoration. In this context, we should research in case of tourism resource in Geomdan-ri. Historic tourism considering both of Development and Conservation can make interest about historic culture like that of Geomdan-ri. We understand that the making tourist attractions like historic culture resource of Geomdan-ri equipped with unique and educational facilities would give experience the living in prehistoric age for tourist. The significance of this study was as follows. It is essential that not only raising the part of positive but also minimizing that of negative based on understanding of resident recognition for effect of society, culture, environment and economics of region by tourist development plan.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze the association between the satisfaction of Korean Medicine users and their intention to revisit and to recommend to others. Methods : This study conducted frequency analysis, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis on 1,010 male and female Korean Medicine users aged 19 or higher in the country using data from the 2017 Korean Medicine Utilization and Herbal Medicine Consumption Survey. Results : The results of analyses revealed that the facilities in Korean Medicine clinics, the results of treatment, and the attitude of nurses and medical staff were the significant influencing factors on the intention to revisit and to recommend to others. Other than the above factors, the attitude toward medical treatment of Korean Medicine doctors and the satisfaction with an explanation of the treatment procedures were found to be important influencing factors on the intention to recommend to others. Conclusions : In order to increase the intention to revisit and to recommend to others a Korean Medicine clinics, the top priority lies in both proving high-quality medical services and promoting kind attitudes of medical staff.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.173-185
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate the characteristics and types of car accidents and establish a prediction model by analyzing 456 car accidents having occurred in the 11 tunnels in Busan, through statistical analysis techniques. The results of this study can be summarized as below. As a result of analyzing the characteristics of car accidents, it was found that 64.9% of all the car accidents took place in the tunnels between 08:00 and 18:00, which was higher than 45.8 to 46.1% of the car accidents in common roads. As a result of analyzing the types of car accidents, the car-to-car accident type was the majority, and the sole-car accident type in the tunnels was relatively high, compared to that in common roads. Besides, people at the age between 21 and 40 were most involved in car accidents, and in the vehicle type of the first party to car accidents, trucks showed a high proportion, and in the cloud cover, rainy days or cloudy days showed a high proportion unlike clear days. As a result of analyzing the principal components of car accident influence factors, it was found that the first principal components were road, tunnel structure and traffic flow-related factors, the second principal components lighting facility and road structure-related factors, the third principal factors stand-by and lighting facility-related factors, the fourth principal components human and time series-related factors, the fifth principal components human-related factors, the sixth principal components vehicle and traffic flow-related factors, and the seventh principal components meteorological factors. As a result of classifying car accident spots, there were 5 optimized groups classified, and as a result of analyzing each group based on Quantification Theory Type I, it was found that the first group showed low explanation power for the prediction model, while the fourth group showed a middle explanation power and the second, third and fifth groups showed high explanation power for the prediction model. Out of all the items(principal components) over 0.2(a weak correlation) in the partial correlation coefficient absolute value of the prediction model, this study analyzed variables including road environment variables. As a result, main examination items were summarized as proper traffic flow processing, cross-section composition(the width of a road), tunnel structure(the length of a tunnel), the lineal of a road, ventilation facilities and lighting facilities.